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U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE

COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

x QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934

 

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2021

 

Commission File Number 333-153168

 

Laredo Oil, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
2021 Guadalupe Street, Ste. 260
Austin, Texas 78705
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
 
(512) 337-1199
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the last 90 days. Yes x No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “non-accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated Filer o Smaller reporting company x
    Emerging growth company o

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 or the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

 

State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date:

 

54,514,765 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of January 14, 2022.

1

 

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION    
     
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 3
  Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2021 (unaudited) and May 31, 2021 4
  Statements of Operations (unaudited) 5
  Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit (unaudited) 6
  Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) 7
  Notes to Financial Statements (unaudited) 8
     
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 19
     
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 23
     
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 23
     
PART II OTHER INFORMATION  
     
Item 6. Exhibits 24
     
Signatures   25

2

 

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

The following unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) have been prepared by Laredo Oil, Inc. (the “Company”), pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations; nevertheless, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. However, except as disclosed herein, there have been no material changes in the information disclosed in the notes to the financial statements for the year ended May 31, 2021. These financial statements and the notes attached hereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Form 10-K, which was filed with the SEC on September 14, 2021. In the opinion of management of the Company, all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position of Laredo Oil, Inc. as of November 30, 2021, and the results of its operations for the three and six-month periods then ended and cash flows for the six-month periods then ended, have been included. The results of operations for the three and six-month periods ended November 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year ending May 31, 2022.

3

 

Laredo Oil, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

    November 30,     May 31,  
    2021 (unaudited)     2021  
ASSETS                
Current Assets                
Cash and cash equivalents ($1.0 million and $0 restricted from use at November 30, 2021 and May 31, 2021, respectively)   $ 1,329,858     $ 1,196,650  
Receivables     28,847       168,522  
Receivables – related party     54,667       -  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets     156,582       267,150  
Total Current Assets     1,569,954       1,632,322  
                 
Property and Equipment                
Oil and gas acquisition costs     662,075       389,480  
Property and equipment, net     379,817       419,723  
Total Property and Equipment, net     1,041,892       809,203  
                 
Other assets     10,000       -  
Equity method investment - Olfert     19,435       -  
Equity method investment – Cat Creek     321,439       329,283  
                 
TOTAL ASSETS   $ 2,962,720     $ 2,770,808  
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT                
Current Liabilities                
Accounts payable   $ 87,852     $ 267,643  
Accrued payroll liabilities     1,608,157       1,559,283  
Accrued interest     12,736       17,491  
Deferred management fee revenue     95,373       95,373  
Refundable advance from pending contract     1,000,000       -  
Convertible debt, net of debt discount and debt issuance costs     165,202       -  
Note payable – Alleghany, net of debt discount     615,381       -  
Note payable, current portion     157,843       1,220,825  
Total Current Liabilities     3,742,544       3,160,615  
                 
Long-term note payable – Alleghany     -       600,305  
Long-term note, net of current portion     1,098,040       1,246,486  
Total Noncurrent Liabilities     1,098,040       1,846,791  
                 
TOTAL LIABILITIES     4,840,584       5,007,406  
                 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15)                
                 
Stockholders’ Deficit                
Preferred stock: $0.0001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding     -       -  
Common stock: $0.0001 par value; 90,000,000 shares authorized; 54,514,765 issued and outstanding as of November 30 and May 31, respectively     5,451       5,451  
Additional paid in capital     8,857,746       8,844,592  
Accumulated deficit     (10,741,061 )     (11,086,641 )
                 
Total Stockholders’ Deficit     (1,877,864 )     (2,236,598 )
                 
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT   $ 2,962,720     $ 2,770,808  

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

4

 

Laredo Oil, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)

 

    Three Months Ended     Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    November 30, 2021     November 30, 2020     November 30, 2021     November 30, 2020  
Management fee revenue – related party and other   $ 286,118     $ 1,247,554     $ 572,236     $ 2,923,541  
                                 
Direct costs     573,890       1,262,837       1,165,019       2,981,701  
                                 
Gross profit (loss)     (287,772 )     (15,283 )     (592,783 )     (58,160 )
                                 
General, selling and administrative expenses     105,794       25,046       165,134       44,043  
Consulting and professional services     109,682       109,376       215,297       230,134  
Total Operating Expense     215,476       134,422       380,431       274,177  
                                 
Operating income (loss)     (503,248 )     (149,705 )     (973,214 )     (332,337 )
                                 
Other income/(expense)                                
Other non-operating income     -       -       131,153       -  
Income from PPP loan forgiveness     -       -       1,224,908       -  
Equity method income (loss)     (18,691 )     (63,624 )     (7,844 )     (63,624 )
Interest expense     (17,057 )     (14,168 )     (29,423 )     (26,366 )
                                 
Net income (loss)   $ (538,996 )   $ (227,497 )   $ 345,580     $ (422,327 )
                                 
Net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.00 )   $ 0.01     $ (0.01 )
                                 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding     54,514,765       54,514,765       54,514,765       54,514,765  

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

5

 

Laredo Oil, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit (Unaudited)

 

For the three and six months ended November 30, 2021

 

    Common Stock     Preferred Stock     Additional Paid     Accumulated     Total
Stockholders’
 
    Shares     Amount     Shares     Amount     in Capital     Deficit     Deficit  
Balance as of May 31, 2021     54,514,765     $ 5,451       -       -     $ 8,844,592     $ (11,086,641 )   $ (2,236,598 )
                                                         
Stock based compensation     -       -       -       -       3,288       -       3,288  
                                                         
Net Income     -       -       -       -               884,576       884,576  
                                                         
Balance as of August 31, 2021     54,514,765     $ 5,451       -       -     $ 8,847,880     $ (10,202,065 )   $ (1,348,734 )
                                                         
Stock based compensation     -       -       -       -       9,866       -       9,866  
                                                         
Net Loss     -       -       -       -       -       (538,996 )     (538,996 )
                                                         
Balance as of November 30, 2021     54,514,765     $ 5,451       -       -     $ 8,857,746     $ (10,741,061 )   $ (1,877,864 )
                                                         
For the three and six months ended November 30, 2020                                                        
                                                         
Balance as of May 31, 2020     54,514,765     $ 5,451       -       -     $ 8,844,592     $ (10,718,405 )   $ (1,868,362 )
                                                         
Net Loss     -       -       -       -       -       (194,830 )     (194,830 )
                                                         
Balance as of August 31, 2020     54,514,765     $ 5,451       -       -     $ 8,844,592     $ (10,913,235 )   $ (2,063,192 )
                                                         
Net Loss     -       -       -       -       -       (227,497 )     (227,497 )
                                                         
Balance as of November 30, 2020     54,514,765     $ 5,451       -       -     $ 8,844,592     $ (11,140,732 )   $ (2,290,689 )

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

6

 

Laredo Oil, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)

 

    Six Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    November 30, 2021     November 30, 2020  
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES                
Net income (loss)   $ 345,580     $ (422,327 )
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income (Loss) to Net Cash used in Operating Activities                
Stock based compensation expense     13,154       -  
Depreciation expense     27,906       -  
Income from PPP loan forgiveness     (1,224,908 )     -  
Amortization of debt discount     19,028       -  
Equity method (income)/loss     7,844       63,624  
                 
Change in assets and liabilities                
Decrease in receivables     139,675       7,601  
Increase in receivables from related party     (54,667 )     -  
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets    

110,568

      47,179  
Increase in other assets  

 

(10,000   - 
(Decrease)/increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities     (179,791 )     261,111  
Increase in accrued payroll     48,874       -  
Increase in accrued interest     10,344       -  
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES     (746,393 )     (42,812 )
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES                
Investment in equity method investment     -       (448,900 )
Acquisition of oil and gas assets     (280,030 )     -  
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES     (280,030 )     (448,900 )
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES                
Proceeds from convertible debt     161,250       -  
Proceeds from prefunded drilling costs     1,000,000       -  
PPP loan repayments     (1,619 )     -  
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES     1,159,631       -  
                 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents     133,208       (491,712 )
                 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD     1,196,650       1,532,511  
                 
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD   $ 1,329,858     $ 1,040,799  
                 
NONCASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES                
Oil and gas acquisition costs in accounts payable   $ 40,533     $ -  

  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

7

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)

 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

 

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by management of Laredo Oil, Inc. (“the Company”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of and for the periods presented have been made.

 

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 31, 2008 under the name of “Laredo Mining, Inc.” with authorized common stock of 90,000,000 shares at $0.0001 par value and authorized preferred stock of 10,000,000 shares at $0.0001 par value. On October 21, 2009 the name was changed to “Laredo Oil, Inc.”

 

Laredo Oil, Inc. (“the Company”) is an oil exploration and production (“E&P”) company primarily engaged in acquisition and exploration efforts for mineral properties. From June 14, 2011 to December 31, 2020, the Company was a management services company managing the acquisition and conventional operation of mature oil fields and the further recovery of stranded oil from those fields using enhanced oil recovery (“EOR”) methods for its sole customer, Stranded Oil Resources Corporation (“SORC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Alleghany Corporation (“Alleghany”).

 

From its inception through October 2009, the Company was primarily engaged in acquisition and exploration efforts for mineral properties. After a change in control in October 2009, the Company shifted its focus to locating mature oil fields with the intention of acquiring those oil fields and recovering stranded oil using EOR methods. The Company was unable to raise the capital required to purchase any suitable oil fields. On June 14, 2011, the Company entered into several agreements with SORC to seek recovery of stranded crude oil from mature, declining oil fields by using the EOR method known as Underground Gravity Drainage (“UGD”). Such agreements consisted of a license agreement between the Company and SORC (the “SORC License Agreement”), a license agreement between the Company and Mark See, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (the “MS-Company License Agreement”), an Additional Interests Grant Agreement between the Company and SORC, a Management Services Agreement between the Company and SORC (the “MSA”), a Finder’s Fee Agreement between the Company and SORC (the “Finder’s Fee Agreement”), and a Stockholders Agreement (the “Stockholders Agreement”) among the Company, SORC and Alleghany Capital Corporation, a subsidiary of Alleghany (“Alleghany Capital”), each of which were dated June 14, 2011 (collectively, the “2011 SORC Agreements”).

 

The 2011 SORC Agreements stipulated that the Company and Mark See will provide to SORC, management services and expertise through exclusive, perpetual license agreements and the MSA with SORC. As consideration for the licenses to SORC, the Company will receive an interest in SORC’s net profits as defined in the Agreements (the “Royalty”). The MSA outlines that the Company will provide the services of various employees (“Service Employees”), including Mark See, in exchange for monthly and quarterly management service fees. The monthly management service fees provide funding for the salaries, benefit costs, and FICA taxes for the Service Employees identified in the MSA. SORC remits payment for the monthly management fees in advance and is payable on the first day of each calendar month. The quarterly management fee totals $137,500 and was paid on the first day of each calendar quarter, with the last payment being received October 1, 2020. In addition, prior to December 31, 2020, SORC reimbursed the Company for monthly expenses incurred by Service Employees in connection with their rendition of services under the MSA. The Company could also submit written requests to SORC for additional funding for payment of the Company’s operating costs and expenses, which SORC, in its sole and absolute discretion, determined whether or not to fund.

8

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS - continued

 

As consideration for the licenses to SORC, the Company was to receive an interest in SORC net profits as defined in the SORC License Agreement (the “SORC License Agreement”). Under the SORC License Agreement, the Company agreed that a portion of the Royalty equal to at least 2.25% of the net profits (“Incentive Royalty”) be used to fund a long-term incentive plan for the benefit of its employees, as determined by the Company’s board of directors. On October 11, 2012, the Laredo Royalty Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) was approved and adopted by the Board and the Incentive Royalty was assigned to the Plan. As a result of the Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 2020, (the “SORC Purchase Agreement”), there are no longer any Incentive Royalties payable pursuant to the Plan and no Royalties will be paid to the Company by SORC in the future.

 

Pursuant to the SORC Purchase Agreement, by and among the Company, Alleghany, SORC, and SORC Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“SORC Holdings”), SORC Holdings purchased all of the issued and outstanding shares of SORC stock (the “SORC Shares”) in a transaction that closed on December 31, 2020 (the “SORC Purchase Transaction”). As consideration for the SORC Shares, SORC Holdings paid Alleghany $72,678 (comprised of $55,000 purchase price plus a $17,678 working capital adjustment calculated in accordance with the SORC Purchase Agreement), and the Company agreed to pay Alleghany a revenue royalty of 5.0% of the Company’s future revenues and net profits relating to oil, gas, gas liquids and all other hydrocarbons, subject to certain adjustments, for a period of seven years after the closing. The SORC Purchase Agreement provides for customary adjustments to the purchase price based on the effective date of December 31, 2020. In connection with the SORC Purchase Transaction, the 2011 SORC Agreements were terminated effective as of December 31, 2020.

 

Further, pursuant to the SORC Purchase Agreement, the Company and Alleghany entered into a Consulting Agreement dated as of December 31, 2020 (the “Alleghany Consulting Agreement”), pursuant to which Alleghany agreed to pay an aggregate of approximately $1.245 million during calendar year 2021 in consideration of the Company causing certain individuals, including Mark See, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Chris Lindsey, the Company’s General Counsel and Secretary, to provide consulting services to Alleghany (for a period of three years for Mr. See and one year for Mr. Lindsey).

 

The Company believes that the SORC Purchase Transaction was advantageous as it simplified in a timely manner the unwinding of the 2011 SORC Agreements and allowed the Company to acquire vehicles and oil field assets that can be utilized in future oil recovery projects.

 

As the Company now owns SORC and the 2011 SORC Agreements have been terminated, the Company no longer receives any payments from SORC (including any Royalty payable by SORC to the Company) outlined in the 2011 SORC Agreements. As a result, except for the payments to the Company in 2021 under the Alleghany Consulting Agreement, the Company will no longer receive management fee revenue from Alleghany or reimbursement from Alleghany for the monthly expenses of its employees, which fees and reimbursements were effectively all of the Company’s revenues prior to the closing of the SORC Purchase Transaction.

 

During the period from June 14, 2011 through December 31, 2020, Company management gained specialized know-how and operational experience in evaluating, acquiring, operating and developing oil and gas properties while implementing UGD projects, as well as gaining expertise designing, drilling and producing conventional oil wells. Based upon the knowledge gained, the Company has identified and acquired 28,376 gross acres and 24,369 net acres of mineral property interests in Montana. The Company has received a reserve report from an independent petroleum engineering firm estimating the interests of proved undeveloped, probable undeveloped and contingent reserves, and forecasts of economics attributable to 27 wells in the initial target area. Within the area encompassed by the reserve report, 10 drilling locations have been identified with the intention to drill an initial development well early in calendar year 2022 and, if that well yields anticipated results, the Company plans to continue to develop the field thereafter. Each well is planned to have an 80-acre footprint, so the first 10 wells would affect only 800 acres, or less than 2 percent of the leased acreage. The success of the first development well and the ability to secure further funding will drive future plans and at this point there is nothing concrete that can be planned out.

 

In connection with securing this acreage in Montana, Lustre Oil Company LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Lustre”), entered into an Acquisition and Participation Agreement (“Erewhon APA”) with Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC (“Erewhon”) to acquire oil and gas interests and drill, complete, re-enter, re-complete, sidetrack, and equip wells in Valley County, Daniels County and Roosevelt County, Montana. The Erewhon APA specifies calculations for royalty interests and working interests for the first 10 well completions and first 10 well recompletions and for all additional wells and recompletions thereafter. Lustre will acquire initial mineral leases and pay 100% of the costs with a cap of $500,000. When the cap is exceeded, Erehwon will have the option to acquire a 10% working interest (“WI”) in a lease by paying 10% of any lease acquisition cost, resulting in Lustre paying 90% of the lease costs, on a lease by lease basis. Until amounts paid to complete the first 10 new wells and first 10 recompletions are repaid (“Payback”), the WI split between Erehwon and Lustre is 10%/90%. Thereafter, the split between Erewhon and Lustre is 20%/80%. Additional wells and recompletions will have a WI split equal to their respective working interest in the leases. This will be 10% Erehwon and 90% Lustre unless Erehwon exercises its option to increase its WI by 10 percent points to 20%/80%, as described above. Under the Erewhon APA, Lustre will fund 100% of the construction costs of the first 10 wells and first 10 completions. Additional wells will be funded 80% by Lustre and 20% by Erehwon; provided, that Erehwon has the option to pay 10% of the cost to increase its WI to 20%. Royalty expense will consist of the sum of royalty interest to the land owner and an overriding royalty interest to two individuals (“Prospect Generators”) not to exceed 6% nor be less than 3%. For the first 10 new wells and first 10 recompletions, the Prospect Generators will receive an amount equal to 5% of the cost of each completed producing well.

9

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS - continued

  

On June 30, 2020, the Company entered into the Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “LLC Agreement”) of Cat Creek Holdings LLC (“Cat Creek”), a Montana limited liability company formed as a joint venture with Lipson Investments LLC (“Lipson”) and Viper Oil & Gas, LLC (“Viper”) for the purchase of certain oil and gas properties in the Cat Creek Field in Petroleum and Garfield Counties in the State of Montana (the “Cat Creek Properties”). Cat Creek entered into an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Cat Creek Purchase Agreement”) with Carrell Oil Company (“Carrell Oil”) on July 1, 2020 for the purchase of the Cat Creek Properties from Seller. Upon closing under the Cat Creek Purchase Agreement, Carrell received consideration of $400,000, subject to certain adjustments resulting from pre- and post-effective date revenue, expense and tax allocations. In accordance with the LLC Agreement, the Company invested $448,900 in Cat Creek Holdings, LLC (“Cat Creek”) for 50% of the ownership interests in Cat Creek using cash on hand. Each of Lipson Investments LLC and Viper Oil & Gas, LLC, the other two members of Cat Creek, have ownership interests in Cat Creek of 25% in consideration of their respective investments of $224,450. Cat Creek will be managed by a Board of Directors consisting of four directors, two of which shall be designated by the Company.

 

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

 

The Company’s basic earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts have been computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. For the six-month period ended November 30, 2021, all options and warrants potentially convertible into common equivalent shares are considered antidilutive and have been excluded in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. As the Company realized a net loss for the three-month period ended November 30, 2021 and the three- and six-month periods ended November 30, 2020, no potentially dilutive securities were included in the calculation of diluted loss per share as their impact would have been anti-dilutive. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common and dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period.

 

NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERN

 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Company has routinely incurred losses since inception, resulting in an accumulated deficit, and historically has been dependent on one customer for its revenue. Further the Company has negative working capital as of November 30, 2021 and May 31, 2021. The Company entered into the 2011 SORC Agreements to fund operations and to provide working capital. However, as a result of the SORC Purchase Transaction, except for payments made to Laredo in 2021 under the Alleghany Consulting Agreement, Alleghany will no longer fund operations or provide working capital to the Company or SORC. There is no assurance that in the future such financing will be available to meet the Company’s needs. This situation raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements.

 

Management has undertaken steps as part of a plan to improve operations with the goal of sustaining operations for the next twelve months and beyond. These steps include controlling overhead and expenses. In that regard, the Company has worked to attract and retain key personnel with significant experience in the industry to enhance the quality and breadth of the services it provides. At the same time, in an effort to control costs, the Company has required a number of its personnel to multi-task and cover a wider range of responsibilities in an effort to restrict the growth of the Company’s headcount. There can be no assurance that the Company can successfully accomplish these steps and it is uncertain that the Company will achieve a profitable level of operations and obtain additional financing. There can be no assurance that any additional financing will be available to the Company on satisfactory terms and conditions, if at all.

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the possible inability of the Company to continue as a going concern.

10

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Principles of Consolidation – The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Laredo Oil and its subsidiaries after elimination of intercompany balances and transactions.

 

Equity Method Investment – Investments classified as equity method consist of investments in companies in which the Company is able to exercise significant influence but not control. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment is initially recorded at cost, then the Company’s proportional share of investee’s underlying net income or loss is recorded as a component of “other income” with a corresponding increase or decrease to the carrying value of the investment. Distributions received from the investee reduce the Company’s carrying value of the investment. These investments are evaluated for impairment if events or circumstances arise that indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company has elected to record its portion of the equity method income (loss) with a two-month lag. Accordingly, the financial results for the equity method investment are reported through September 30, 2021. No impairments were recognized for the Company’s equity method investment during the quarter ended November 30, 2021. See Note 14.

 

Related Party Receivables – Receivables include amounts due from Cat Creek Holdings represent related party balances arising from payroll costs and employee expense reports incurred by Laredo for work performed solely on the Company’s equity investment in Cat Creek Holdings, but not paid at November 30, 2021 period end.

 

Property and Equipment – The carrying value of the Company’s property and equipment represents the cost incurred to acquire the property and equipment, net of any impairments. For business combinations, property and equipment cost is based on the fair values at the acquisition date.

 

Oil and Gas Acquisition Costs – Oil and gas acquisition costs include expenditures representing investments in unproved and unevaluated properties and include non-producing leasehold, geological and geophysical costs associated with leasehold or drilling interests. Costs are reviewed to determine if impairment has occurred. The Company has incurred oil and gas acquisition costs totaling $280,030 and $389,480 during the six months ended November 30, 2021 and the year ended May 31, 2021, respectively.

 

NOTE 4 – CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

 

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents are as follows:

 

    November 30, 2021       May 31, 2021  
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 329,858     $ 1,196,650  
Restricted cash     1,000,000       -  
Cash and cash equivalents, net   $ 1,329,858     $ 1,196,650  

 

Restricted cash is recorded with respect to the refundable advance from pending contract. See Note 11. These funds are restricted for use for the development of the first well in the Lustre field.

 

NOTE 5 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

 

Monthly Management Fee

 

The Company generated monthly management revenues from fees for labor and benefit costs in accordance with the 2011 SORC Agreements. The Company recognizes revenue for these services in the month the labor and benefits are received by the customer. As a result, the Company records deferred revenue for services that have not been provided. Monthly management fee revenues of $1,110,054 and $2,648,541 were recognized for the three months and six months ended November 30, 2020, respectively. The last monthly management fee payment from SORC was paid in February 2021, thus no monthly management fee revenues were recorded in fiscal year 2022.

11

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 5 – REVENUE RECOGNITION - continued

  

Quarterly Management Fee

 

While the 2011 SORC Agreements were in place with Alleghany during calendar year 2020, the Company generated management fee revenue of $137,500 each quarter, payable in advance. The Company recognized that revenue over the applicable quarter on a straight-line basis. Quarterly management fees recognized for the three and six months ended November 30, 2020, respectively were $137,500 and $275,000. Pursuant to the SORC Purchase Agreement, the quarterly management fee has been terminated effective December 31, 2020 and no additional quarterly fees have been recognized for the three and six months ended November 30, 2021. As a result, the Company has not recorded quarterly management fee deferred revenue as of November 30, 2021 and May 31, 2021.

 

Other Revenue

 

The Company and Alleghany have entered into the Alleghany Consulting Agreement (see Note 1), where Alleghany is obligated to pay the Company a total of $1,144,471, in quarterly payments beginning January 1, 2021, in consideration for making certain individuals available for their advice, assistance and support in connection with the oil and gas industry and any questions, issues or matters arising from Alleghany’s previous ownership of SORC. Two individuals are committed for a one-year period ending December 31, 2021, and one individual is committed for a three-year period ending December 31, 2023. The Company’s management believes that any work necessary under this obligation will in fact be completed by December 31, 2021 and is recognizing revenue on a monthly basis over the year ended December 31, 2021. Accordingly, $286,118 and $572,236 is recorded as other revenue for the three and six month periods ended November 30, 2021. Unearned revenue related to amounts received but not yet earned under this contract at November 30, 2021 totaled $95,373.

 

NOTE 6 – RECENT AND ADOPTED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

 

The Company has reviewed recently issued accounting standards and plans to adopt those that are applicable to it. It does not expect the adoption of those standards to have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

NOTE 7 – ACQUISITION OF SORC

 

Purchase Price Allocation

 

Effective December 31, 2020, the Company acquired a 100% equity interest in SORC (see Note 1). We have accounted for the acquisition of SORC as a business combination using the acquisition method. The preliminary allocations of the purchase price with less than a year of ownership are subject to revisions as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The revisions may have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. The allocations of the purchase price will be finalized once all the information is obtained, but not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate to prepaid expenses and current liabilities.

 

Financial Information

 

Pursuant to Topic 2, section 2010 of the SEC financial reporting manual, the Company evaluated the business combination. Prior to the acquisition by the Company, SORC sold all operating assets, terminated all employees and no longer maintained any of the business processes that previously existed. As a result, historical consolidated financial statements are not considered relevant to the ongoing operations and are not required.

12

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 7 – ACQUISITION OF SORC - continued

 

In accordance with the SORC Purchase Agreement, Laredo agreed to pay to Alleghany a revenue royalty of 5.0% of the Company’s future revenues and net profits relating to oil, gas, gas liquids and all other hydrocarbons, subject to certain adjustments, for a period of seven years after the closing. The Company has not attributed a value to this potential liability in the preliminary purchase price allocation as eligible revenues or net profits do not currently exist and are not estimable.

 

In connection with the acquisition, the Company received tangible assets which had previously been written off by the Seller. This previous reduction in asset values in combination with the Seller’s desire to close the transaction on an accelerated basis enabled the Company to obtain the assets at a lower price resulting in the recognition of a bargain purchase gain.

 

For the quarter ended November 30, 2021, SORC recognized no revenues and $15,075 interest expense recorded related to the debt discount amortization, included in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

 

The Company’s financial instruments as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 825-10-50, Financial Instruments, include cash and cash equivalents, equity method investments, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and notes payable. The equity method investments approximate fair value as a result of limited activity by the investee since formation. All other instruments are accounted for on a historical cost basis, which, due to the short maturity of these financial instruments, approximates fair value at November 30, 2021.

 

Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for loans with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of long-term notes payable approximates the carrying value.

 

NOTE 9 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Transactions between related parties are considered to be related party transactions even though they may not be given accounting recognition. FASB ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures (“FASB ASC 850”) requires that transactions with related parties that would make a difference in decision making shall be disclosed so that users of the financial statements can evaluate their significance. Related party transactions typically occur within the context of the following relationships:

 

Affiliates of the entity;

 

Entities for which investments in their equity securities is typically accounted for under the equity method by the investing entity;

 

Trusts for the benefit of employees;

 

Principal owners of the entity and members of their immediate families;

 

Management of the entity and members of their immediate families.

 

Other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests.

 

Prior to the SORC Purchase Transaction on December 31, 2020, SORC and Alleghany were considered related parties under FASB ASC 850. See Note 1. All management fee revenue reported by the Company for the year ended May 31, 2020 and the following seven months through December 31, 2020 is generated from charges to SORC.

 

Subsequent to the Company’s purchase of 100% of SORC’s stock on December 31, 2020, Alleghany and its subsidiaries are no longer a related party.

13

 

 NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 10 – STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

 

Share Based Compensation

 

The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of options granted under our stock incentive plan.

 

Share based compensation for stock option grants totaling $9,866 and $13,154, respectively is recorded in general, selling and administrative expense during the three and six months ended November 30, 2021. No share based compensation costs were recorded during the three and six months ended November 30, 2020.

 

Stock Options

 

No option grants were made during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. Option grants for the purchase of 1,600,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.074 per share were made during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022. The options vest monthly over three years beginning August 1, 2021 and expire on August 1, 2031. The grant date fair value of these stock option grants amounted to approximately $118,387. The assumptions used in calculating these values were based on an expected term of 6.0 years, volatility of 315% and a 0.95% risk free interest rate at the date of grant. No option grants were made during the first quarter and second quarter of fiscal year 2021.

 

Restricted Stock

 

No restricted stock was granted during the first and second quarters of fiscal years 2022 or 2021.

 

Warrants

 

No warrants were issued during the first and second quarters of fiscal years 2022 or 2021. The 5,374,501 warrants previously outstanding expired June 14, 2021 and are no longer exercisable.

 

NOTE 11 – REFUNDABLE ADVANCE FROM PENDING CONTRACT

 

During October and November 2021, through the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Lustre Holdings, Laredo received advance payments totaling $1.0 million from four investors pursuant to a draft net profits interest (NPI) agreement with the purpose of funding the first well. Through November 30, 2021, the Company has incurred approximately $65,000 in costs related to the development of the first well; however, the Company is awaiting required permitting procedures. The funds will be refunded to the investors if the well is not developed. These payments have been presented as restricted cash as of November 30, 2021 as the funds cannot be expended until the NPI agreement is finalized. The NPI agreement was executed in January 2022, see Note 16 - Subsequent Events.

14

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 12 – NOTES PAYABLE

 

Convertible Debt

 

In October and November 2021, Laredo entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with two accredited investors, pursuant to which the Company issued two convertible promissory notes in the principal amount of $185,625, receiving $161,250 in net cash proceeds (the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes had an original issue discount of $16,875. Further $7,500 debt issue costs were deducted from the gross proceeds. The total of $24,375 recorded as debt discount are being amortized using the effective interest method through the maturity dates of the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes are due in one year from the date of issuance, accrue interest at 8% per annum (22% upon the occurrence of an event of default) and are convertible after 180 days into shares of the Company’s common stock at a discount of 25% of the average of the three lowest trading prices during the 15 trading days immediately preceding the conversion.

 

The Company has the right to prepay the Convertible Notes at any time during the first six months the note is outstanding at the rate of (a) 110% of the unpaid principal amount of the note plus interest, during the first 120 days the note is outstanding, and (b) 115% of the unpaid principal amount of the note plus interest between days 121 and 180 after the issuance date of the note. The Convertible Notes may not be prepaid after the 180th day following the issuance date, unless the note holders agree to such repayment and such terms.

 

The Company agreed to reserve a number of shares of its common stock which may be issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes at all times.

 

The Convertible Notes provide for standard and customary events of default such as failing to timely make payments under the Convertible Notes when due, the failure of the Company to timely comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, reporting requirements and the failure to maintain a listing on the OTC Markets. The Convertible Notes also contains customary positive and negative covenants. The Convertible Notes include penalties and damages payable to the noteholders in the event we do not comply with the terms of such note, including in the event we do not issue shares of common stock to the noteholders upon conversion of the notes within the time periods set forth therein. Additionally, upon the occurrence of certain defaults, as described in the Convertible Notes, we are required to pay the noteholders liquidated damages in addition to the amount owed under the Convertible Notes (including in some cases up to 300% of the amount of the note).

 

At no time may the Convertible Notes be converted into shares of Laredo common stock if such conversion would result in the note holders and their affiliates owning an aggregate of in excess of 4.99% of the then outstanding shares of Laredo common stock.

 

The proceeds from the Convertible Notes can be used by the Company for general corporate purposes.

 

Alleghany Notes

 

During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2011, the Company entered into two Loan Agreements with Alleghany Capital for a combined available borrowing limit of $350,000. The notes accrued interest on the outstanding principal of $350,000 at the rate of 6% per annum, with a due date of December 31, 2020.

15

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 12 – NOTES PAYABLE - continued

 

In connection with the SORC Purchase Transaction, the notes were amended, restated and consolidated into one note including all accrued interest through December 31, 2020, the date of the transaction, for a total of $631,434 (the “Senior Consolidated Note”) with a maturity date of June 30, 2022. The Senior Consolidated Note requires any stock issuances for cash be utilized to pay down the outstanding loan balance unless written consent is obtained from Alleghany. As part of the SORC Purchase Transaction, the Company agreed to secure repayment of the Senior Consolidated Note with certain equipment and to reduce the note balance with any proceeds received from any sales of such equipment. The note bears no interest until January 1, 2022 whereupon the interest rate increases to 5% per annum through maturity. Principal with all accrued and unpaid interest is due at maturity. In connection with the SORC acquisition purchase price allocation, the Company recorded a debt discount totaling $30,068 in recognition of imputed interest on the Senior Consolidated Note, to be amortized over the first year of the note term. The Senior Consolidated Note totaling $615,381 is recorded as a current note payable, net of debt discount as of November 30, 2021.

 

Paycheck Protection Program Loan

 

    November 30,       May 31,  
    2021     2021  
Total PPP Loan   $ 1,255,883     $ 2,467,311  
Less amounts classified as current     157,843       1,220,825  
                 
PPP loan, excluding current portion   $ 1,098,040     $ 1,246,486  

 

On April 28, 2020, the Company entered into a Note (the “Note”) with IBERIA BANK for $1,233,656 pursuant to the terms of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) authorized by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (“CARES Act”). In June 2020, the Flexibility Act which amended the CARES Act was signed into law. Pursuant to the Flexibility Act, the Note continues to accrue interest on the outstanding principal sum at the rate of 1% per annum. In addition, the initial two-year Note term has been extended to five years through mutual agreement with IBERIA BANK as allowed under Flexibility Act provisions.

 

In February, 2021, the Company drew an additional $1,233,655 under the PPP Second Draw Loans, bringing the total principal borrowed to $2,467,311. The additional draw is under the same terms and conditions as the first PPP loan.

 

The Flexibility Act also provides that if a borrower does not apply for forgiveness of a loan within 10 months after the last day of the measurement period (“covered period”), the PPP loan is no longer deferred and the borrower must begin paying principal and interest. In addition, the Flexibility Act extended the length of the covered period from eight weeks to 24 weeks from receipt of proceeds, while allowing borrowers that received PPP loans before June 5, 2020 to determine, at their sole discretion, a covered period of either 8 weeks or 24 weeks.

 

No interest or principal will be due during the deferral period, although interest will continue to accrue over this period. As of November 30, 2021, interest totaling $10,261 is recorded in accrued interest on the accompanying balance sheets. After the deferral period and after taking into account any loan forgiveness applicable to the Note, any remaining principal and accrued interest will be payable in substantially equal monthly installments over the remaining term of the Note.

 

The Company did not provide any collateral or guarantees for the loan, nor did the Company pay any facility charge to obtain the loan. The Note provides for customary events of default, including, among others, those relating to failure to make payment, bankruptcy, breaches of representations and material adverse effects. The Company may prepay the Note at any time without payment of any penalty or premium.

16

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 12 – NOTES PAYABLE - continued

 

The Company applied for forgiveness of the first PPP note and in July 2021 received notice that $1,209,809 of the $1,233,656 note payable balance has been forgiven along with the $15,099 related accrued interest through that date. As of May 31, 2021 both PPP Notes have been recorded as debt. During the quarter ended November 30, 2021, the portion of the loan forgiven has been recorded as income from PPP loan forgiveness as the Company has been legally released from being the primary obligor in accordance with ASC 405-20-40-1. Monthly payments commence on September 1, 2021 with respect to the remaining $23,847 balance on the first Note.

 

At this time, the Company has not yet applied for or received loan forgiveness on the PPP Second Draw Loan. No assurance can be given that the Company will obtain forgiveness of the loan, in whole or in part. Similar to the first PPP Note, any forgiveness on the PPP Second Draw Loan will be treated as income from the extinguishment of its loan obligation when it is legally released from being the primary obligor in accordance with ASC 405-20-40-1.

 

NOTE 13 – EMPLOYEE SEPARATIONS

 

The Company establishes obligations for expected termination benefits provided under existing agreements with a former or inactive employee after employment but before retirement. These benefits generally include severance payments and medical continuation coverage. During the six months ending November 30, 2020, the Company continued to reduce expenses in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company incurred severance and related charges totaling $222,023 during the six months ended November 30, 2020. As of November 30, 2021 and May 31, 2021, the Company has no remaining severance accrual included in accrued payroll liabilities.

 

NOTE 14 – EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS

 

On June 30, 2020, Laredo entered into a Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “LLC Agreement”) of Cat Creek, a Montana limited liability company formed as a joint venture for the purchase of certain oil and gas properties in the Cat Creek Field in Petroleum and Garfield Counties in the State of Montana (the “Cat Creek Properties”). In accordance with the LLC Agreement, Laredo invested $448,900 in Cat Creek for 50% of the ownership interests in Cat Creek using cash on hand. Each of Lipson Investments LLC and Viper Oil & Gas, LLC, the other two members of Cat Creek, have ownership interests in Cat Creek of 25% in consideration of their respective investments of $224,450. Cat Creek will be managed by a Board of Directors consisting of four directors, two of which shall be designated by Laredo.

 

Cat Creek entered into an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Carrell Oil Company (“Seller”) on July 1, 2020 for the purchase of the Cat Creek Properties from Seller. On September 21, 2020, upon resolving the purchase contingency under the Purchase Agreement, the Seller received consideration of $400,000, taking into effect certain adjustments resulting from pre- and post-effective date revenue, expense, and allocations.

17

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 

NOTE 14 – EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS - continued

 

Summarized Financial Information

 

The following table provides summarized financial information for the Company’s ownership interest in Cat Creek accounted for under the equity method for the November 30, 2021 period presented and has been compiled from respective company financial statements, reflects certain historical adjustments, and is reported on a two-month lag. Results of operations are excluded for periods prior to acquisition.

 

 

Balance Sheet:     As of November 30, 2021  
Current Assets   $ 312,488  
Non-current Assets     567,387  
Total Assets   $ 879,875  
         
Current Liabilities   $ 170,128  
Non-current Liabilities     66,869  
Shareholders’ equity     642,878  
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity   $ 879,875  

 

Results of Operations:     Three Months
Ended
November 30, 2021
      Three Months
Ended
November 30, 2020
      Six Months
Ended
November 30, 2021
      Six Months
Ended
November 30, 2020
 
Revenue   $ 181,628     $ 300,885     $ 329,309     $ 300,885  
Gross Profit     81,217       147,060       169,850       147,060  
Net Income (Loss)   $ (37,382 )   $ (127,247 )   $ (15,689 )   $ (127,247 )

 

See Note 16 – Subsequent Events with respect to the Company’s $19,435 equity method investment in Olfert.

 

NOTE 15 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

On February 4, 2021, a case captioned Lustre Oil Company LLC and Erewhon Oil & Gas, LLC v. Anadarko Minerals, Inc. and A&S Mineral Development Co., LLC was filed in the Montana Seventeenth Judicial District Court for Valley County by Lustre Oil Company LLC, a subsidiary of the Company (“Lustre”), to initiate a quiet title action confirming Lustre’s rights under certain mineral leases in Valley County, Montana. Lustre is also seeking damages with respect to actions taken by A&S Mineral Development Co., LLC to improperly produce oil on the property subject to such mineral leases.

 

Except as set forth above, we are not currently involved in any other legal proceedings and we are not aware of any other pending or potential legal actions.

 

NOTE 16 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

In January 2022, the Company and Lustre executed a Net Profits Interest Agreement effective as of October 2021 (“NPI Agreement”) with Erewhon and Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC (“Olfert Holdings”) for the purpose of funding the first well, Olfert #11-4, (the “Well”) under the Erewhon Acquisition and Participation Agreement (“APA”). The NPI Agreement grants Olfert Holdings a flow of an Applicable Percentage of available funds from the Well in exchange for Olfert Holdings funding its development. The “Applicable Percentage” under the NPI Agreement is 90% prior to Payout and 50% after Payout, where “Payout” means the point in time when the aggregate of all Net Profits Interest payments made to Olfert Holdings under the NPI Agreement equals 105% of the well development costs. In January 2022, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Olfert Holdings dated effective as of November 2022 (the “Olfert Holdings Operating Agreement”). Pursuant to the Olfert Holdings Operating Agreement, the Company has agreed to make a capital contribution to Olfert Holdings in the amount of $500,000 out of the aggregate $1,500,000 of capital raised by Olfert Holdings. Pursuant to the Olfert Holdings Operating Agreement, the Company was credited an amount equal to $59,935 of well development costs as part of its capital contribution. The Company has not yet determined the source of its funds for the balance of its capital contribution, and it is possible that another investor may invest all or a part of such funds instead of the Company. The Company has also been appointed as the Manager of Olfert Holdings. The expected well development cost for the first well to be developed under the NPI Agreement is $1.5 million.

 

In connection with the NPI Agreement, the Company was credited a contribution totaling $59,935 of well development costs as determined per agreement with Olfert on behalf of Olfert Holding representing a 5.5% interest in the entity as of November 30, 2021. The total investment recorded by Laredo was $19,435 as of November 30, 2021 based on the carrying value of assets contributed to Olfert. The difference between the $59,935 contribution recorded at the Olfert level and the investment recorded by Laredo is due to the investment at Laredo being recorded at the carrying value of the assets contributed. As Laredo also currently serves as the manager of Olfert, the Company exercises significant influence. Accordingly the amount paid is recorded as an equity method investment as of November 30, 2021.

18

 

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

This report contains forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. We use words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “plan”, “expect”, “future”, “intend”, and similar expressions to identify such forward-looking statements. Investors should be aware that all forward-looking statements contained within this filing are good faith estimates of management as of the date of this filing. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

 

Impact of COVID-19 to our Business

 

The long-term impacts of the global emergence of novel coronavirus 2019 (“COVID-19”) on our business are currently unknown. In an effort to protect the health and safety of our employees, we took proactive, aggressive action from the earliest signs of the outbreak in China to adopt social distancing policies at our locations, including working from home, limiting the number of employees attending meetings, reducing the number of people in our sites at any one time, and suspending employee travel. We anticipate that the global health crisis caused by COVID-19 will continue to negatively impact business activity. We have observed declining demand and price reductions in the oil and gas sector as business and consumer activity decelerates across the globe. When COVID-19 is demonstrably contained, we anticipate a rebound in economic activity, depending on the rate, pace, and effectiveness of the containment efforts deployed by various national, state, and local governments.

 

We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions altering our business operations that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, suppliers, and stakeholders, or as required by federal, state, or local authorities. It is not clear what the potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business, including the effects on our customers, employees, and prospects, or on our financial results for the remainder of 2021.

 

Company Description and Operations

 

Laredo Oil, Inc. (“the Company”) is an oil exploration and production (“E&P”) company primarily engaged in acquisition and exploration efforts for mineral properties. From June 14, 2011 to December 31, 2020, the Company was a management services company managing the acquisition and conventional operation of mature oil fields and the further recovery of stranded oil from those fields using enhanced oil recovery (“EOR”) methods for its sole customer, Stranded Oil Resources Corporation (“SORC”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Alleghany Corporation (“Alleghany”).

 

From its inception through October 2009, the Company was primarily engaged in acquisition and exploration efforts for mineral properties. After a change in control in October 2009, the Company shifted its focus to locating mature oil fields with the intention of acquiring those oil fields and recovering stranded oil using EOR methods. The Company was unable to raise the capital required to purchase any suitable oil fields. On June 14, 2011, the Company entered into several agreements with SORC to seek recovery of stranded crude oil from mature, declining oil fields by using the EOR method known as Underground Gravity Drainage (“UGD”). Such agreements consisted of a license agreement between the Company and SORC (the “SORC License Agreement”), a license agreement between the Company and Mark See, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) (the “MS-Company License Agreement”), an Additional Interests Grant Agreement between the Company and SORC, a Management Services Agreement between the Company and SORC (the “MSA”), a Finder’s Fee Agreement between the Company and SORC (the “Finder’s Fee Agreement”), and a Stockholders Agreement (the “Stockholders Agreement”) among the Company, SORC and Alleghany Capital Corporation, a subsidiary of Alleghany (“Alleghany Capital”), each of which were dated June 14, 2011 (collectively, the “2011 SORC Agreements”).

19

 

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - continued

 

Pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement dated December 31, 2020 (the “SORC Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, Alleghany, SORC, and SORC Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“SORC Holdings”), SORC Holdings purchased all of the issued and outstanding shares of SORC stock (the “SORC Shares”) in a transaction that closed on December 31, 2020 (the “SORC Purchase Transaction”). As consideration for the SORC Shares, SORC Holdings paid Alleghany $72,678 (comprised of $55,000 purchase price plus a $17,678 working capital adjustment calculated in accordance with the SORC Purchase Agreement), and the Company agreed to pay to Alleghany a revenue royalty of 5.0% of the Company’s future revenues and net profits relating to oil, gas, gas liquids and all other hydrocarbons, subject to certain adjustments, for a period of seven years after the closing. The SORC Purchase Agreement provides for customary adjustments to the purchase price based on the effective date of December 31, 2020. In connection with the SORC Purchase Transaction, the 2011 SORC Agreements were terminated effective as of December 31, 2020.

 

Further, pursuant to the SORC Purchase Agreement, the Company and Alleghany entered into a consulting agreement dated as of December 31, 2020 (the “Alleghany Consulting Agreement”), pursuant to which Alleghany agreed to pay an aggregate of approximately $1.245 million during calendar year 2021 in consideration of the Company causing certain individuals, including Mark See, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Chris Lindsey, the Company’s General Counsel and Secretary, to provide consulting services to Alleghany (for a period of three years for Mr. See and one year for Mr. Lindsey).

 

The Company believes that the SORC Purchase Transaction was advantageous as it simplified in a timely manner the unwinding of the 2011 SORC Agreements and allowed the Company to acquire vehicles and oil field assets that can be utilized in future oil recovery projects.

 

As the Company now owns SORC and the 2011 SORC Agreements have been terminated, the Company no longer receives any payments from SORC (including any Royalty payable by SORC to the Company) outlined in the 2011 SORC Agreements. As a result, except for the payments to be made in calendar year 2021 to the Company under the Alleghany Consulting Agreement, the Company will no longer receive management fee revenue from Alleghany or reimbursement from Alleghany for the monthly expenses of its employees, which fees and reimbursements were effectively all of the Company’s revenues prior to the closing of the SORC Purchase Transaction.

 

During the period from June 14, 2011 through December 31, 2020, Company management gained specialized know-how and operational experience in evaluating, acquiring, operating and developing oil and gas properties while implementing UGD projects, as well as gaining expertise designing, drilling and producing conventional oil wells. Based upon the knowledge gained, the Company has identified and acquired 28,376 gross acres and 24,369 net acres of mineral property interests in Montana. The Company has received a reserve report from an independent petroleum engineering firm estimating that interests of proved undeveloped, probable undeveloped and contingent reserves, and forecasts of economics attributable to 27 wells in the initial target area. Within the area encompassed by the reserve report, 10 drilling locations have been identified with the intention to drill an initial development well there early in calendar year 2022 and, if that well yields anticipated results, the Company plans to continue to develop the field thereafter. Each well is planned to have an 80-acre footprint, so the first 10 wells would affect only 800 acres, or less than 2 percent of the leased acreage.

 

In connection with securing this acreage in Montana, Lustre Oil Company LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Lustre”), entered into an Acquisition and Participation Agreement (“Erewhon APA”) with Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC (“Erewhon”) to acquire oil and gas interests and drill, complete, re-enter, re-complete, sidetrack, and equip wells in Valley County, Daniels County and Roosevelt County, Montana. The Erewhon APA specifies calculations for royalty interests and working interests for the first 10 well completions and first 10 well recompletions and for all additional wells and recompletions thereafter. Lustre will acquire initial mineral leases and pay 100% of the costs with a cap of $500,000. When the cap is exceeded, Erehwon will have the option to acquire a 10% working interest (“WI”) in a lease by paying 10% of any lease acquisition cost, resulting in Lustre paying 90% of the lease costs, on a lease by lease basis. Until amounts paid to complete the first 10 new wells and first 10 recompletions are repaid (“Payback”), the WI split between Erehwon and Lustre is 10%/90%. Thereafter, the split between Erewhon and Lustre is 20%/80%. Additional wells and recompletions will have a WI split equal to their respective working interest in the leases. This will be 10% Erehwon and 90% Lustre unless Erehwon exercises its option to increase its WI by 10 percent points to 20%/80%, as described above. Under the Erewhon APA, Lustre will fund 100% of the construction costs of the first 10 wells and first 10 completions. Additional wells will be funded 80% by Lustre and 20% by Erehwon; provided, that Erehwon has the option to pay 10% of the cost to increase its WI to 20%. Royalty expense will consist of the sum of royalty interest to the land owner and an overriding royalty interest to two individuals (“Prospect Generators”) not to exceed 6% nor be less than 3%. For the first 10 new wells and first 10 recompletions, the Prospect Generators will receive an amount equal to 5% of the cost of each completed producing well.

 

Subsequent Events

 

In January 2022, the Company and Lustre executed a Net Profits Interest Agreement dated effective as of October 2021 (“NPI Agreement”) with Erewhon and Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC (“Olfert Holdings”) for the purpose of funding the first well, Olfert #11-4, (the “Well”) under the Erewhon APA. The NPI Agreement grants Olfert Holdings a flow of an Applicable Percentage of available funds from the Well in exchange for Olfert Holdings funding its development. The “Applicable Percentage” under the NPI Agreement is 90% prior to Payout and 50% after Payout, where “Payout” means the point in time when the aggregate of all Net Profits Interest payments made to Olfert Holdings under the NPI Agreement equals 105% of the well development costs.

20

 

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - continued

 

In January 2022, the Company entered into that certain Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Olfert Holdings dated effective as of November 2022 (the “Olfert Holdings Operating Agreement”). Pursuant to the Olfert Holdings Operating Agreement, the Company has agreed to make a capital contribution to Olfert Holdings in the amount of $500,000 out of the aggregate $1,500,000 of capital raised by Olfert Holdings. Pursuant to the Olfert Holdings Operating Agreement, the Company was credited an amount equal to $59,935 of well development costs as part of its capital contribution. The Company has not yet determined the source of its funds for the balance of its capital contribution, and it is possible that another investor may invest all or a part of such funds instead of the Company. The Company has also been appointed as the Manager of Olfert Holdings. The expected well development cost for the first well to be developed under the NPI Agreement is $1.5 million.

 

On June 30, 2020, the Company entered into the Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “LLC Agreement”) of Cat Creek Holdings LLC (“Cat Creek”), a Montana limited liability company formed as a joint venture with Lipson Investments LLC (“Lipson”) and Viper Oil & Gas, LLC (“Viper”) for the purchase of certain oil and gas properties in the Cat Creek Field in Petroleum and Garfield Counties in the State of Montana (the “Cat Creek Properties”). Cat Creek entered into an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement (the “Cat Creek Purchase Agreement”) with Carrell Oil Company (“Carrell Oil”) on July 1, 2020 for the purchase of the Cat Creek Properties from Seller. Upon closing under the Cat Creek Purchase Agreement, Carrell received consideration of $400,000, subject to certain adjustments resulting from pre- and post-effective date revenue, expense and tax allocations. In accordance with the LLC Agreement, the Company invested $448,900 in Cat Creek for 50% of the ownership interests in Cat Creek using cash on hand. Each of Lipson Investments LLC and Viper Oil & Gas, LLC, the other two members of Cat Creek, have ownership interests in Cat Creek of 25% in consideration of their respective investments of $224,450. Cat Creek will be managed by a Board of Directors consisting of four directors, two of which shall be designated by the Company. The Company accounts for its investment in Cat Creek as an equity method investment.

 

The original UGD method used conventional mining processes to establish a drilling chamber underneath an existing oil field from where closely spaced wellbores were intended to be drilled up into the reservoir, using residual radial pressure and gravity to then drain the targeted reservoir through the wellbores. As experience has been gained through practical application of the processes involved in oil recovery, variants of the UGD concept are continually developed and evaluated. The UGD method is applicable to mature oil fields that have very specific geological characteristics. The Company has done extensive research and has identified oil fields within the United States that it believes are qualified for UGD recovery methods. We believe the costs of implementing the UGD method are significantly lower than those presently experienced by other commonly used EOR methods. We also estimate that we can materially increase the field oil production rate from prior periods and, in some cases, recover amounts of oil equal to or greater than amounts previously recovered from the mature fields selected.

 

Our shares are currently listed for trading on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board (“OTCBB”) under the symbol LRDC. As of the date of this report, there has been light to medium trading for our common stock and we cannot provide assurance that an active trading market for our securities will ever develop.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As a result of the SORC Purchase Transaction, the Company is no longer entitled to receive management fee revenue or operations reimbursements from Alleghany or SORC. Further, the Company is no longer entitled to any Royalty cash distributions from Alleghany or SORC. The Company plans to use its cash and cash equivalents on hand, and the proceeds from the Alleghany Consulting Agreement, to maintain the mineral rights acquisition program in Montana and to pay its operating costs.

 

On April 28, 2020, the Company entered into a note in the amount of $1,233,656 (the “First PPP Note”) pursuant to the terms of the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) authorized by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act (the “Program”). The Program provides loans to qualifying businesses for amount up to 2.5 times the average monthly payroll expenses of the qualifying business. On July 19, 2021, the Company was notified that the SBA forgave $1,209,809 of the note, leaving $23,847 payable over the remaining life of the five-year loan. The loan will be repaid through monthly payments of principal and accrued interest in the amount of $559 beginning September 1, 2021 and ending April 28, 2025 with the final payment including all outstanding principal as well as accrued interest through that date.

 

Effective as of February 3, 2021, the Company entered into a note in the amount of $1,233,655 (the “Second PPP Note” and, together with the First PPP Note, the “PPP Notes”) for a second draw under the Program.

21

 

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - continued

 

Under the terms of the Second PPP Note, PPP loan participants can apply for and be granted forgiveness for all or a portion of the loan (including interest) granted pursuant to the PPP. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the loan proceeds for eligible purposes. No assurance can be given that the Company will obtain forgiveness of the Second PPP Note, in whole or part.

 

Our cash and cash equivalents at November 30, 2021 was $1,329,858, of which $1,000,000 is restricted. Total debt outstanding as of November 30, 2021 is $2,036,466 comprised of $165,202, recorded net of $20,423 deferred debt discount, convertible debt classified as short-term payable and owed to two accredited investors, $615,381, recorded net of $2,553 deferred debt discount and owed to Alleghany Capital, which is classified as a short-term notes payable and $1,255,883 pursuant to the PPP Notes. Based on the terms of the PPP Notes, $1,098,040 is classified as a long-term note, net of the current portion totaling $157,843 which is classified as a current note payable.

 

Results of Operations

 

Pursuant to the Management Services Agreement with SORC, which terminated effective December 31, 2020 in connection with the SORC Purchase Transaction, the Company received and recorded management fee and other revenue and direct costs totaling $1,247,554 and $1,262,837 for the quarter ended November 30, 2020 and recorded management fee and other revenue and direct costs totaling $2,923,541 and $2,981,701 for the six months ended November 30, 2020. Due to the termination of the MSA, there are no similar management fee revenues and expenses during the first and second quarters of fiscal 2022. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2021, the Company recorded other revenue totaling $286,118 and $572,236 comprised of revenue from consulting services provided pursuant to the Alleghany Consulting Agreement. The overall decrease in revenues and direct costs is primarily attributable to the termination of the MSA with SORC resulting in a reduction in force contributing to the decrease in employee related costs in the three and six months ended November 30, 2021 as compared to the same periods in the prior fiscal year. 

 

During the quarters ended November 30, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, the Company incurred operating expenses of $215,476 and $134,422. These expenses consisted of general operating expenses incurred in connection with the day to day operation of our business and the preparation and filing of our required reports. The increase in expenses for the quarter ended November 30, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020 is primarily attributable increases in depreciation and an increase in general operating costs related to the acquired SORC assets, stock based compensation, travel and initial costs incurred in developing the initial well sites during the quarter ended November 30, 2021.

 

During the six months ended November 30, 2021 and November 30, 2020, respectively, the Company incurred operating expenses of $380,431 and $274,177. These expenses consisted of general operating expenses incurred in connection with the day to day operation of our business and the preparation and filing of our required reports. The increase in expenses for the six months ended November 30, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020 is primarily attributable increases in depreciation and an increase in general operating costs related to the acquired SORC assets, stock based compensation, travel and initial costs incurred establishing the initial Lustre well sites during the six months end November 30, 2021.

 

During the six months ended November 30, 2021, the Company recognized $1,224,908 gain on PPP loan forgiveness of both principle and accrued interest, recognized $7,844 equity method loss related to their July 2020 equity investment, and recognized $131,153 other income for the sale of a license. The Company had no other income during the six months ended November 30, 2020.

 

Due to the nature of the 2011 SORC Agreements, the Company has been relatively unaffected by the impact of inflation. Usually, when general price inflation occurs, the price of crude oil increases as well, which may have a positive effect on sales. However, as the price of oil increases, it also most likely will result in making targeted oil fields more expensive.

22

 

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - continued

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

 

The process of preparing financial statements requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of liabilities and stockholders’ equity/(deficit) at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The financial statements include estimates and assumptions based on currently available information, historical experience and various other factors we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates in these financial statements include estimates related to the valuation of stock-based compensation and related to purchase price allocation. Changes in the status of certain facts or circumstances could result in a material change to the estimates used in the preparation of the financial statements and actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions.

 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

 

We do not currently have any off-balance sheet arrangements or other such unrecorded obligations, and we have not guaranteed the debt of any other party.

 

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Our exposure to market risk is confined to our cash equivalents. We invest in high-quality financial instruments and we believe we are subject to limited credit risk. Due to the short-term nature of our cash, we do not believe that we have any material exposure to interest rate risk arising from our investments.

 

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives, and management necessarily is required to use its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

 

An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are not effective in insuring that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner, and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Our size has prevented us from being able to employ sufficient resources to enable us to have an adequate level of supervision and segregation of duties. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively segregate accounting duties which comprises a material weakness in internal controls. This lack of segregation of duties leads management to conclude that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are not effective to give reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in reports that the Company files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.

 

(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

None.

23

 

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

 

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

 

None.

 

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

 

The exhibits required to be filed herewith by Item 601 of Regulation S-K, as described in the following index of exhibits, are attached hereto unless otherwise indicated as being incorporated herein by reference, as follows: 

 

3.1 Certificate of Incorporation, included as Exhibit 3.1 in our Form S-1 filed August 25, 2008, File No. 333-153168 and incorporated herein by reference.
   
3.2 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation, included as Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed October 22, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference.
   
3.3 Bylaws, included as Exhibit 3.2 in our S-1 filed August 25, 2008, File No. 333-153168 and incorporated herein by reference.
   
10.1 Acquisition and Participation Agreement dated effective as of June 3, 2021, by and among Cat Creek Holdings LLC, the Company, Lustre Oil Company LLC, Laris Oil & Gas, LLC and Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC.
   
10.2 First Amendment to Acquisition and Participation Agreement dated effective as of June 3, 2021, by and among Cat Creek Holdings LLC, the Company, Lustre Oil Company LLC, Laris Oil & Gas, LLC and Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC.
   
10.3 Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC dated effective as of November 2021.
   
10.4 Net Profits Interest Agreement dated effective as of November 2021, by and between Lustre Oil Company LLC, Erewhon Oil & Gas, LLC, Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC and the Company.
   
31.1 Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
31.2 Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
   
32.1 Certificate Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 signed by the Chief Executive Officer
   
32.2 Certificate Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 signed by the Chief Financial Officer
   
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document  (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
   
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
   
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
   
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
   
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
   
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
   
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) 

24

 

SIGNATURES

 

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

LAREDO OIL, INC.

 

(Registrant)

 

Date: January 19, 2022 By: /s/ Mark See  
    Mark See  
    Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board  

 

Date: January 19, 2022 By: /s/ Bradley E. Sparks  
    Bradley E. Sparks  
    Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Director  

25

 

 

Exhibit 10.1

 

Acquisition and Participation AGREEMENT 

(Lustre-Midfork Prospect)

 

This Acquisition and Participation Agreement (“Agreement”), dated effective as of June 3, 2021 (“Effective Date”), is between and among CAT CREEK HOLDINGS LLC, a Montana limited liability company with an office located at 398 Sage Lane, Winnett, Montana 59087 (“Operator” or “Cat Creek”), Laredo Oil, Inc., a Delaware corporation with an office located at 398 Sage Lane, Winnett, Montana 59087 (“Laredo Oil”) and Lustre Oil Company LLC, a Montana limited liability company with an office located at 398 Sage Lane, Winnett, Montana 59087 (“Lustre Oil”) (Laredo Oil and Lustre Oil, collectively with their Representatives “Lustre”) and LARIS OIL & GAS, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company with an office located at 9876 Clairton Way, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80126 (“Laris Oil”) and Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company with an office located at 9876 Clairton Way, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80126 (“Erehwon Oil”), (Laris Oil and Erehwon Oil, collectively with their Representatives “Erehwon”). Erehwon and Lustre may be referred to herein individually as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”.

 

RECITALS

 

A. Lustre Oil is a wholly owned subsidiary of Laredo Oil.

 

B. Erehwon Oil is a wholly owned subsidiary of Laris Oil.

 

C. Laredo Oil and Laris Oil entered into: (a) that certain Non-Disclosure and Non-Circumvention Agreement dated effective as of June 17, 2020, and that certain Option Agreement dated effective as of September 12, 2020 (“Option Agreement”).

 

D. Laris Oil, in conjunction with Mr. Eric Johnson (“Johnson”) and Mr. Duane Estelle (“Estelle”) generated an oil and gas prospect known to the Parties as the Lustre-Midfork Prospect located in Valley County, Montana (“Prospect”). Johnson and Estelle may be referred to herein as the “Prospect Generators”.

 

E. On December 3, 2021, the Parties jointly filed a declaratory judgement action (“Litigation”) against A&S Mineral Development Co., LLC (“A&S”) and Anadarko Minerals, Inc. (“AMI”) seeking to quiet title to the Parties recently acquired oil and gas leases in Valley County, Montana.

 

F. Lustre and Erehwon desire to set forth herein the terms and conditions pursuant to which they desire to acquire oil and gas interests and drill, complete, re-enter, re-complete, sidetrack, and equip wells within the Contract Area.

 

 

AGREEMENT

 

In consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the benefits to be derived by each Party, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

 

1. DEFINITIONS:

 

a. BIAPO. The term “BIAPO” shall mean Erehwon’s 10.0% back-in after Payout (defined below) in the: (i) Initial Recompletions (defined below), and (ii) Initial Wells (defined below).

 

b. AMI. The Area of Mutual Interest (“AMI”) to which this Agreement applies is defined as Valley County, Daniels County and Roosevelt County, Montana.

 

c. DRC. The term “DRC” shall mean Diamond Resources Co. DRC is a lease brokerage company located in Williston, North Dakota and is the lease broker that the Parties agree to use to acquire new leases within the Contract Area.

 

d. Initial Leases. The term “Initial Leases” shall mean those leases acquired by mutual consent of the Parties within the Contract Area until such time that the total lease bonus costs plus the brokerage costs charged by DRC total $500,000 (“Initial Lease Cap”). The Litigation Costs shall not be included in the Initial Lease Cap calculation.

 

e. Initial Payout Balance. The term “Initial Payout Balance” shall mean the sum of money equal to 20.0% of the Litigation Costs (defined below). The Initial Payout Balance shall be repaid to Lustre by Erehwon from 20.0% of Erehwon’s share of the Revenue (defined below) until such time that Lustre has recovered Erehwon’s 20.0% share of the Litigation Costs. Twenty percent (20.0%) of Erehwon’s share of the Revenue shall be referred to as the “Payout Revenue”.

 

f. Initial Recompletions. The first ten wells recompleted within the Contract Area pursuant to this Agreement are defined as the “Initial Recompletions”. The term Initial Recompletions includes the perforating, re-perforating, acidizing, hydraulic fracture stimulating, treatment, sidetracking and any other method or technique used to return or enhance the production of an existing well, including without limitation wells that may be currently shut-in or plugged and abandoned.

 

g. Initial Wells. The first ten new wells drilled within the Contract Area pursuant to this Agreement are defined as the “Initial Wells”.

 

h. JOA. The terms “JOA” shall mean an AAPL Form 610-1989 Operating Agreement.

 

i. Litigation Costs. The ultimate cost of litigating the quiet title actions shall be referred to herein as the “Litigation Costs.” Lustre shall initially pay 100.0% of the Litigation Costs, provided, however, Erehwon’s 20.0% share of such costs shall be added to the Initial Payout Balance pursuant to Section 1.e above.

Page 2 of 15

 

j. ORRI. The variable overriding royalty assigned the Prospect Generators shall be referred to herein as the “ORRI”. The magnitude of the ORRI in any given lease shall be determined in accordance with Section 4 of this Agreement.

 

k. Payout:

 

a. Initial Wells and Initial Recompletions: With respect to each of the Initial Wells and each of the Initial Recompletions, the term “Payout” shall mean that point in time when Lustre’s share of the Revenue equals Lustre’s actual out-of-pocket costs paid to third parties to drill and complete the Initial Wells and to recomplete the Initial Recompletions, on an individual well basis (i.e. not a project-wide basis), without including any allocation of management or overhead costs or expenses. The term Payout applies to the ten Initial Wells and the ten Initial Recompletions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein above, in the event the Operator completes one of the Initial Wells or Initial Recompletions, the drilling or recompletion of which was consented to by Erehwon, as a dry hole, 10.0% of the cost of such dry hole shall be added to the Payout calculation for all then producing wells by amortizing Erehwon’s back-in after payout share of the cost of the dry hole, in equal shares, to all then producing wells. For purposes of example only, if the Operator completes one of the Initial Wells as a dry hole at a cost of $500,000 and at the time of completion of such dry hole, there are five producing wells, then the cost of the dry hole attributable to Erehwon’s back-in after payout for such dry hole (i.e. 10% or $50,000) shall be divided by five and $10,000 shall be added to the payout calculation for each of the five then producing wells drilled by the Operator within the Contract Area.

 

b. Accounting: Lustre shall provide to Erehwon a monthly accounting for each well then subject to a Payout calculation. Such accounting shall provide the dollar amount of the Payout valuation and the remaining balance required to achieve Payout. Each such monthly accounting shall be delivered to Erehwon within 45 days of the end of the month.

 

l. Revenue. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “Revenue” shall mean all funds received by Lustre attributable to: (a) production from the Initial Recompletions, (b) production from the Initial Wells, (c) the sale of any Leases, Wells or equipment acquired by the Parties within the Contract Area, and (d) any funds received from AMI or A&S related to the Litigation.

 

m. Single Party Leases. A “Single Party Lease” or “Single Party Leases” shall mean an oil and gas lease or leases, the acquisition of which was consented to by only one of the two Parties to this Agreement.

Page 3 of 15

 

n. Subsequent Leases. Leases acquired by mutual consent of the Parties after the Initial Lease Cap has been met by Lustre shall be referred to herein as “Subsequent Leases”.

 

o. Subsequent Recompletions. The eleventh well and all subsequent wells recompleted thereafter pursuant to this Agreement are defined as the “Subsequent Recompletions”.

 

p. Subsequent Wells. The eleventh well and all subsequent wells drilled thereafter pursuant to this Agreement are defined as the “Subsequent Wells”.

 

q. SWD Well. The term “SWD Well” shall mean any existing wellbore acquired for the purpose of converting it to a saltwater disposal well or an injection well or, in the event no suitable existing wellbore can be acquired for such purposes, a new well drilled for the purpose of disposing or injecting produced water.

 

r. WI. The respective working interest of the Parties in leases and wells may be referred to herein as a “WI”. The magnitude of the Parties’ respective WI in leases and wells shall be determined in accordance with the terms of Section 8 of this Agreement.

 

2. JOINT OPERATING AGREEMENT:

 

a. Concurrent with the execution of this Agreement, the Operator, Lustre and Erehwon shall execute a new JOA.

 

b. The JOA shall name Cat Creek as the “Operator”.

 

c. The “AMI” under the JOA shall be the same as the AMI defined in this Agreement.

 

d. The “Non-Consent” penalty under the JOA shall not exceed 250%.

 

e. The JOA shall include a Tax Partnership election.

 

f. All wells drilled within the AMI shall be drilled subject to the JOA; provided, however, in the event of any conflict between this Agreement and the JOA, this Agreement shall be the controlling instrument.

 

g. The Parties hereby agree to amend Exhibits A-1 and A-2 to the JOA to include any additional leases acquired within the AMI subsequent to the execution of the JOA.

 

3. LEASE ACQUISITION & ASSIGNMENT:

 

a. Leasing Decisions. DRC shall acquire oil and gas leases at the direction of Lustre and Erehwon. In the event either Lustre or Erehwon does not consent to the acquisition of any individual lease, the consenting party may acquire such Single Party Lease for its own individual account, provided, however, the non-consenting Party shall not be obligated to pay for any portion of the costs associated with any such Single Party Lease.

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b. Confidentiality. To preserve confidentiality prior to the spudding of the first well drilled within the Contract Area, the Parties shall require DRC initially to record all acquired leases under the name of DRC in the Office of the Valley County Clerk & Recorder in Valley County, Montana.

 

c. Assignments. Prior to spudding the first well within the Contract Area, DRC shall be contractually obligated to assign the ORRI and WI to the appropriate parties in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Such assignments shall be made pursuant to a form of assignment mutually acceptable to the Parties.

 

4. OVERRIDING ROYALTY INTERESTS:

 

a. Lustre or DRC, as appropriate, shall assign to the Prospect Generators a variable overriding interest (“ORRI”) in all leases, including Single Party Leases, located within the Contract Area equal to the positive difference between: (a) 20.0% and (b) (1) the percentage of the landowner royalty (for newly acquired leases), or (2) the total existing lease burden (for acquired leases and wells); provided, however, no ORRI granted hereunder shall exceed 6.0% of 8/8th nor be less than 3.0% of 8/8th. The ORRI shall be assigned separately in equal 50.0% shares to Johnson and Estelle pursuant to an Assignment of ORRI acceptable to each of Johnson and Estelle, respectively.

 

b. If any lease covers less than the entire oil and gas mineral fee estate in any tract of the land, then the ORRI assigned to the Prospect Generators shall be reduced in the proportion that the interest in the oil, gas and related hydrocarbons therein covered by the lease bears to the entire fee estate in such tract.

 

5. SUCCESS FEE IN LIEU OF PROSPECT FEE:

 

a. In lieu of an upfront prospect fee, Lustre shall pay the Prospect Generators a “Success Fee” equal to 5.0% of the cost to drill, complete, and equip each of the first ten Initial Wells drilled within the Contract Area. The Success Fee shall be a completion cost line-item on the AFE for each of the Initial Wells. The Success Fee shall be delivered in equal 50.0% shares to Johnson and Estelle within 30-days after the date of completion for each of the first ten wells as a producing well. In the event one or more of the Initial Wells drilled within the Contract Area is completed as a dry hole, no Success Fee shall be payable to the Prospect Generators for such dry hole. No Success Fee shall be payable to the Prospect Generators upon the completion of Subsequent Wells.

Page 5 of 15

 

6. PAYMENTS TO PROSPECT GENERATORS: Payments to the Prospect Generators shall be made in equal shares as follows:

 

a. Success Fees:

 

Johnson Geophysical, Inc. (50%) 

811 Poly Drive 

Billings, Montana 59102 

Attn: Mr. Eric Johnson

 

Blackstone Energy, LLC (50%) 

Box 2250 

Red Lodge, Montana 

Attn: Mr. Duane Estelle

 

b. ORRI:

 

Eric & Connie Johnson, JTROS (50%) 

811 Poly Drive 

Billings, Montana 59102

 

Mr. Duane Estelle (50%) 

Box 2250 

Red Lodge, Montana

 

The Prospect Generators may, at any time, change how such payments are directed by providing written notice to the Operator.

 

7. ALLOCATION OF COSTS:

 

a. Lease Acquisition Costs. The cost to acquire the Initial Leases within the Contract Area shall be paid 100.0% by Lustre. If either Party objects to the acquisition of a particular lease, the non-objecting Party shall have the right but not the obligation to pay 100% of the lease bonus and annual rentals (if any) associated with such a Single Party Lease.

 

b. Drilling, Completion and Equipping Costs.

 

i. Initial Ten Wells. Lustre shall pay 100.0% of the cost to drill, complete, and equip each of the ten Initial Wells drilled within the Contract Area.

 

ii. Subsequent Wells. Subject to Section 8 below, the cost to drill, complete, and equip all Subsequent Wells shall be paid 80.0% by Lustre and 20.0% by Erehwon, subject to the terms and conditions of the JOA.

 

iii. Initial Saltwater Disposal or Injection Well. Lustre shall pay 100% of the cost of the SWD Well and, for the purpose of calculating Payout for each of the first three oil wells drilled by the Parties, one-third of the cost of the SWD Well shall be added to the cost of each of the first three oil wells drilled. The cost of the SWD Well shall include the cost to recomplete and equip an existing well or, in the alternative, the cost to drill, complete and equip a new well.

Page 6 of 15

 

iv. Subsequent Saltwater Disposal or Injection Well(s). In the event the Parties determine that one or more additional SWD Wells are needed, Erehwon shall have the option to: (1) pay its 20.0% share of the cost of the well heads-up, or (2) elect to have Lustre shall pay 100% of the cost of the subsequent SWD Well and the cost of the new SWD shall be divided by the number of then producing wells still that have a remaining Payout balance, and that fraction of the cost shall be added to the Payout balance of each of the producing wells with a remaining Payout balance. For purposes of example, if at the time the Parties decide to drill a new SWD Well at a cost of $1,000,000.00, there are six producing wells, and only one of the six producing wells has reached Payout, the cost of the new SWD Well shall be divided by five, and 20.0% of the cost of the new SWD Well ($200,000.00) shall be added to the Payout balance of the five producing wells that have not yet reached Payout.

 

c. Leasing Costs.

 

i. Initial Leases. Lustre shall pay 100.0% of the cost to acquire the Initial Leases.

 

ii. Subsequent Leases. Subject to Section 8.d below, Lustre shall pay 100.0% of the Subsequent Leases, provided, however, Erehwon shall have the right but not the obligation to pay 10.0% of the cost to acquire the Subsequent Leases.

 

d. Seismic Data.

 

i. In the event the Parties desire to acquire or reprocess any seismic data covering lands within the Contract Area, Lustre shall initially pay 100% of the cost to acquire and/or reprocess the data and shall be reimbursed by Erehwon for its 20% share of any such costs from the Payout Revenue until such debt is fully repaid. If, at the time such seismic data is acquired, all wells have already paid out, Erehwon’s 20.0% share of the cost shall be repaid from 20.0% of Erehwon’s share of the Revenue at that time. In the event such seismic data covers lands in which Erehwon owns a 10.0% WI in some of the leases and a 20.0% WI in other leases, the Parties shall negotiate in good faith to determine Erehwon’s pro-rata share of the cost of the seismic data based on the weighted average by acreage of Erehwon’s working interest in the leases covered by the seismic data.

 

ii. In the event Lustre sells, trades, or otherwise divests of its interest in all, or substantially of the wells and leases comprising the Prospect and Erehwon elects to retain its interests in the same wells and leases, Lustre shall, concurrent with the closing on the divestiture of its interests in the wells and leases, reimburse Erehwon for its share of the cost to acquire or reprocess the data paid to Lustre as of the date of Lustre’s divestiture.

Page 7 of 15

 

8. ALLOCATION AND ASSIGNMENT OF INTERESTS:

 

a. Leases Acquired Prior to Spudding the First Well. Prior to spudding the first well within the Contract Area, DRC shall first record the applicable Assignment of ORRI to the Prospect Generators and then record a Partial Assignment of Oil & Gas Lease conveying the applicable WI to Lustre and Erehwon, as determined by Sections 8.c and 8.d of this Agreement in all then acquired leases for which the acquisition was mutually agreed upon by both Parties. For any then acquired Single Party Lease, DRC shall record an assignment conveying all right title and interest in that lease to the sole consenting Party.

 

b. Leases Acquired by Mutual Consent After Spudding the First Well. All leases acquired my mutual consent after the spudding of the first well shall initially be recorded in the name of Lustre or DRC. Immediately after recording each lease, Lustre or DRC, as applicable, shall record an Assignment of ORRI conveying the applicable ORRI to the Prospect Generators and immediately thereafter record a Partial Assignment of Oil and Gas Lease conveying the applicable WI to Erehwon and Lustre, as determined by Sections 8.c and 8.d of this Agreement. Lustre shall not reserve unto itself or convey to any third party, other than the Prospect Generators, any non-paying interest or any paying working interest without the prior written consent of Erehwon.

 

c. Wells.

 

i. Initial Wells & Initial Recompletions Before Payout: Before Payout (as defined in Section 1.k above), Lustre shall have a 90.0% WI and Erehwon shall have a 10.0% WI in each of the ten Initial Wells and each of the ten Initial Recompletions. Erehwon’s 10.0% WI in each of the Initial Wells and Initial Recompletions shall be carried through the tanks.

 

1. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, Lustre shall cause the first of the ten Initial Wells or the first of the ten Initial Recompletions to commence operations not later than 6-months after the Effective Date of this Agreement.

 

ii. Initial Wells and Initial Recompletions After Payout: After Payout (as defined in Section 1.k above), Lustre shall have an 80.0% WI and Erehwon shall have a 20.0% WI in each of the ten Initial Wells and each of the ten Initial Recompletions.

 

iii. Subsequent Wells: In all Subsequent Wells, Lustre and Erehwon shall have a WI equal to their respective working interest in the leases that comprise the spacing unit for each such Subsequent Well.

Page 8 of 15

 

iv. Summary Table of WI in Initial Wells and Initial Recompletions: For purposes of example, assuming Erehwon owns a 20% WI in the lease on which the example well is located, the following table summarizes the respective WI of each Party:

 

  WI in Initial Wells (1st 10 wells)   Wl in Subsequent Wells
  BPO APO   Heads-Up Interests
Lustre 90.0% 80.0%   80.0%
Erehwon* 10.0% 20.0%   20.0%
Totals 100.0% 100.0%   100.0%
*Erehwon’s 10.0% BPO Interest is carried through the tanks.    

 

  WI in Initial Recompletions (1st 10 Recompletions)   WI in Subsequent Recompletions
  BPO APO   Heads-Up Interests
Lustre 90.0% 80.0%   80.0%
Erehwon* 10.0% 20.0%   20.0%
Totals 100.0% 100.0%   100.0%
*Erehwon’s 10.0% BPO Interest is carried through the tanks.  

  

v. Saltwater Disposal or Injection Wells: Lustre shall have an 80.0% working interest and Erehwon shall have a 20% working interest in the SWD Well.

 

d. Leases.

 

i. Initial Leases. Lustre shall have an 80.0% WI and Erehwon shall have a 20.0% WI in the Initial Leases.

 

ii. Subsequent Leases. Lustre shall have a 90.0% and Erehwon shall have a 10.0% WI in the Subsequent Leases unless Erehwon elects to pay 10.0% of the cost to acquire one or more Subsequent Leases in which case Lustre shall have an 80.0% WI and Erehwon shall have a 20.0% WI in such Subsequent Lease(s).

 

9. WELLBORE DESIGN:

 

a. Subject to such modifications as a prudent operator would reasonably make, the first well shall be designed and equipped as follows:

 

i. The well shall have, at a minimum, the following equipment on-site and operational such that the pay zones can be drilled and completed underbalanced:

 

1. Rotating head

 

2. Underbalanced choke manifold

 

3. 4-phase separator

 

4. Gas flare

 

5. At least one rented frac tank dedicated to store any oil produced while drilling and testing.

 

6. At least one rented frac tank dedicated to store any water produced while drilling and testing.

 

7. Mud-Logging unit equipped with a mud gas chromatograph and two mud-loggers from surface casing to TD.

Page 9 of 15

 

ii. Intermediate casing shall be set approximately 10’ above the top of the specific pay zone targeted by the well.

 

iii. After setting intermediate casing above the targeted pay zone, employ an underbalanced drilling package and drill the pay zone using a solids-free, non-wetting phase drilling fluid (i.e. air, nitrogen, crude oil, or LVT drilling fluid) while using best efforts to maintain underbalanced conditions at all time.

 

iv. The well shall be completed open-hole or by hanging a pre-cut slotted liner across the pay zone. No casing shall be cemented across the pay zone and under no-circumstances, absent an imminent risk of catastrophic loss of control of the well, shall any water be put on the pay zone.

 

b. The design and equipping of subsequent wells shall be modified in accordance with the results from the preceding well(s) and agreed to mutually by both Erehwon and Lustre.

 

10. SUBSTITUTE WELLS:

 

a. Substitute Wells. If Operator discontinues drilling any Initial Well before reaching its intended depth because of encountering impenetrable substances, heaving shale, excessive salt, mechanical conditions, or because of other conditions out of Operator’s control as a prudent operator, which make further drilling impracticable and which Operator, after a diligent effort, is unable to overcome, Operator shall have the right, but not the obligation, to drill a substitute well at a legal location selected by it in the same quarter section in which the discontinued well was located, provided the actual drilling of said substitute well is commenced as soon as is practicable after the abandonment of drilling operations on the discontinued well. The substitute well shall be drilled in the manner and to the depth specified for the discontinued well and shall be treated as if it were the well for which it is a substitute under the terms of this Agreement. For purposes of calculating payout for a substitute well, the cost of the discontinued well shall be added to the cost of the substitute well.

 

11. CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS:

 

a. Performance Standards. All operations shall be conducted under the rights, duties, performance standards and obligations of the Operator under the JOA, and in accordance with all applicable federal, state and local laws, regulations and orders.

 

b. Lease Obligations. The Operator shall comply in all material respects with the express and implied covenants and other obligations of the applicable lease or leases.

Page 10 of 15

 

c. Well Information. The Operator shall promptly furnish the non-operators, at no cost to the non-operators, the following information pertaining to all wells drilled within the Prospect:

 

i. Written notice of the exact time and date on which the well is spudded.

 

ii. A daily drilling report showing all formations encountered and the depths at which those formations were encountered during the immediately preceding day, and the well operations conducted during the immediately preceding day.

 

iii. Written reports on all cuttings and cores taken in the well.

 

iv. Reasonable advance notice of any drill stem tests, production tests, pressure tests, cores and logs to be run in the well so that any Party desiring to do so may witness the operations. Written reports of such operations, when they are completed, shall be furnished to all Parties.

 

v. Copies of all reports and other forms filed with any federal, state or local governmental authority concerning the well.

 

vi. A complete copy of the driller’s log and a complete copy of all well logs in hard copy format and in digital pdf file format as well as in .las file format.

 

d. Confidentiality. Without the other Party’s prior written consent, neither Party shall divulge information obtained from the operations under the terms of this Agreement to any party other than its Representatives, affiliates, or a party owning an interest in any well drilled within the Prospect and the appropriate governmental authority.

 

e. Person; Representatives; Affiliates. As used in this Agreement, (i) the term “person” shall be interpreted broadly to include, without limitation, any corporation, company, group, partnership, limited liability company, unincorporated association, trust, other entity or individual, (ii) the term “Representatives”, used with respect to a person, shall include the directors, officers, employees, members, affiliates, subsidiaries, associates, agents, lawyers, consultants, accountants, engineers, financial and other advisors, and banks and other financing sources of or to such person, and (iii) the terms “affiliates”, “subsidiaries”, “associates” and derivations thereof shall mean any person which, directly or indirectly, controls, or is controlled by or is under common control with such designated person and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, shall include (a) any person which beneficially owns or holds 5.0% or more of any class of voting securities of such designated person or 5.0% or more of the equity interest in such designated person and (b) any person of which such designated person beneficially owns or holds 5.0% or more of any class of voting securities or in which such designated person beneficially owns or holds 5.0% or more of the equity interest. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by contract or otherwise.

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12. ASSIGNMENTS, ENCUMBRANCES AND RESTRICTIONS:

 

a. This Agreement shall be binding on the respective heirs, successors, and assigns of Lustre and Erehwon. Neither Party shall assign or encumber its interest under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other Party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, either Party may assign its respective interest to any affiliate of that Party without the prior consent of non-assigning Party.

 

13. TAG-ALONG RIGHTS:

 

a. If Lustre at any time or from time to time desires to enter into an agreement to sell, transfer or convey all or any portion of its WI to any person, entity or group (“Proposed Transferee”), then Erehwon shall have the right, but not the obligation, to cause Lustre to require, as a condition to such sale, that the Proposed Transferee purchase from Erehwon the same proportionate share of Erehwon’s WI on the same terms and conditions realized by Lustre. Lustre shall cause the offer from the Proposed Transferee to be reduced to a writing that includes the name and address of the Proposed Transferee, the interest to be purchased and the terms and conditions of the proposed sale, transfer or conveyance. Lustre shall cause the written offer to be sent to Erehwon within 5 business days following Lustre’s receipt of an offer from any Proposed Transferee.

 

14. AUDIT RIGHTS:

 

a. Erehwon, upon reasonable notice to Operator, shall have the right to inspect and audit, during normal business hours and using best efforts not to disrupt Operator’s normal business operations, Operator’s accounts, books, records and other information in Operator’s possession reasonably necessary to verify any invoices delivered or payments made, including without limitation, any costs associated with new seismic data, and Revenue received during any calendar year within the twenty-four month period following the end of the calendar year; provided that the making of an audit shall not extend the time for the taking of written exception to invoices or payments. Upon receipt of the auditor’s report, Erehwon shall provide a copy to Operator and Lustre. Erehwon shall bear all costs of the audit unless the audit identifies an underpayment discrepancy of 5.0% or more, in which case Operator or Lustre shall promptly reimburse Erehwon for the cost of the audit along with any underpayment identified by the audit.

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15. NOTICES AND WELL INFORMATION:

 

a. In General. All well data, information and notices to be given to a Party as provided in this Agreement shall be given as follows:

 

  EREHWON: LUSTRE:
     
  Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC Lustre Oil Company LLC
  9876 Clairton Way 398 Sage Lane
  Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80126 Winnett, Montana 59087
  Attn: John Stafford Attn: Mark See
  John@LarisOil.com msee@wyooil.com
  (303) 471-4109 office (720) 295-1214 office
  (303) 204-0429 cell (512) 520-7349 cell
     
    With a copy to:
    Christopher E. Lindsey
    clindsey@stranded-oil.com
     
    CAT CREEK HOLDINGS LLC:
    398 Sage Lane
    Winnett, Montana 59087
    Attn: Mark See
    msee@wyooil.com
    (720) 295-1214 office
    (512) 520-7349 cell

  

Erehwon, Operator and Lustre may change their address at any time by furnishing a written notice of change of address to the other Party.

 

16. LUSTRE’s Representations, COVENANTS, and Warranties:

 

a. Lustre hereby represents and warrants to Erehwon that it is a limited liability company, duly organized, validly existing, and formed under the law in the State of Montana. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly and validly authorized by all requisite action on the part of Lustre.

 

b. Lustre hereby covenants that it shall cause the first well drilled pursuant to this Agreement shall be drilled using underbalanced drilling and completion techniques as described in Section 9 above and that this covenant is a condition precedent for Erehwon to enter into this Agreement. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, Operator’s failure to drill and complete the first well drilled pursuant to this Agreement using such underbalanced drilling and completion techniques shall be an “Event of Default” entitling Erehwon to replace Cat Creek as Operator under the JOA. After the first well is drilled, Operator shall employ whatever drilling techniques it, in good faith, believes will minimize formation damage and maximize the economic value of such future wells.

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17. Cat Creek’S Representations and Warranties:

 

a. Cat Creek hereby represents and warrants to Erehwon that it is a limited liability company, duly organized, validly existing and formed under the law in the State of Montana and is qualified to do business in the State of Montana. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly and validly authorized by all requisite action on the part of Cat Creek.

 

18. EREHWON’S Representations and Warranties:

 

a. Erehwon hereby represents and warrants to Lustre that it is a limited liability company, duly organized, validly existing and formed under the law in the State of Colorado and is qualified to do business in the State of Montana. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement have been duly and validly authorized by all requisite action on the part of Erehwon.

 

19. INSURANCE:

 

a. Operator shall cause Erehwon to be named as an additional insured under its comprehensive general liability, control of well, and environmental insurance policies.

 

20. MISCELLANEOUS:

 

a. Governing Law and Venue. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Colorado, excluding any conflict of laws rule or principle that might refer the governance or the construction hereof to another jurisdiction except as to matters and issues subject to laws of all other governmental bodies, including the federal laws and regulations and the State of Montana related to real property interests and to governmental jurisdiction over operations carried on under or pursuant to this Agreement.

 

b. No Partnership. This Agreement is not intended to create, and shall not be construed to create, a relationship of partnership or a joint venture between Lustre, Cat Creek and Erehwon.

 

c. Entire Agreement. With respect to the subject matter hereof, this Agreement, together with all exhibits attached hereto and incorporated herein, shall constitute the full and complete understanding and agreement of the Parties and there are no other understandings, obligations or relationships or agreements written or oral. This Agreement may only be amended by a writing signed by Lustre, Cat Creek and Erehwon.

 

d. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant, or condition of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the provision herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated.

Page 14 of 15

 

e. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by facsimile or by other electronic media in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original instrument, but all of which together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

f. Parties in Interest: This Agreement shall be binding upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the Parties hereto and, except as otherwise prohibited herein, their respective successors and permitted assigns. Subject to Section 4 of this Agreement, nothing contained in this Agreement, either express or implied, is intended to confer upon any other person or entity any benefits, privileges, rights or remedies.

 

g. Further Assurances: After executing this Agreement, the Parties agree to execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be executed, acknowledged and delivered such instruments and take such other action as may be necessary or advisable to carry out their obligations hereunder and under any instrument delivered pursuant hereto.

 

h. Mutually Drafted: The Parties hereto stipulate and agree that this Agreement and the language used in this Agreement are the product of both Parties’ efforts in consultation with their attorneys and other consultants and each Party hereby irrevocably waives the benefit of any rule of contract construction which disfavors the drafter of an agreement or the drafter’s specific language in an agreement.

 

21. TERMINATION OF THE OPTION AGREEMENT:

 

a. Upon the execution and delivery of this Agreement by both Parties, the Option Agreement shall be deemed to have expired and shall be null and void.

 

In witness whereof, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date.

 

EREHWON OIL & GAS, LLC LUSTRE OIL COMPANY LLC
           
By: LARIS OIL & GAS, LLC   By: LAREDO OIL INC.  
  Its sole Member     Its sole Member  
           
By: /s/ John M. Stafford   By: /s/ Mark See  
  John M. Stafford     Mark See  
  President     President  
           
CAT CREEK HOLDINGS LLC      
           
By: /s/ Mark See        
  Mark See        
  President        

Page 15 of 15

 

 

Exhibit 10.2

 

FIRST AMENDMENT TO

ACQUISITION AND PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT

(Lustre-Midfork Prospect)

 

This First Amendment to Acquisition and Participation Agreement (“Agreement”), dated effective as of June 3, 2021 (“Effective Date”), is between and among CAT CREEK HOLDINGS LLC, a Montana limited liability company with an office located at 398 Sage Lane, Winnett, Montana 59087 (“Operator” or “Cat Creek”), LAREDO OIL, INC., a Delaware corporation with an office located at 398 Sage Lane, Winnett, Montana 59087 (“Laredo Oil”) and LUSTRE OIL COMPANY LLC, a Montana limited liability company with an office located at 398 Sage Lane, Winnett, Montana 59087 (“Lustre Oil”) (Laredo Oil and Lustre Oil, collectively with their Representatives “Lustre”) and LARIS OIL & GAS, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company with an office located at 9876 Clairton Way, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80126 (“Laris Oil”) and EREHWON OIL & GAS, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company with an office located at 9876 Clairton Way, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80126 (“Erehwon Oil”), (Laris Oil and Erehwon Oil, collectively with their Representatives “Erehwon”). Erehwon and Lustre may be referred to herein individually as a “Party” or collectively as the “Parties”.

 

RECITALS

 

A. The Parties executed that certain Acquisition and Participation Agreement dated effective as of June 3, 2021 (“APA”).

 

B. The APA named Cat Creek as the Operator in the APA and the Exhibits thereto, including without limitation, the JOA (as defined in the APA) and the exhibits thereto.

 

C. The Parties now desire to amend the Operator named in the APA and the JOA, and the Exhibits to both the APA and the JOA, from Cat Creek to Lustre Oil.

 

AGREEMENT

 

In consideration of the mutual promises contained herein, the benefits to be derived by each Party, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

 

1. CHANGE OF OPERATOR:

 

a. OPERATOR. The Parties hereby agree to amend the Operator named in the APA and the JOA, and all Exhibits to the APA and the JOA, from Cat Creek to Lustre Oil. All references to Cat Creek in the APA and the JOA, and all Exhibits to the APA and the JOA, shall henceforth be deemed to refer to Lustre Oil. To avoid any uncertainty, Cat Creek hereby irrevocably waives and releases any interest it may have had under the APA and the JOA and all Exhibits to the APA and the JOA and shall no longer have any interest in the APA and the JOA and all exhibits to the APA and the JOA.

 

 

b. NO OTHER CHANGES: All other terms and conditions of the APA and the JOA, and all Exhibits to the APA and the JOA, not otherwise amended herein, shall remain in full force and effect.

 

2. MISCELLANEOUS:

 

a. Governing Law and Venue. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Colorado, excluding any conflict of laws rule or principle that might refer the governance or the construction hereof to another jurisdiction except as to matters and issues subject to laws of all other governmental bodies, including the federal laws and regulations and the State of Montana related to real property interests and to governmental jurisdiction over operations carried on under or pursuant to this Agreement.

 

b. No Partnership. This Agreement is not intended to create, and shall not be construed to create, a relationship of partnership or a joint venture between Lustre, Cat Creek and Erehwon.

 

c. Entire Agreement. With respect to the subject matter hereof, this Agreement, together with all exhibits attached hereto and incorporated herein, shall constitute the full and complete understanding and agreement of the Parties and there are no other understandings, obligations or relationships or agreements written or oral. This Agreement may only be amended by a writing signed by Lustre, Cat Creek and Erehwon.

 

d. Severability. If any term, provision, covenant, or condition of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the provision herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated.

 

e. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed by facsimile or by other electronic media in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original instrument, but all of which together shall constitute but one and the same instrument.

 

f. Parties in Interest: This Agreement shall be binding upon, and shall inure to the benefit of, the Parties hereto and, except as otherwise prohibited herein, their respective successors and permitted assigns. Subject to Section 4 of this Agreement, nothing contained in this Agreement, either express or implied, is intended to confer upon any other person or entity any benefits, privileges, rights or remedies.

 

g. Further Assurances: After executing this Agreement, the Parties agree to execute, acknowledge and deliver or cause to be executed, acknowledged and delivered such instruments and take such other action as may be necessary or advisable to carry out their obligations hereunder and under any instrument delivered pursuant hereto.

 

h. Mutually Drafted: The Parties hereto stipulate and agree that this Agreement and the language used in this Agreement are the product of both Parties’ efforts in consultation with their attorneys and other consultants and each Party hereby irrevocably waives the benefit of any rule of contract construction which disfavors the drafter of an agreement or the drafter’s specific language in an agreement.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the Effective Date.

 

EREHWON OIL & GAS, LLC LUSTRE OIL COMPANY LLC
           
By: LARIS OIL & GAS, LLC   By: LAREDO OIL INC.  
  Its sole Member     Its sole Member  
           
By: /s/ John M. Stafford   By: /s/ Mark See  
  John M. Stafford     Mark See  
  President     President  
           
CAT CREEK HOLDINGS LLC      
           
By: /s/ Mark See        
  Mark See        
  President        

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EXHIBIT 10.3

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OPERATING AGREEMENT

 

OF

 

OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

a Montana Limited Liability Company

 

November [•], 2021

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE UNITS IN OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION. NO UNIT MAY BE SOLD, TRANSFERRED, ASSIGNED OR OFFERED FOR SALE (WITHIN THE MEANING OF ANY SECURITIES LAW) UNLESS A REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS WITH RESPECT TO THE UNIT IS THEN IN EFFECT OR AN EXEMPTION FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THOSE LAWS IS THEN APPLICABLE TO THE UNIT. A UNIT ALSO MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED OR ENCUMBERED UNLESS THE PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT AND EACH APPLICABLE AWARD AGREEMENT ARE SATISFIED.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS 1
Section 1.01. Definitions 1
Section 1.02. Construction 11
ARTICLE II ORGANIZATIONAL AND OTHER MATTERS 11
Section 2.01. Formation; Ratification 11
Section 2.02. Name 11
Section 2.03. Limited Liability 11
Section 2.04. Registered Address; Registered Agent; Principal Office; Other Offices 11
Section 2.05. Purposes 11
Section 2.06. Foreign Qualification 12
Section 2.07. Term 12
Section 2.08. No State Law Partnership 12
Section 2.09. Title to Company Assets 12
Section 2.10. No Payments of Individual Obligations 12
Section 2.11. Superseding Effect 12
ARTICLE III UNITS; MEMBERS; REPRESENTATIONS 12
Section 3.01. Units Generally 12
Section 3.02. Units; Members 12
Section 3.03. Unit Certificates 13
Section 3.04. Conflicts of Interest 13
Section 3.05. Representations and Warranties 14
ARTICLE IV CERTAIN AGREEMENTS OF THE COMPANY AND THE MEMBERS 16
Section 4.01. Books, Records and Access 16
Section 4.02. Tax Returns and Forms 16
Section 4.03. Tax Partnership 16
Section 4.04. Tax Elections 16
Section 4.05. Partnership Representative 17
Section 4.06. Combined Tax Groups 17
Section 4.07. Bank Accounts 17

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ARTICLE V CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS 17
Section 5.01. Initial Capital Contributions of Members; Initial Unit Issuances 17
Section 5.02. Further Capital Contributions 18
Section 5.03. Withdrawal of Capital 19
Section 5.04. Capital Accounts 20
Section 5.05. Funding of Contributions 20
ARTICLE VI ALLOCATIONS 20
Section 6.01. Allocations of Profits and Losses 20
Section 6.02. Special Tax Allocations 20
Section 6.03. Income Tax Allocations 22
Section 6.04. Income Tax Allocations with Respect to Depletable Properties 23
Section 6.05. Other Allocation Rules 23
ARTICLE VII DISTRIBUTIONS 24
Section 7.01. Distributions 24
Section 7.02. Distributions in Kind 24
Section 7.03. Tax Distributions 24
Section 7.04. Withholding 25
Section 7.05. Limitations on Distribution 25
ARTICLE VIII ACTIONS BY MEMBERS 25
Section 8.01. Meetings 25
Section 8.02. Place of Meetings 25
Section 8.03. Notice of Meetings; Waiver of Notice Through Attendance 25
Section 8.04. Record Date 26
Section 8.05. Quorum 26
Section 8.06. Proxies 26
Section 8.07. Action by Members Without a Meeting 26
Section 8.08. Waiver of Notice 26
Section 8.09. Conduct of Meetings 26
Section 8.10. No Power to Manage 26
ARTICLE IX MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY 27

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Section 9.01. Management 27
Section 9.02. Manager 27
Section 9.03. Officers 28
Section 9.04. Actions Requiring Approval of a Majority 28
Section 9.05. Reimbursements 29
Section 9.06. Grant of Authority 29
ARTICLE X INDEMNIFICATION 29
Section 10.01. Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings 29
Section 10.02. Authorization of Indemnification 29
Section 10.03. Expenses Payable in Advance 30
Section 10.04. Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses 30
Section 10.05. Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses 30
Section 10.06. Limitation on Indemnification 30
Section 10.07. Indemnification of Employees and Agents 30
Section 10.08. Severability 31
Section 10.09. Standard of Care; Limitation of Liability 31
Section 10.10. Indemnitor of First Resort 32
Section 10.11. Insurance 32
ARTICLE XI TRANSFER OF UNITS 33
Section 11.01. Approved Sale 33
Section 11.02. Transfer and Exchange 34
Section 11.03. Substituted Members 34
ARTICLE XII LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFERS 35
Section 12.01. Restrictions on Transfer 35
Section 12.02. Restrictive Legend 35
Section 12.03. Spouses 36
Section 12.04. Termination of Certain Restrictions 36
ARTICLE XIII ISSUANCE OF ADDITIONAL UNITS 37
Section 13.01. Issuance of Additional Units 37
Section 13.02. Preemptive Rights 37

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ARTICLE XIV DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION 38
Section 14.01. Dissolution 38
Section 14.02. Effect of Dissolution 38
Section 14.03. Liquidation Upon Dissolution 38
Section 14.04. Negative Capital Accounts 39
Section 14.05. Winding Up and Certificate of Cancellation 39
ARTICLE XV MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 39
Section 15.01. Notices 39
Section 15.02. Governing Law 39
Section 15.03. Arbitration 39
Section 15.04. Waiver of Jury Trial 40
Section 15.05. Entire Agreement; Amendments 40
Section 15.06. Confidentiality 41
Section 15.07. Waiver 42
Section 15.08. Severability 42
Section 15.09. Ownership of Property and Right of Partition 42
Section 15.10. Further Assurances 42
Section 15.11. Parties in Interest 42
Section 15.12. Specific Performance 43
Section 15.13. Counterparts 43
Section 15.14. Publicity 43
Section 15.15. Legal Counsel 43
Section 15.16. No Presumption Against Drafting Party 43

iv

 

EXHIBITS

 

EXHIBIT A MEMBERS
EXHIBIT B CONSENT OF SPOUSE
EXHIBIT C ADOPTION AGREEMENT

v

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OPERATING AGREEMENT

 

This AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OPERATING AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) of Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC, a Montana limited liability company (the “Company”), dated effective as of November [•], 2021 (the “Effective Date”), is adopted, executed and agreed to by Laredo Oil, Inc., a Delaware limited liability company (“Laredo”), the Company, and the Members (as defined below) that are signatories hereto or that execute an Adoption Agreement (as defined below) after the Effective Date.

 

RECITALS

 

WHEREAS, the Company has been formed as a limited liability company under the Montana Limited Liability Company Act (as it may be amended from the time to time, the “Act”) by filing articles of organization with the Secretary of State of the State of Montana on November [•], 2021 (as amended, the “Articles”);

 

WHEREAS, effective October [•], 2021, Laredo entered into that limited liability company operating agreement of the Company (the “Original Agreement”) as the sole member of the Company;

 

WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire for this Agreement to amend and restate the Original Agreement in its entirety;

 

WHEREAS, each of the undersigned Members have entered into a Subscription Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, whereby the Members have agreed to purchase or be granted Units, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein and therein; and

 

WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to admit to the Company as Members certain parties not previously admitted as Members as provided herein.

 

AGREEMENT

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, the covenants and provisions hereinafter contained and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Members hereby amend and restate the Original Agreement in its entirety and further agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

 

Section 1.01. Definitions. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the following meanings:

 

“Accredited Investor” has the meaning set forth in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.

 

“Act” has the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

 

“Adjusted Capital Account” means the Capital Account maintained for each Member, (a) increased by any amounts that such Member is obligated to restore or is treated as obligated to restore under Treasury Regulation Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(c), 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5), and (b) decreased by any amounts described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6) with respect to such Member. The foregoing definition of “Adjusted Capital Account” is intended to comply with the provisions of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and 1.704-2 and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

“Adoption Agreement” means an agreement between the Company and a newly-admitted Member substantially in the form of Exhibit C or any other form approved by the Manager. 

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“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any Person directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controlling, Controlled by or under common Control with such Person.

 

“Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this document.

 

“Allocation Period” means the period (a) commencing on the date hereof or, for any Allocation Period other than the first Allocation Period, the day following the end of a prior Allocation Period and (b) ending (i) on the last day of each Fiscal Year, (ii) the day preceding any day in which an adjustment to the Book Value of the Company’s properties pursuant to clause (b)(i), (b)(ii), (b)(iii) or (b)(v) of the definition of Book Value occurs, (iii) immediately after any day in which an adjustment to the Book Value of the Company’s properties pursuant to clause (b)(iv) of the definition of Book Value occurs or (iv) on any other date determined by the Manager.

 

“Applicable Law” means any federal, state, local or municipal statute, law, rule or regulation, or any judgment, award, order, ordinance, writ, injunction or decree of any governmental authority to which a specified Person is subject.

 

“Approved Sale” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.01(a).

 

“Articles” has the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

 

“Book Liability Value” means with respect to any liability of the Company described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.752 -7(b)(3)(i), the amount of cash that a willing assignor would pay to a willing assignee to assume such liability in an arm’s-length transaction. The Book Liability Value of each liability of the Company described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.752-7(b)(3)(i) shall be adjusted at such times as provided in this Agreement for an adjustment to Book Values.

 

“Book Value” means, with respect to any property of the Company, such property’s adjusted basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except as follows:

 

(a)                The initial Book Value of any property contributed by a Member to the Company shall be the Fair Market Value of such property as of the date of such contribution.

 

(b)                 The Book Values of all properties shall be adjusted to equal their respective Fair Market Values in connection with (i) the acquisition of an interest (or additional interest) in the Company by any new or existing Member in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution to the Company or in exchange for the performance of more than a de minimis amount of services to or for the benefit of the Company, (ii) the distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of property as consideration for an interest in the Company, (iii) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g)(1) (other than pursuant to Code Section 708(b)(1)(B)), (iv) the acquisition of an interest in the Company by any new or existing Member upon the exercise of a noncompensatory option in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(s), or (v) any other event to the extent determined by the Manager to be permitted and necessary to properly reflect Book Values in accordance with the standards set forth in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(q); provided, however, that adjustments pursuant to clauses (b)(i), (b)(ii) and (b)(iv) above shall be made only if the Manager reasonably determines that such adjustments are necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Member in the Company. If any noncompensatory options are outstanding upon the occurrence of an event described in clauses (b)(i) through (b)(v) above, the Company shall adjust the Book Values of its properties in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(h)(2). 

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(c)                The Book Value of property distributed to a Member shall be adjusted to equal the Fair Market Value of such property as of the date of such distribution.

 

(d)                 The Book Value of all property shall be increased (or decreased) to reflect any adjustments to the adjusted basis of such property pursuant to Code Section 734(b) or 743(b) (including any such adjustments pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.734-2(b)(1)), but only to the extent that such adjustments are taken into account in determining Capital Accounts pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m) and clause (g) of the definition of Profits or Losses or Section 6.02(h); provided, however, that the Book Value of property shall not be adjusted pursuant to this clause  (d)   to the extent that the Manager reasonably determines an adjustment pursuant to clause (b) is necessary or appropriate in connection with a transaction that would otherwise result in an adjustment pursuant to this clause (d).

 

(e)                 If the Book Value of property has been determined or adjusted pursuant to clauses (a), (b)  or (d) of this definition, such Book Value shall thereafter be adjusted by the Depreciation taken into account with respect to such property for purposes of computing Profits, Losses and other items allocated pursuant to ARTICLE VI and Simulated Depletion.

 

“Business Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in Denver, Colorado are authorized or required by Applicable Law to be closed.

 

“Capital Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.04(a).

 

“Capital Contribution” means, with respect to any Member, the amount of money and the initial Book Value of any property (other than money) contributed to the Company by such Member, in accordance with ARTICLE V (net of liabilities secured by such contributed property that the Company is considered to assume or take subject to). Any reference to the Capital Contributions of a Member will include the Capital Contributions made by a predecessor holder of such Member’s Units to the extent the Capital Contribution was made in respect of Units Transferred to such Member.

 

“Capital Expenditures” means costs and expenses associated with the acquisition, development or redevelopment of any fixed or capital assets of the Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries which, consistent with the accounting principles that are used in keeping the Company’s books and preparing its tax returns, are capitalized and subject to depreciation or amortization.

 

“Capital Interest Percentage” means, at any time of determination and as to any Member, the percentage of the total distributions to all Members that would be made to such Member if all the assets of the Company were sold for their respective Book Values, all liabilities of the Company were paid in accordance with their terms (limited in the case of non-recourse liabilities to the Book Value of the property securing such liabilities), all items of Company Profit, Loss, income, gain, loss and deduction were allocated to the Members in accordance with ARTICLE VI, and the resulting net proceeds were distributed to the Members in accordance with ARTICLE XIV; provided, however, that the Manager may determine that the Members’ Capital Interest Percentages should be determined based upon a hypothetical sale of the assets of the Company for their respective Fair Market Values (instead of Book Values) in order to ensure that such percentages correspond to the Members’ proportionate interests in partnership capital as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.613A-3(e)(2)(ii). The foregoing definition of Capital Interest Percentage is intended to result in a percentage for each Member that corresponds with the Member’s “proportionate interest in partnership capital” as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.613A-3(e)(2)(ii), and Capital Interest Percentage shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 

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“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Commitment Amount” means, with respect to each Member, the amount set forth opposite his, her or its name in Exhibit A under the heading “Commitment Amount,” as such amount may be reduced or increased in accordance with this Agreement.

 

“Commitment Period” means the period beginning on the Effective Date and ending on the earliest to occur of: (a) payment by the Company of the NPI Expenses, (b) the occurrence of a Liquidity Event, or (c) the commencement of a bankruptcy, winding-up or similar insolvency proceeding involving the Company (or any Subsidiary of the Company).

 

“Commitment Ratio” means with respect to each Member, his, her or its Remaining Commitment Amount divided by the sum of all Remaining Commitment Amounts of all Members.

 

“Company” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

 

Company Expenses” means all direct or indirect costs and expenses that the Manager or its Affiliates may reasonably incur in connection with the operation, management, and supervision of the Company’s business and affairs, including for example, all legal and accounting expenses.

 

“Compensatory Membership Interest” means an interest in the Company that is described in proposed Treasury Regulation Section 1.721-1(b)(3), or any successor provision.

 

“Confidential Information” means, without limitation and regardless of whether such information or materials are expressly identified as confidential or proprietary, (a) any and all non-public, confidential or proprietary information or work product of a Person, (b) any information of a Person that gives such Person a competitive business advantage or the opportunity of obtaining such advantage, (c) any information of a Person the disclosure or improper use of which could be detrimental to the interests of such Person, (d) any trade secret of a Person, and (e) any other information of a Person, including information regarding any of such Person’s businesses, operations, assets, liabilities, properties, landowner information, geological or engineering studies, systems, methods, models, processes, results, performance, investments, investors, financial affairs, future plans, business prospects, acquisition or investment opportunities, strategies, business partners, business relationships, contracts, contractual relationships, organizational or personnel matters, policies or procedures, management or compensation matters, compliance or regulatory matters, as well as any technical, industry, market or other data, studies or research, or any forecasts, projections, seismic, valuations, derivations or other analyses, performed, generated, collected, gathered, synthesized, purchased or owned by, or otherwise in the possession of, such Person. Confidential Information also includes any non-public, confidential or proprietary information about, or belonging to, any third party that has been entrusted to a Person. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information does not include: (i) any information that is in the public domain on the Effective Date or subsequently enters the public domain other than as the result of an unauthorized disclosure by the receiving party or any of its representatives in breach hereof; (ii) information that the parties mutually agree in writing to release from the terms of this Agreement; and (iii) material independently developed by the receiving party or its representatives, as established by documentary evidence, without use of or reference to Confidential Information.

 

“Control” (including the correlative terms “Controlled by” and “Controlling”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct, or to cause the direction of, the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, as trustee or executor, as general partner or managing member, by contract or otherwise.

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“Covered Person” means (a) each current and former (i) Member and each of its Affiliates (excluding, for purposes of this definition, the Company and its Subsidiaries), and its and their respective officers, directors, partners, stockholders, managers, members and employees, (ii) the Manager and each of its Affiliates (excluding, for purposes of this definition, the Company and its Subsidiaries), and its and their respective officers, directors, partners, stockholders, managers, members and employees, and (iii) Officer (solely in such Person’s capacity as an Officer) and (b) each Person not identified in clause (a) of this definition who is a current or former manager, director or officer of any Subsidiary of the Company or who served in such a capacity (in each case, solely in such Person’s capacity as such) for any other entity or enterprise at the request of the Company, in each case of clause (a) or (b) of this definition, whether or not such Person continues to have the applicable status and whom, except in the case of a Person described in clauses (a)(i) and (a)(ii) of this definition, the Manager expressly designates as a Covered Person in a written resolution.

 

“Cumulative Assumed Tax Liability” means, with respect to any Member as of any Fiscal Year, the product of (a) the U.S. federal taxable income (other than taxable income incurred in connection with (i) a Liquidity Event or an Approved Sale, (ii) the receipt of a guaranteed payment for services by such Member, or (iii) the forfeiture or repurchase of Units from such Member or another Member allocated by the Company to such Member in such Fiscal Year and all prior Fiscal Years, less the U.S. federal taxable loss allocated by the Company to such Member in such Fiscal Year and all prior Fiscal Years (taking into account for purposes of clause (a), (x) items determined at the Member level with respect to Depletable Properties owned by the Company, as if such items were allocated at the Company level and (y) any applicable limitations on the deductibility of capital losses); multiplied by (b) the highest applicable U.S. federal, state and local income tax rate (including any tax rate imposed on “net investment income” by Section 1411 of the Code) applicable to an individual or, if higher, a corporation, resident in New York, New York with respect to the character of U.S. federal taxable income or loss allocated by the Company to such Member (e.g., capital gains or losses, dividends, ordinary income, etc.) during each applicable Fiscal Year.

 

“Defaulting Member” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.02(d).

 

“Defaulting Portion” means, with respect to a Defaulting Member, a percentage equal to (a) the portion of the amount validly called for by the Manager pursuant to Section 5.02(a) that the Defaulting Member has failed to fund when due, divided by (b) the Commitment Amount of such Defaulting Member.

 

“Depletable Property” means each separate oil and gas property as defined in Code Section 614.

 

“Depreciation” means, for each Allocation Period, an amount equal to the depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction (excluding depletion) allowable for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to property for such Allocation Period, except that (a) with respect to any such property the Book Value of which differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes and which difference is being eliminated by use of the “remedial allocation method” pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-3(d), Depreciation for such Allocation Period shall be the amount of book basis recovered for such Allocation Period under the rules prescribed by Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-3(d)(2), and (b) with respect to any other such property the Book Value of which differs from its adjusted tax basis at the beginning of such Allocation Period, Depreciation shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such beginning Book Value as the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such Allocation Period bears to such beginning adjusted tax basis; provided, however , that if the adjusted tax basis of any property at the beginning of such Allocation Period is zero dollars ($0.00), Depreciation with respect to such property shall be determined with reference to such beginning value using any reasonable method selected by the Manager.

 

“Distributable Property” means the excess of cash and property on hand over the amount that the Manager determines is required to be retained as a reserve to meet any liabilities or proposed expenditures of the Company and its Subsidiaries that are (a) accrued or reasonably foreseeable or (b) otherwise reasonably necessary to be retained. 

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“Economic Risk of Loss” has the meaning set forth in Treasury Regulation Section 1.752-2(a).

 

“Effective Date” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

 

“Equity Securities” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.02(a).

 

“Excepted Liens” means: (a) liens for taxes, assessments or other governmental charges or levies not yet due or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate action and if reserves adequate under the same accounting principles as are used in keeping the Company’s books and preparing its tax returns shall have been established therefor; (b) legal or equitable encumbrances deemed to exist by reason of the existence of any litigation or any other legal proceeding or arising out of a judgment or award with respect to which an appeal is being prosecuted in good faith and if reserves adequate under the Company’s accounting principles shall have been established therefor; (c) vendors’, carriers’, warehousemen’s, repairmen’s, mechanics’, workmen’s, materialmen’s construction or other like liens arising by operation of law in the ordinary course of business or incident to the construction or improvement of any interest in any kind of property or asset, whether real, personal or mixed, or tangible or intangible, or operator and non-operator liens under joint operating agreements in respect of obligations which are not yet due or which are contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and if reserves adequate under the Company’s accounting principles shall have been established therefor; and (d)  servitudes, easements, restrictions, rights of way and other similar rights or liens in real or immovable property or any interest therein, provided the same do not materially impair the use of such property for the purposes for which it is held.

 

“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Fair Market Value” of any property means, as of the time of determination, the then fair market value of such property as determined in good faith by the Manager, which determination shall be conclusive for all purposes.

 

“Family Member” means, with respect to a Member that is an individual, a spouse, lineal ancestor, lineal descendant, legally adopted child, brother or sister of such Member, or lineal descendant or legally adopted child of a brother or sister of such Member.

 

“Fiscal Year” means the fiscal year of the Company, which shall end on December 31 of each calendar year unless, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, another fiscal year is required or the Manager designates another permitted fiscal year. Unless otherwise determined by the Manager, the Company shall have the same fiscal year for U.S. federal income tax purposes and for accounting purposes.

 

“HSR Act” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.02(f).

 

“Initial Capital Contribution” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(a).

 

“Laredo” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this document.

 

“Laredo Indemnitees” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.10.

 

“Laredo Indemnitors” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.10.

 

“Laredo Initial Capital Contribution Amount” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(b).

 

“Liquidity Event” means the occurrence of any of the following: (a) a merger, business combination or consolidation of the Company with a third party following which the Members or their respective Affiliates immediately preceding such merger, business combination or consolidation do not hold a majority of the equity interests of the Person surviving or resulting from such merger, business combination or consolidation; (b) the sale or disposition, whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company (together with all of its Subsidiaries) to a third party followed promptly by the dissolution or liquidation of the Company; (c) the Transfer to a third party, whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions, of more than seventy- five (75%) of the Units (by merger, exchange, consolidation or otherwise); or (d) the winding up, dissolution or liquidation of the Company.

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“Majority” means the holders of at least 51% of the then outstanding Units.

 

“Manager” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.01(a).

 

“Member” means any Person that holds one or more Units (but not any Affiliate or entity in which such Person has an equity interest) executing this Agreement as of the Effective Date as a member, or hereafter admitted to the Company as a member in accordance with this Agreement, but such term does not include any Person who has ceased to be a member of the Company.

 

“Member Nonrecourse Debt” has the meaning assigned to the term “partner nonrecourse debt” in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(b)(4).

 

“Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain” has the meaning assigned to the term “partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain” in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(2).

 

“Member Nonrecourse Deduction” has the meaning assigned to the term “partner nonrecourse deduction” in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(1).

 

“Minimum Gain” has the meaning assigned to that term in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.704-2(b)(2) and 1.704-2(d).

 

“New Equity Securities” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.02(b).

 

“Nonrecourse Deduction” has the meaning assigned to that term in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(b).

 

NPI Agreement” means that certain Net Profits Interest Agreement dated November [•], 2021, by and among Lustre Oil Company LLC, Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC, and the Company, as amended from time to time.

 

NPI Expenses” means the “Well Development Costs” to be paid by the Company in performance of Section 2 of the NPI Agreement.

 

“Officers” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.03.

 

“Original Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

 

“Other Investments” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.04(a).

 

“Partnership Representative” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05.

 

“Permitted Transferee” means, with respect to any Member, (a) a trust for estate planning purposes solely for the benefit of such Member or such Member’s Family Members of which the Transferring Member is the sole trustee, (b) a corporation, partnership or limited liability company which is, and at all times shall continue to be, wholly owned and controlled by such Member or such Member’s Family Members, (c) upon disability of such individual, to such individual’s legal guardian or (d) upon the death of such individual, to such individual’s executor, administrator or testamentary or inter vivos trustee or to such individual’s Family Members.

 

“Person” means any natural person, corporation, limited partnership, general partnership, limited liability company, joint stock company, joint venture, association, company, estate, trust, bank trust company, land trust, business trust, or other organization, whether or not a legal entity, custodian, trustee- executor, administrator, nominee or entity in a representative capacity and any government or agency or political subdivision thereof.

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“Proceeding” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01.

 

“Profits” or “Losses” means, for each Allocation Period, an amount equal to the Company’s taxable income or loss for such period, determined in accordance with Code Section 703(a) (for this purpose, all items of income, gain, loss, or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to Code Section 703(a)(1) shall be included in taxable income or loss), with the following adjustments (without duplication):

 

(a)                any income of the Company that is exempt from U.S. federal income tax and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits and Losses pursuant to this definition of “Profits” and “Losses” shall be added to such taxable income or loss;

 

(b)                any expenditures of the Company described in Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) or treated as Code Section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(i), and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profits or Losses pursuant to this definition of “Profits” and “Losses,” shall be subtracted from such taxable income or loss;

 

(c)                 in the event the Book Value of any asset is adjusted pursuant to clause (b) or clause (c) of the definition of Book Value, the amount of such adjustment shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the Book Value of the asset) or an item of loss (if the adjustment decreases the Book Value of the asset) from the disposition of such asset and shall, except to the extent allocated pursuant to Section 6.02, be taken into account for purposes of computing Profits or Losses;

 

(d)                in the event the Book Liability Value of any liability of the Company described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.752-7(b)(3)(i) is adjusted as required by this Agreement, the amount of such adjustment shall be treated as an item of loss (if the adjustment increases the Book Liability Value of such liability of the Company) or an item of gain (if the adjustment decreases the Book Liability Value of such liability of the Company) and shall be taken into account for purposes of computing Profits or Losses;

 

(e)                gain or loss resulting from any disposition of property (other than Depletable Property) with respect to which gain or loss is recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes shall be computed by reference to the Book Value of the property disposed of, notwithstanding that the adjusted tax basis of such property differs from its Book Value;

 

(f)                 gain or loss resulting from any disposition of a Depletable Property with respect to which gain or loss is recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes shall be treated as being equal to the corresponding Simulated Gain or Simulated Loss;

 

(g)                in lieu of the depreciation, amortization, and other cost recovery deductions taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss, there shall be taken into account Depreciation;

 

(h)                to the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any asset pursuant to Code Section 734(b) is required, pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m), to be taken into account in determining Capital Account balances as a result of a distribution other than in liquidation of a Member’s interest in the Company, the amount of such adjustment shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or an item of loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis) from the disposition of such asset and shall be taken into account for purposes of computing Profits or Losses; and 

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(i)                  any items that are allocated pursuant to Section 6.02 shall be determined by applying rules analogous to those set forth in clauses (a) through (h) hereof but shall not be taken into account in computing Profits and Losses.

 

“Remaining Commitment Amount” means, at the time of determination, with respect to each Member, its Commitment Amount less all Capital Contributions made (and all unfunded Capital Contributions, if any, required to be made pursuant to previous capital calls) by such Member prior to such time.

 

“Renounced Business Opportunity” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.04(c).

 

“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, and the rules and regulations thereunder as in effect from time to time.

 

“Sharing Percentage” means, as to any Member, as of the time of determination, the percentage obtained by dividing the number of Units held by such Member by the total number of issued and outstanding Units held by all of the Members at the time in question.

 

“Simulated Basis” means the Book Value of any Depletable Property. The Simulated Basis of each Depletable Property shall be allocated to the Members in accordance with each Member’s Capital Interest Percentage as of the time such Depletable Property is acquired by the Company (and any additions to such Simulated Basis resulting from expenditures required to be capitalized in such Simulated Basis shall be allocated among the Members in a manner designed to cause the Members’ proportionate shares of such Simulated Basis to be in accordance with their Capital Interest Percentages as determined at the time of any such additions), and shall be reallocated among the Members in accordance with the Members’ Capital Interest Percentages as determined immediately following the occurrence of an event giving rise to an adjustment to the Book Values of the Company’s Depletable Properties pursuant to clause (b) of the definition of Book Value.

 

“Simulated Depletion” means, with respect to each Depletable Property, a depletion allowance computed in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles (as if the Simulated Basis of the property were its adjusted tax basis) and in the manner specified in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(k )(2). For purposes of computing Simulated Depletion with respect to any Depletable Property, the Simulated Basis of such property shall be deemed to be the Book Value of such property, and in no event shall such allowance, in the aggregate, exceed such Simulated Basis.

 

“Simulated Gain” means the amount of gain realized from the sale or other disposition of Depletable Property as calculated in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(k)(2).

 

“Simulated Loss” means the amount of loss realized from the sale or other disposition of Depletable Property as calculated in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(k)(2).

 

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person: (a) any corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other business entity of which a majority of the equity interests entitled to vote under ordinary circumstances in the election of directors (or in the selection of any other similar governing body in the case of an entity other than a corporation) are at the time owned or Controlled by such Person or by one or more of the other direct or indirect Subsidiaries of such Person or a combination thereof (regardless of whether, at the time, equity interests of any other class or classes shall have, or might have, voting power by reason of the occurrence of any contingency); (b) a partnership in which such Person or any direct or indirect Subsidiary of such Person is a general partner; or (c) a limited liability company in which such Person or any direct or indirect Subsidiary of such Person is a managing member or manager. 

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“Substituted Member” means a Person who is admitted as a Member to the Company pursuant to Section 11.03(b) in place of and with the rights of a Member and who is shown as a Member on the books and records of the Company.

 

“Tax” or “Taxes” means any tax, charge, fee, levy, deficiency or other assessment of whatever kind or nature, including but not limited to, any net income, gross income, profits, gross receipts, excise, or withholding tax imposed by or on behalf of any government authority, together with any interest, penalties or additions to tax.

 

“Tax Distribution” means, with respect to any Member for any Fiscal Year, the excess, if any, of (a) the Cumulative Assumed Tax Liability of such Member as of such Fiscal Year, over (b) the amount of distributions made to such Member pursuant to Section 7.01(b) during such Fiscal Year and all prior Fiscal Years, plus the amount of distributions made to such Member pursuant to Section 7.03 with respect to all prior Fiscal Years.

 

“Tax Distribution Date” means, with respect to each Fiscal Year, the first March 15 following the end of such Fiscal Year.

 

“Transfer” means the sale, assignment, encumbrance, pledge, hypothecation, conveyance, distribution, transfer or other voluntary disposition (by gift or otherwise, and whether as security or otherwise) by a Member of all or a portion of his, her or its Units, whether effected directly or indirectly, including rights to vote and to receive dividends or other income with respect thereto. For purposes of this definition, “Transfer” of a Unit includes (a) the sale, assignment, encumbrance, pledge, hypothecation, conveyance, distribution, transfer or other voluntary disposition (by gift or otherwise, and whether as security or otherwise) of an equity interest in any Person substantially all of the assets of which consist, directly or indirectly, of Units, or (b) the merger or consolidation of a Member, or of any Person referred to in clause (a), with another Person. “Transferor,” “Transferee,” “Transferred” and “Transferring” have meanings corresponding to the foregoing.

 

“Treasury Regulations” means the final or temporary regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of the Treasury under the Code.

 

Trigger Event” shall have occurred if the Initial Manager (or any of its officers) is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to have: (a) committed (or enters a plea of nolo contendere to having committed) embezzlement, fraud or any other act involving material improper personal benefit against the Company or its assets; (b) committed a felony; (c) engaged in conduct that amounts to gross negligence, recklessness, or willful malfeasance with respect to the Company or its assets; (d) willfully breached this Agreement, which breach remains uncured as of the date of such finding, in a manner that has a material adverse effect on the Company; or (e) knowingly violated any law in a manner that has a material adverse effect on the Company.

 

“Unit” means a membership interest in the Company representing a fractional part of the limited liability company interests in the Company of all the Members; provided, however, that any class or group of Units issued shall have the relative rights, powers and duties set forth in this Agreement and the equity interest represented by such class or group of Units shall be determined in accordance with such relative rights, powers and duties set forth in this Agreement.

 

“Unreturned Capital Contributions” means, with respect to each Unit, as of the time of determination, the cumulative Capital Contributions made in respect of such Unit, less the cumulative amount of all prior distributions made in respect of such Unit pursuant to Section 7.01(a) as of such time.

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Section 1.02. Construction. Whenever the context requires, the gender of all words used in this Agreement includes the masculine, feminine, and neuter. All references to Articles and Sections refer to articles and sections of this Agreement, all references to Exhibits are to Exhibits attached to this Agreement, each of which is made a part of this Agreement for all purposes and all references to “including” shall be construed as meaning “including without limitation.” All references to dollars refer to United States dollars. The words “hereof,” “hereto,” “hereby,” “herein,” “hereunder” and words of similar import, when used in this Agreement, shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular section or article in which such words appear. The word “or” shall not be exclusive. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to laws, regulations, contracts, agreements and instruments refer to such laws, regulations, contracts, agreements and instruments as in effect at the time of determination (taking into account any amendments thereto effective at such time without regard to whether such amendments were enacted or adopted after the Effective Date), and references to particular provisions of laws or regulations include a reference to the corresponding provisions of any succeeding law or regulation. The Table of Contents and the Article, Section and Exhibit titles and headings in this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement. The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “shall.” References to days mean calendar days unless otherwise specified.

 

ARTICLE II

ORGANIZATIONAL AND OTHER MATTERS

 

Section 2.01.        Formation; Ratification.

 

(a)                The Company was organized as a Montana limited liability company in accordance with the Act by the filing of the Articles in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Montana on October [•], 2021. The rights and obligations of the Members and the administration and termination of the Company shall be governed by this Agreement and the Act. This Agreement is the “operating agreement” of the Company within the meaning of the Act. To the extent that this Agreement is inconsistent in any respect with the Act, this Agreement will control except to the extent provided in Section 10.08 and Section 15.08.

 

(b)                The Members hereby ratify any and all acts taken or caused to be taken by Laredo and its Affiliates in the name of or on behalf of the Company prior to the date hereof.

 

Section 2.02.      Name. The name of the Company is “Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC” and the business of the Company shall be conducted under that name, or under any other name adopted by the Manager from time to time in accordance with the Act.

 

Section 2.03.      Limited Liability. The debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, shall be the debts, obligations and liabilities solely of the Company, and no Member shall be obligated personally for any of such debts, obligations or liabilities solely by reason of being a Member.

 

Section 2.04.      Registered Address; Registered Agent; Principal Office; Other Offices. The registered address of the Company in the State of Montana required to be maintained by the Act shall be the initial registered address designated in the Articles or such other office (which need not be a place of business of the Company) as the Manager may designate from time to time in any manner provided by Applicable Law. The registered agent of the Company in the State of Montana shall be the initial registered agent designated in the Articles or such other Person or Persons as the Manager may designate from time to time in the manner provided by the Act. The principal office of the Company shall be at such place as the Manager may designate from time to time. The Company may have such other offices as the Manager may determine appropriate.

 

Section 2.05.      Purposes. Unless otherwise determined by the Manager at any time, the purposes of the Company are acquiring, developing, owning and operating oil and gas assets and mineral rights, or any other activities approved by the Manager, and to engage in any activities necessary, appropriate, desirable, ancillary, convenient or incidental thereto that are permitted by the Act and the Manager. 

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Section 2.06.      Foreign Qualification. Prior to conducting business in any jurisdiction other than the State of Montana, the Manager shall cause the Company to comply, to the extent procedures are available, with all requirements necessary to qualify the Company as a foreign limited liability company in such jurisdiction. Each Member shall execute, acknowledge, swear to and deliver all certificates and other instruments conforming to this Agreement that are necessary or appropriate to qualify, or, as appropriate, to continue or terminate such qualification of, the Company as a foreign limited liability company in all such jurisdictions in which the Company may conduct business.

 

Section 2.07.      Term. The Company commenced on the date the Articles were filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Montana and shall continue in existence until it is liquidated or dissolved in accordance with this Agreement and the Act.

 

Section 2.08.      No State Law Partnership. The Members intend that the Company not be a partnership (including a limited partnership) or joint venture, and that no Member be a partner or joint venturer of any other Member, for any purposes other than federal and state tax purposes, and this Agreement may not be construed to suggest otherwise.

 

Section 2.09.      Title to Company Assets. Title to the Company’s assets, whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible, shall be deemed to be owned by the Company as an entity, and no Member, Manager, or Officer shall have any ownership interest in such Company assets. Title to any or all of the Company assets may be held in the name of the Company or one or more of its Subsidiaries or one or more nominees, as the Manager may determine. All Company assets shall be recorded as the property of the Company in its books and records, irrespective of the name in which record title to such Company assets is held.

 

Section 2.10.      No Payments of Individual Obligations. The Members shall use the Company’s credit and assets solely for the benefit of the Company. Subject to Section 14.03(a), no asset of the Company shall be Transferred for or in payment of any individual obligation of any Member.

 

Section 2.11.      Superseding Effect. This Agreement amends, restates and supersedes the Original Agreement in its entirety. The Original Agreement shall no longer have any force or effect on or after the Effective Date.

 

ARTICLE III

UNITS; MEMBERS; REPRESENTATIONS

 

Section 3.01.      Units Generally. The Units shall be a single class of units.

 

Section 3.02.      Units; Members. Subject to Section 13.01 and Section 13.02, the Manager shall have the authority to issue, on behalf of the Company and subject to the remainder of this Section 3.02, an unlimited number of Units. The identity of all of the Members as of the Effective Date and their respective Commitment Amounts, Commitment Ratios and Remaining Commitment Amounts, the number and issue date of the Units held by each Member, and the Sharing Percentage of each Member are reflected on Exhibit A, which shall be amended as necessary by the Manager to reflect any changes in such information. Units may be issued, and the Persons to whom such Units are issued, if not already Members, may be admitted as additional Members only after, in each case (i) the approval of the Manager and (ii) such Person executes an Adoption Agreement and any other agreements and instruments in such form and substance as the Manager may deem necessary or desirable to effect such admission. The Company shall amend Exhibit A from time to time solely with the approval of the Manager so that it reflects a true and complete list of the Members, their respective Commitment Amounts, Commitment Ratios and Remaining Commitment Amounts, the number and issue date of the Units held by each Member and the Sharing Percentage of each Member. 

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Section 3.03.      Unit Certificates. Units may be (but need not be) represented by certificates in such form as the Manager shall from time to time approve, but shall be recorded in a register thereof maintained by the Company. If the Manager elects to certificate the Units and a mutilated Unit certificate is surrendered to the Company or if a Member claims and submits an affidavit or other evidence, satisfactory to the Manager, to the effect that the Unit certificate has been lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken, the Company shall issue a replacement Unit certificate if the requirements of the Manager are met. If required by the Manager, such Member must provide an indemnity bond, or other form of indemnity, sufficient in the judgment of the Manager to protect the Company against any loss which may be suffered. The Company may charge such Member for its reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in replacing a Unit certificate which has been mutilated, lost, destroyed or wrongfully taken. Units issued as of the Effective Date are not represented by certificates.

 

Section 3.04.      Conflicts of Interest.

 

(a)           Generally. Each Member acknowledges that Laredo, its Affiliates and their respective officers, directors, shareholders, partners, members, agents and employees (collectively, the “Laredo Business Opportunities Group”) have participated (directly or indirectly) and may or will continue to participate (directly or indirectly) as investors, officers, directors, shareholders, partners, members, sponsors, agents and employees in assets, corporations, joint ventures, limited liability companies, general partnerships, limited partnerships and other entities, involved in the acquisition, development, ownership and operation of oil and gas assets (“Other Investments”), including oil and gas leasehold and other mineral rights, and may develop or become aware of business opportunities for Other Investments.

 

(b)           Waiver of Conflicts. Each of the Members (in his, her or its own name and in the name and on behalf of each of the Company and its Subsidiaries) expressly acknowledges and agrees that, while Laredo and its officers intend to devote such time as is necessary to the proper conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, they and the Laredo Business Opportunities Group may, in the future, pursue Other Investments and, therefore, will not devote full time and attention to the Company, its business or affairs and no member of the Laredo Business Opportunities Group will have any duty to disclose to the Company, any other Member or the Manager any business opportunities. Each of the Members (and the Members on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries) also acknowledges and agrees that members of the Laredo Business Opportunities Group may have duties not to disclose Confidential Information of or related to Other Investments. Each of the Members (in his, her or its own name and in the name and on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries) hereby:

 

(i)                  agrees that (A) the terms of this Section 3.04 to the extent that they modify or limit a duty or other obligation, if any, that any of the members of the Laredo Business Opportunities Group may have to the Company or another Member under the Act or other Applicable Law are reasonable in form, scope and content; and (B) the terms of this Section 3.04 shall control to the fullest extent possible if such terms conflict with a duty or other obligation, if any, that any member of the Laredo Business Opportunities Group may have to the Company or another Member under the Act or any other Applicable Law; and

 

(ii)                waives any duty or other obligation, if any, that any member of the Laredo Business Opportunities Group may have to the Company or another Member, pursuant to the Act or any other Applicable Law, to the extent necessary to give effect to the terms of this Section 3.04.

 

(c)           Business Opportunities. Except as specifically set forth in Section 3.04(b) above, each of the Company and the Members (in his, her or its own name and in the name and on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries) acknowledges and agrees that the Company (on behalf of itself and its Subsidiaries) hereby renounces any interest or expectancy in any business opportunity, transaction or other matter in which any of the members of the Laredo Business Opportunities Group participates or desires to participate (each such business opportunity is referred to as a “Renounced Business Opportunity”). None of the members of the Laredo Business Opportunities Group shall have any obligation to communicate or offer any Renounced Business Opportunity to the Company, its Subsidiaries or any Member thereof and may pursue any Renounced Business Opportunity solely for its own account. The members of the Laredo Business Opportunities Group shall not in any way be prohibited or restricted from engaging in, investing in, independently or with others, any Renounced Business Opportunity.

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(d)           Resolution of Conflicts of Interest. Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, whenever a potential conflict of interest exists or arises between any Member, Officer or Manager, on the one hand, and the Company, any Member or any Transferee, on the other hand, any resolution or course of action in respect of such conflict of interest shall be permitted and deemed approved by all Members, and shall not constitute a breach of this Agreement, of any agreement contemplated herein, or of any standard of care or duty stated or implied by law or equity, if the resolution or course of action is or, by operation of this Agreement is deemed to be, fair and reasonable to the Company. Any conflict of interest and any resolution of such conflict of interest shall be conclusively deemed fair and reasonable to the Company if such conflict of interest or resolution is, as determined by the Manager, (i) on terms no less favorable to the Company than those generally being provided to or available from unrelated third parties or (ii) fair to the Company, taking into account the totality of the relationships between the parties involved (including other transactions that may be particularly favorable or advantageous to the Company). The Manager shall be authorized in connection with its determination of what is “fair and reasonable” to the Company and in connection with its resolution of any conflict of interest to consider, among other factors: (A) the relative interests of any party to such conflict, agreement, transaction or situation and the benefits and burdens relating to such interest; (B) any customary or accepted industry practices and any customary or historical dealings with a particular Person; (C) any applicable accounting or engineering practices or principles; and (D) such additional factors as the Manager determines in its sole discretion to be relevant, reasonable or appropriate under the circumstances. Nothing contained in this Agreement, however, is intended to nor shall it be construed to require the Manager to consider the interest of any Person. So long as the Manager acts in good faith, the resolution, action or terms so made, taken or provided by the Manager with respect to such matter shall not constitute a breach of this Agreement or any other agreement contemplated herein or a breach of any standard of care or duty stated or implied by law or equity.

 

(e)           Acknowledgement. Each of the Members (in his, her or its own name and in the name and on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries) acknowledges and agrees that the execution and delivery of this Agreement by Laredo is of material benefit to the Company, its Subsidiaries and the Members, and that the Members would not be willing to (x) execute and deliver this Agreement, and (y) make their agreed Capital Contributions to the Company, without the benefit of this Section 3.04 and Section 10.09 and the agreement of the parties thereto.

 

Section 3.05.      Representations and Warranties.

 

(a)           Each Member hereby severally (solely with respect to itself) and not jointly represents and warrants to the Company and each other Member that the following statements are true and correct as of the date such Person is first admitted as a Member and shall be true and correct at all times that such Member is a Member:

 

(i)                  if such Member is a corporation, limited liability company, partnership or other entity, such Member is duly incorporated, organized or formed (as applicable), validly existing, and (if applicable) in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, organization or formation; and such Member has full corporate, limited liability company, partnership or other applicable power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder, and all necessary actions by its board of directors, stockholders, managers, members, partners, trustees, beneficiaries, or other applicable Persons necessary for the due authorization, execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement by such Member have been duly taken;

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(ii)               such Member has duly executed and delivered this Agreement and the other documents contemplated herein, and, assuming due execution by the other parties hereto and thereto, such documents constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of such Member enforceable against such Member in accordance with the terms of each such document (except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws of general application and by the effect of general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered at law or in equity);

 

(iii)              such Member’s authorization, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement does not and shall not (A) conflict with, or result in a breach, default or violation of, (x) the organizational documents of such Member (if such Member is not a natural person), (y) any contract, obligation or agreement to which such Member is a party or is otherwise subject, or (z) any law, order, judgment, decree, writ, injunction or arbitral award to which such Member is subject; or (B) require any consent, approval or authorization from, filing or registration with, or notice to, any governmental authority or other Person, unless such requirement has already been satisfied;

 

(iv)             the Units to be acquired by such Member pursuant to this Agreement will be acquired for investment for such Member’s own account, not as a nominee or agent, and not with a view to the resale or distribution of any part thereof;

 

(v)              in the case of each Member, such Member is an experienced investor in securities and acknowledges that it can bear the economic risk of its investment in the Units acquired pursuant to this Agreement and has such knowledge and experience in financial or business matters that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment in the Units;

 

(vi)             in the case of each Member, such Member is an Accredited Investor;

 

(vii)            such Member has had an opportunity to discuss the Company’s and its Subsidiaries’ businesses, management and financial affairs and the terms and conditions of the offering of Units with the Company’s management;

 

(viii)           such Member understands that the Units issued hereunder have not been, and will not be, registered under the Securities Act, by reason of a specific exemption from the registration provisions of the Securities Act that depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of the investment intent and the accuracy of such Member’s representations as expressed herein; such Member understands that such Member is purchasing an interest in the Company without being furnished any offering literature or prospectus; and such Member further understands that the Units acquired by it hereunder are “restricted securities” under applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws and that, pursuant to these laws, such Member cannot sell, assign, transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of, and must hold indefinitely, the Units acquired by it hereunder unless such Units are registered with the Commission and qualified by state authorities or an exemption from such registration and qualification requirements is available;

 

(ix)              such Member understands that no public market now exists for the Units or any other securities issued by the Company, and that the Company has made no assurances that a public market will ever exist for the Units or any other securities issued by the Company; and

 

(x)               if an individual, such Member is of the full age of majority and is legally competent to execute this Agreement and to take all action pursuant hereto. 

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ARTICLE IV 

CERTAIN AGREEMENTS OF THE COMPANY AND THE MEMBERS

 

Section 4.01.       Books, Records and Access.

 

(a)        The Company shall keep and maintain proper and complete books and records of accounts, Taxes, financial information and all matters pertaining to the Company (and its Subsidiaries).

 

(b)        The Company shall provide to the Members the following reports:

 

(i)       within one hundred and twenty (120) days of the close of each Fiscal Year, consolidated financial statements of the Company prepared in accordance with the accounting principles as are generally used in keeping the Company’s books and preparing its tax returns;

 

(ii)       within sixty (60) days of the end of any fiscal quarter, quarterly consolidated financial statements of the Company for the previous quarter prepared in accordance with the accounting principles as are generally used in keeping the Company’s books and preparing its tax returns; and

 

(iii)       such other reports and information (in any form, electronic or otherwise) as the Manager may determine, including any reports and information regarding assets or equity in another Person held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

Section 4.02.       Tax Returns and Forms. The Company shall prepare and timely file all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign Tax and information returns required to be filed by the Company. Any income Tax return of the Company shall be prepared by an independent public accounting firm selected by the Manager. Each Member shall furnish to the Company all pertinent information in its possession relating to the Company’s operations that is reasonably necessary to enable the Company’s Tax returns to be timely prepared and filed. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to deliver or cause to be delivered, as soon as practicable after the end of each Fiscal Year, to each Person who was a holder of Units at any time during such Fiscal Year all information necessary for the preparation of such Person’s United States federal and state income Tax returns.

 

Section 4.03.       Tax Partnership. It is the intention of the Members that the Company be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Unless otherwise approved by the Manager, neither the Company nor any Member shall make an election for the Company to be excluded from the application of the provisions of subchapter K of chapter 1 of subtitle A of the Code or any similar provisions of applicable state law or to be classified as other than a partnership pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 301.7701-3.

 

Section 4.04.       Tax Elections. The Company shall make the following elections on the appropriate forms or tax returns:

 

(a) to adopt the calendar year as the Company’s Fiscal Year, if permitted under the Code;

 

(b) to adopt the accrual method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

(c) to elect to amortize the organizational expenses of the Company as permitted by Code Section 709(b); and

  

(d) any other election the Manager may deem appropriate.

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Section 4.05.       Partnership Representative. The partnership representative of the Company pursuant to Code Section 6223(a) shall be Laredo, provided that such partnership representative may be removed and replaced by action of the Manager to the extent permitted by the provisions of the Code or Treasury Regulations issued thereunder. (Any person who is designated as the partnership representative is referred to herein as the “Partnership Representative”). The Partnership Representative is authorized to take such actions and to execute and file all statements and forms on behalf of the Company which may be permitted or required by the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code or Treasury Regulations issued thereunder, provided that the Partnership Representative may file any suit only with the approval of the Manager. The Partnership Representative shall have the sole authority to act on behalf of the Company under Subchapter C of Chapter 63 of Subtitle F of the Code (relating to IRS partnership audit proceedings) and in any Tax proceedings brought by other taxing authorities, and the Company and all Members shall be bound by the actions taken by the Partnership Representative in such capacity. The Partnership Representative shall be reimbursed by the Company for all expenses incurred in connection with all examinations of the Company’s affairs by Tax authorities, including resulting proceedings, and is authorized to expend Company funds for professional services and costs associated therewith. The Partnership Representative shall keep the Members informed as to the status of any audit of the Company’s Tax affairs. Without first obtaining the approval of the Manager, the Partnership Representative shall not, with respect to Company Tax matters: (a) enter into a settlement agreement with respect to any Tax matter, or (b) enter into an agreement extending the statute of limitations. If an audit of any of the Company’s Tax returns shall occur, the Partnership Representative shall not settle or otherwise compromise assertions of the auditing agent which may be adverse to any Member as compared to the position taken on the Company’s Tax returns without the prior written consent of each such affected Member. If an audit results in an imputed underpayment by the Company as determined under Code Section 6225, the Partnership Representative may make the election under Code Section 6226(a) within forty-five (45) days after the date of the notice of final partnership adjustment in the manner provided by the Internal Revenue Service. If such an election is made, the Company shall furnish to each Member of the Company for the year under audit a statement reflecting the Member’s share of the adjusted items as determined in the notice of final partnership adjustment, and each such Member shall take such adjustment into account as required under Code Section 6226(b) and shall be liable for any related interest, penalty, addition to tax, or additional amount. The Company shall indemnify the Partnership Representative from and against any claim, liability and expense (including attorneys’ fees) it may incur in connection with its duties as the Partnership Representative.

 

Section 4.06.       Combined Tax Groups. In the event Laredo (or its direct or indirect owners) is obligated to pay Taxes attributable to the assets or operations of the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries), as a result of Laredo (or its direct or indirect owners) and the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) being treated as members of a combined, consolidated, unitary or other group of entities, the Company shall reimburse Laredo for the amount of Taxes paid by Laredo that are attributable to the Company and its Subsidiaries following the Company’s receipt of written notice and support documentation relating to such Taxes. An amount paid to Laredo pursuant to this Section 4.06 shall be treated as a reimbursement for amounts paid on behalf of the Company and shall not be treated as a distribution to Laredo for purposes of Section 7.01. If not paid within ten (10) days of the Company’s receipt of such written notice, the amount due from the Company pursuant hereto shall bear interest from the expiration of such ten (10) day period at a rate of eight percent (8%) per annum.

 

Section 4.07.       Bank Accounts. The Manager shall cause the Company to establish and maintain one or more separate bank and investment accounts for Company funds in the Company’s name with such financial institutions and firms as the Manager may select and designate signatories thereon. The Company may not commingle the Company’s funds with the funds of any other Person other than, as determined by the Manager, the Company’s Subsidiaries.

 

ARTICLE V 

CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS

 

Section 5.01.       Initial Capital Contributions of Members; Initial Unit Issuances.

 

(a)       Within five (5) Business Days of the Effective Date (or such later date as may be determined by the Manager), each of the Members listed on Exhibit A shall contribute, in readily available funds or, as applicable and noted on Exhibit A, other property (the initial Book Value of which is set forth on Exhibit A opposite each such Member’s name), the amount set forth opposite his, her or its name on Exhibit A under the heading “Initial Capital Contribution” to the Company as a Capital Contribution (each, an “Initial Capital Contribution”), and in exchange therefor such Member shall receive the number of Units set forth opposite such Member’s name under the heading “Initial Number of Units to be Issued” on Exhibit A. Each Unit issued in accordance with the foregoing sentence shall be deemed to have been issued and funded on the Effective Date.

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(b)       Notwithstanding Section 5.01(a), the Company and the Members hereby acknowledge and agree that (i) as of the Effective Date, Laredo and its Affiliates have incurred expenses on behalf of the Company in an aggregate amount equal to $59,935 (the “Laredo Initial Contribution Amount”) and Laredo shall be deemed to have made a Capital Contribution in an amount equal to the Laredo Initial Contribution Amount as of the Effective Date, (ii) such deemed Capital Contribution shall count towards the satisfaction of Laredo’s Commitment Amount and Laredo’s Remaining Commitment Amount shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Laredo Initial Contribution Amount, and (iii) the Company has issued to Laredo, on the Effective Date, 59,935 Units in respect of such deemed Capital Contribution, and such issuance is hereby ratified, confirmed and approved.

 

(c)       For the avoidance of doubt, all equity interests in the Company existing prior to the Effective Date, and all agreements in connection therewith, are hereby automatically (and without action by any Person) forfeited, or terminated, as the case may be, and of no further force or effect.

 

Section 5.02.       Further Capital Contributions.

 

(a)       The Manager may issue capital calls to the Members in such amounts and at such times as it shall determine. Except as otherwise provided herein, with respect to each such capital call, each Member shall be required to contribute to the Company an amount such that, to the greatest extent possible after giving effect to such capital call and all Capital Contributions previously made by all of the Members to the Company (including all of the Initial Capital Contributions), each Member has contributed to the Company an amount equal to the aggregate Capital Contributions previously made and then being made by all Members at such time, multiplied by such Member’s Commitment Ratio at such time, until such Member has made aggregate Capital Contributions (including its Initial Capital Contribution) equal to its Commitment Amount; provided, that, unless otherwise determined by the Manager, each capital call shall be apportioned among all Members whose Remaining Commitment Amount is greater than zero based on their respective Commitment Ratios at such time; provided, further, that, unless otherwise determined by the Manager, during the time that any Member’s Remaining Commitment Amount is greater than zero, Capital Contributions shall be made pursuant to this Section 5.02(a) solely by Members whose Remaining Commitment Amount is greater than zero until such time that their Remaining Commitment Amount equals zero. Upon receipt by the Company of each such additional Capital Contribution, each contributing Member shall be issued one (1) additional Unit in exchange for each one dollar ($1.00) contributed (or in the case of contributed property, for each one dollar ($1.00) of value of such contributed property as agreed upon at such time by the Manager and such Member). Each Member’s obligation to purchase Units pursuant to this Section 5.02(a) is several, and not joint, and no Member will have any obligation with respect to any other Member under this Section 5.02(a).

 

(b)       Unless otherwise specified by the Manager, each Member shall have ten (10) Business Days from the issuance of a capital call pursuant to Section 5.02(a) and corresponding written notice to such Member to make such Member’s required Capital Contribution.

 

(c)       Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 5.02(a), no Member shall be obligated to make Capital Contributions after the expiration of the Commitment Period. 

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(d)       If a Member fails to pay any portion of the amount validly called for by the Manager pursuant to Section 5.02(a) when due (after being given notice of such failure and a reasonable opportunity to cure, not to exceed five (5) Business Days) (a “Defaulting Member”), then the Manager shall have the right to cause the Company to (i) charge an additional amount on the unpaid balance of any such Capital Contribution or other payments at a rate equal to fifteen percent (15%) per annum from the date such balance was due and payable through the date full payment for such balance is actually made (which additional amount shall not be treated as a Capital Contribution for any purpose); (ii) prohibit the Defaulting Member from participating in any or all future investments; (iii) offset amounts otherwise distributable or payable to such Defaulting Member under this Agreement to satisfy the unpaid balance of such Capital Contribution or other payments and any such additional amounts; (iv) reduce the Defaulting Member’s proportionate share of all future distributions by the Company to take into account the failure of the Defaulting Member to make any Capital Contributions required under this Agreement; (v) either (A) allow each non-defaulting Member to make additional Capital Contributions pro rata in accordance with the Commitment Amounts of such non-defaulting Member relative to the aggregate Commitment Amounts of all non-defaulting Members to cover the defaulted Capital Contribution of a Defaulting Member and, to the extent any such defaulted amount is not assumed by any such other non-defaulting Member, permit any of the Members so contributing to assume any such unpaid amounts (in which case each Member’s Commitment Amount will be adjusted proportionately to account for such substituted Capital Contribution) or (B) allow each non-defaulting Member to, after reasonable notice to the Defaulting Member, make a loan to the Defaulting Member in an aggregate amount equal to the Defaulting Member’s portion of the applicable Capital Contribution pro rata in accordance with such non-defaulting Member’s Sharing Percentage, which loan will be repaid in full out of distributions otherwise payable to the Defaulting Member hereunder prior to any distribution being made to such Defaulting Member and shall be secured by a pledge of the Defaulting Member’s Units; or (vi) impose any other remedies available at law. Without limiting the foregoing sentence, and in addition to the remedies therein, if a Member fails to pay any portion of the amount validly called for by the Manager pursuant to Section 5.02(a) when due and such amount is still unpaid on the date that is one (1) month after such due date, such Defaulting Member shall automatically forfeit the Defaulting Portion of his, her or its Units unless, in each case, such forfeiture is waived by a majority vote of the non-defaulting Members (based on their relative Sharing Percentages).

 

(e)       Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the mere approval or consent by the Manager of any contractual obligation (including any acquisition or other transaction) shall not be deemed an implicit consent by such Person to a further capital call or an increase in such Person’s Commitment Amount pursuant to Section 5.02(a), or otherwise, unless such approval or consent expressly references that it is a consent of the Manager with respect to a capital call or an increase in such Person’s Commitment Amount in accordance with Section 5.02(a).

 

(f)       If any regulatory approval, including the filing and the expiration of any waiting period under the Hart Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (the “HSR Act”), is required prior to the issuance of any Units, the Company will not issue such Units, and no contribution will be required or permitted in respect thereof, until such approval has been obtained (or in the case of the HSR Act, such filing has been completed and such waiting period has expired or been terminated).

 

Section 5.03.       Withdrawal of Capital. No Member shall have the right to withdraw any capital from the Company; provided, however, that the Manager may determine to distribute capital to the Members from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof.

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Section 5.04.       Capital Accounts.

 

(a)       A capital account (a “Capital Account”) shall be established and maintained for each Member in accordance with the requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv). Each Member’s Capital Account (i) shall be increased by (A) the amount of money contributed by such Member to the Company, (B) the Book Value of property contributed by such Member to the Company (net of liabilities secured by the contributed property that the Company is considered to assume or take subject to under Code Section 752), (C) allocations to such Member of Profits pursuant to Section 6.01 and any other items of income or gain allocated to such Member pursuant to Section 6.02, (D) in the case of a Member receiving a Compensatory Membership Interest, the amount included in the Member’s compensation income under Code Section 83(a), 83(b) or 83(d)(2), and (E) any other increases allowed or required by Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv), and (ii) shall be decreased by (A) the amount of money distributed to such Member by the Company, (B) the Book Value of property distributed to such Member by the Company (net of liabilities secured by the distributed property that such Member is considered to assume or take subject to under Code Section 752), (C) allocations to such Member of Losses pursuant to Section 6.01 and any other items of loss or deduction allocated to such Member pursuant to Section 6.02, and (D) any other decreases allowed or required by Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv).

 

(b)       In the event of a Transfer of Units made in accordance with this Agreement, the Capital Account of the Transferor that is attributable to the Transferred Units shall carry over to the Transferee Member in accordance with the provisions of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(l).

 

(c)       Except as otherwise required by the Act, no Member shall have any liability to restore all or any portion of a deficit balance in such Member’s Capital Account.

 

Section 5.05.       Funding of Contributions. Capital Contributions attributable to the Units shall be paid by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by the Manager or, if approved by the Manager, contributing other property (the initial Book Value of which property shall be agreed upon by the Manager).

 

ARTICLE VI 

ALLOCATIONS

 

Section 6.01.       Allocations of Profits and Losses. After giving effect to the allocations under Section 6.02, Profits and Losses (and to the extent determined necessary and appropriate by the Manager to achieve the resulting Capital Account balances described below, any allocable items of gross income, gain, loss or deduction includable in the computation of Profits and Losses) for each Allocation Period shall be allocated among the Members during such Allocation Period, in such a manner as shall cause the Capital Accounts of the Members (as adjusted to reflect all allocations under Section 6.02 and all distributions through the end of such Allocation Period) to equal, as nearly as possible, (a) the amount such Members would receive if all assets of the Company on hand at the end of such Allocation Period were sold for cash equal to their Book Values, all liabilities of the Company were satisfied in cash in accordance with their terms (limited in the case of non-recourse liabilities to the Book Value of the property securing such liabilities), and all remaining or resulting cash were distributed to the Members under Section 7.01, minus (b) the sum of (i) such Member’s share of Minimum Gain and Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, computed immediately prior to the hypothetical sale of assets and (ii) the amount any such Member is treated as obligated to contribute to the Company, computed immediately after the hypothetical sale of assets. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Manager may make such allocations as it deems reasonably necessary to give economic effect to the provisions of this Agreement, taking into account such facts and circumstances as the Manager reasonably deems relevant for this purpose.

 

Section 6.02.       Special Tax Allocations. The following allocations shall be made in the following order (unless a different order is required by the applicable Treasury Regulations):

 

(a)       Nonrecourse Deductions shall be allocated to the Members as determined by the Manager, to the extent permitted by the Treasury Regulations. 

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(b)       Member Nonrecourse Deductions attributable to Member Nonrecourse Debt shall be allocated to the Members bearing the Economic Risk of Loss for such Member Nonrecourse Debt as determined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(b)(4). If more than one Member bears the Economic Risk of Loss for such Member Nonrecourse Debt, the Member Nonrecourse Deductions attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Debt shall be allocated among the Members according to the ratio in which they bear the Economic Risk of Loss. This Section 6.02(b) is intended to comply with the provisions of Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

(c)       Notwithstanding any other provision hereof to the contrary and except to the extent provided in Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-2(f)(2), (3), (4) and (5), if there is a net decrease in Minimum Gain for an Allocation Period (or if there was a net decrease in Minimum Gain for a prior Allocation Period and the Company did not have sufficient amounts of income and gain during prior periods to allocate among the Members under this Section 6.02(c)), items of income and gain shall be allocated to each Member in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in such Minimum Gain (as determined pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(g)(2)). This Section 6.02(c) is intended to constitute a minimum gain chargeback under Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(f) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

(d)       Notwithstanding any provision hereof to the contrary except Section 6.02(c) (dealing with Minimum Gain) and except to the extent provided otherwise in Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(4), if there is a net decrease in Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain for an Allocation Period (or if there was a net decrease in Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain for a prior Allocation Period and the Company did not have sufficient amounts of income and gain during prior periods to allocate among the Members under this Section 6.02(d)), items of income and gain shall be allocated to each Member in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Member Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain (as determined pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(4)). This Section 6.02(d) is intended to constitute a partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain chargeback under Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-2(i)(4) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

(e)       Notwithstanding any provision hereof to the contrary except Section 6.02(a) and Section 6.02(b), no Losses or other items of loss or expense shall be allocated to any Member to the extent that such allocation would cause such Member to have a deficit balance in its Adjusted Capital Account (or increase any existing deficit balance in its Adjusted Capital Account) at the end of such Allocation Period. All Losses and other items of loss and expense in excess of the limitation set forth in this Section 6.02(e) shall be allocated to the Members who do not have a deficit balance in their Adjusted Capital Accounts in proportion to their relative positive Adjusted Capital Accounts but only to the extent that such Losses and other items of loss and expense do not cause any such Member to have a deficit in its Adjusted Capital Account.

 

(f)       Notwithstanding any provision hereof to the contrary except Section 6.02(c) and Section 6.02(d), a Member who unexpectedly receives an adjustment, allocation or distribution described in Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6) shall be allocated items of income and gain (consisting of a pro rata portion of each item of income, including gross income, and gain for the Allocation Period) in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate any deficit balance in such Member’s Adjusted Capital Account as quickly as possible; provided, however, that an allocation pursuant to this Section 6.02(f) shall be made only if and to the extent that such Member would have deficit Adjusted Capital Account balance after all other allocations provided for in this ARTICLE VI have been tentatively made as if this Section 6.02(f) were not in this Agreement. This Section 6.02(f) is intended to constitute a qualified income offset under Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

(g)       In the event that any Member has a deficit balance in its Adjusted Capital Account at the end of any Allocation Period, such Member shall be allocated items of Company gross income and gain in the amount of such deficit as quickly as possible; provided, however, that an allocation pursuant to this Section 6.02(g) shall be made only if and to the extent that such Member would have a deficit balance in its Capital Account after all other allocations provided for in this ARTICLE VI have been tentatively made as if Section 6.02(f) and this Section 6.02(g) were not in this Agreement.

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(h)       To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company properties pursuant to Code Section 734(b) or Code Section 743(b) (including any such adjustments pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.734-2(b)(1)) is required pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(2) or 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4) to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts as the result of a distribution to any Member in complete liquidation of such Member’s Units, the amount of such adjustment to Capital Accounts shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis) and such gain or loss shall be allocated to the Members in accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(2) if such Treasury Regulation Section applies, or to the Member to whom such distribution was made if Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4) applies.

 

(i)       Simulated Depletion for each Depletable Property, and Simulated Loss and Simulated Gain upon the disposition of a Depletable Property, shall be allocated among the Members in proportion to their shares of the Simulated Basis in such property.

 

(j)       If, as a result of an exercise of a noncompensatory option to acquire an interest in the Company, a Capital Account reallocation is required under Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(s)(3), the Company shall make corrective allocations pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(x).

 

Section 6.03.       Income Tax Allocations.

 

(a)       All items of income, gain, loss and deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes shall be allocated in the same manner as the corresponding item is allocated pursuant to Section 6.01 or Section 6.02, except as otherwise provided in this Section 6.03 or Section 6.04.

 

(b)       In accordance with the principles of Code Section 704(c) and the Treasury Regulations thereunder (including the Treasury Regulations applying the principles of Code Section 704(c) to changes in Book Values), income, gain, deduction and loss with respect to any Company property having a Book Value that differs from such property’s adjusted U.S. federal income tax basis shall, solely for U.S. federal income tax purposes, be allocated among the Members in order to account for any such difference using the “remedial allocation method” under Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-3(d) unless the Manager determines to utilize another Section 704(c) method or methods that are allowable under the applicable Treasury Regulations.

 

(c)       Any (i) recapture of depreciation or any other item of deduction shall be allocated, in accordance with Treasury Regulation Sections 1.1245-1(e) and 1.1254-5, to the Members who received the benefit of such deductions (taking into account the effect of remedial allocations), and (ii) recapture of grants credits shall be allocated to the Members in accordance with Applicable Law.

 

(d)       Tax credits of the Company shall be allocated among the Members as provided in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.704-1(b)(4)(ii) and 1.704-1(b)(4)(viii).

 

(e)       Allocations pursuant to this Section 6.03 are solely for purposes of U.S. federal, state, and local taxes and, except as otherwise specifically provided, shall not affect, or in any way be taken into account in computing, any Member’s Capital Account or share of Profits, Losses, other items or distributions pursuant to any provision of this Agreement. 

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Section 6.04.       Income Tax Allocations with Respect to Depletable Properties.

 

(a)       Cost and percentage depletion deductions with respect to any Depletable Property shall be computed separately by the Members rather than the Company. For purposes of such computations, the U.S. federal income tax basis of each Depletable Property shall be allocated to each Member in accordance with such Member’s Capital Interest Percentage as of the time such Depletable Property is acquired by the Company (and any additions to such U.S. federal income tax basis resulting from expenditures required to be capitalized in such basis shall be allocated among the Members in a manner designed to cause the Members’ proportionate shares of such adjusted U.S. federal income tax basis to be in accordance with their Capital Interest Percentages as determined at the time of any such additions), and shall be reallocated among the Members in accordance with the Members’ Capital Interest Percentages as determined immediately following the occurrence of an event giving rise to an adjustment to the Book Values of the Company’s Depletable Properties pursuant to clause (b) of the definition of Book Value. The Company shall inform each Member of such Member’s allocable share of the U.S. federal income tax basis of each Depletable Property promptly following the acquisition of such Depletable Property by the Company, any adjustment resulting from expenditures required to be capitalized in such basis, and any reallocation of such basis as provided in the previous sentence.

 

(b)       For purposes of the separate computation of gain or loss by each Member on the taxable disposition of Depletable Property, the amount realized from such disposition shall be allocated (i) first, to the Members in an amount equal to the Simulated Basis in such Depletable Property in proportion to their allocable shares thereof and (ii) second, any remaining amount realized shall be allocated consistent with the allocation of Simulated Gains.

 

(c)       The allocations described in this Section 6.04 are intended to be applied in accordance with the Members’ “interests in partnership capital” under Section 613A(c)(7)(D) of the Code; provided, however, that the Members understand and agree that the Manager may authorize special allocations of federal income tax basis, income, gain, deduction or loss, as computed for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in order to eliminate differences between Simulated Basis and adjusted U.S. federal income tax basis with respect to Depletable Properties, in such manner as determined consistent with the principles outlined in Section 6.03(b). The provisions of this Section 6.03(c) and the other provisions of this Agreement relating to allocations under Code Section 613A(c)(7)(D) are intended to comply with Treasury Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(4)(v) and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Treasury Regulations.

 

(d)       Each Member, with the assistance of the Company, shall separately keep records of its share of the adjusted tax basis in each Depletable Property, adjust such share of the adjusted tax basis for any cost or percentage depletion allowable with respect to such property and use such adjusted tax basis in the computation of its cost depletion or in the computation of its gain or loss on the disposition of such property by the Company. Upon the reasonable request of the Company, each Member shall advise the Company of its adjusted tax basis in each Depletable Property and any depletion computed with respect thereto, both as computed in accordance with the provisions of this subsection for purposes of allowing the Company to make adjustments to the tax basis of its assets as a result of certain transfers of interests in the Company or distributions by the Company. The Company may rely on such information and, if it is not provided by the Member, may make such reasonable assumptions as it shall determine with respect thereto.

 

Section 6.05.       Other Allocation Rules.

 

(a)       All items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit allocable to an interest in the Company that may have been Transferred shall be allocated between the Transferor and the Transferee based on the portion of the Allocation Period during which each was recognized as the owner of such interest, without regard to the results of Company operations during any particular portion of that Allocation Period and without regard to whether cash distributions were made to the Transferor or the Transferee during that Allocation Period; provided, however, that this allocation must be made in accordance with a method permissible under Code Section 706 and the Treasury Regulations thereunder.

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(b)       The Members’ proportionate shares of the “excess nonrecourse liabilities” of the Company, within the meaning of Treasury Regulation Section 1.752-3(a)(3), shall be allocated to the Members in any manner determined by the Manager and permissible under the Treasury Regulations.

 

(c)       The definition of Capital Account set forth in Section 5.04(a) and the allocations set forth in Section 6.02, Section 6.03 and Section 6.04 and the preceding provisions of this Section 6.05 are intended to comply with the Treasury Regulations. If the Manager determines that the determination of a Member’s Capital Account or the allocations to a Member is not in compliance with the Treasury Regulations, the Manager is authorized to make any appropriate adjustments.

 

ARTICLE VII 

DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Section 7.01.       Distributions. Subject to Section 5.02(d), Section 7.03, Section 7.05 and Section 14.03, all Distributable Property of the Company shall be distributed to the Members at such time or times (if any) as the Manager determines in its sole discretion in the order and priority set forth in Section 7.01(a) through Section 7.01(b):

 

(a)       First: one hundred percent (100%) to the holders of outstanding Units with positive Unreturned Capital Contributions, pro rata in proportion to their relative amounts of positive Unreturned Capital Contributions, until the Unreturned Capital Contributions attributable to each such outstanding Unit have been reduced to zero dollars ($0.00); and

 

(b)       Second: one hundred percent (100%) to the holders of outstanding Units, pro rata in proportion to their relative number of outstanding Units.

 

In the event the Manager elects to distribute shares of capital stock or other equity interests to the Members in accordance with this Section 7.01, the Manager, in its sole discretion, may elect to make such distribution subject to restrictions (including the use of escrow accounts, lock-ups or other contractual restrictions on the beneficial rights in respect of such shares or other equity interests) so long as such restrictions do not adversely affect the intended economic rights, preferences, privileges or powers of the Units pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.01.

 

Section 7.02.       Distributions in Kind. No Member has any right to demand or receive a distribution from the Company in any form other than cash.

 

Section 7.03.       Tax Distributions. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this ARTICLE VII, the Company shall, subject to the availability of cash (as determined by the Manager in good faith), make cash distributions to each Member on the Tax Distribution Date with respect to each Fiscal Year to the extent of the required Tax Distribution, if any, of such Member for such Fiscal Year; provided, however, the Company may, upon election by the Manager in its sole discretion, make such cash distributions on a quarterly basis based upon estimates of the required Tax Distribution in a manner sufficient to permit the Members to satisfy their respective quarterly estimated tax payment obligations. All quarterly tax distributions to a Member shall be treated as an advance of, and shall offset, the cash distribution payable to the Member (pursuant to this Section 7.03) on the next Tax Distribution Date. Any distributions made pursuant to this Section 7.03 to a Member shall be treated as an advance payment of, and shall reduce, the amounts otherwise distributable to such Member pursuant to Section 7.01(a) through Section 7.01(b) in subsequent distributions. 

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Section 7.04.       Withholding . The Company may withhold distributions or portions thereof if it is required to do so by Applicable Law, and each Member hereby authorizes the Company to withhold from and pay on behalf of or with respect to such Member any amount of U.S. federal, state, local or foreign taxes that the Manager determines that the Company is required to withhold and pay with respect to any amount distributable or allocable to such Member pursuant to this Agreement. Except with respect to amounts that a Member contributes to the Company upon the request of the Manager, any amounts withheld pursuant to this Section 7.04 shall be treated as having been distributed to such Member for all purposes of this Agreement at the time such withholding is made. To the extent that the cumulative amount of such withholding for any period exceeds the distributions to which such Member is entitled for such period, the amount of such excess shall be considered a loan from the Company to such Member, with interest accruing at the primary rate of interest then publicly quoted by JPMorgan Chase Bank or at the request of the Manager, the amount of such excess shall be promptly paid to the Company by the Member on whose behalf such withholding is required to be made; provided, however, that any such payment shall not be treated as a Capital Contribution and shall not reduce the amount that a Member is otherwise obligated to contribute to the Company. Any income from any deemed loan shall not be allocated to or distributed to the Member requiring such loan. Any such loan shall be satisfied out of distributions to which such Member would otherwise be subsequently entitled until such time as the Manager requests that the Member pay such amount to the Company. Each Member hereby unconditionally and irrevocably grants to the Company a security interest in such Member’s Units to secure such Member’s obligation to pay to the Company any amounts required to be paid pursuant to this Section 7.04. Each Member shall take such actions as the Company may request in order to perfect or enforce the security interest created hereunder. Each Member hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the other Members and the Manager from and against any liability (including any liability for Taxes) with respect to income attributable to or distributions or other payments to such Member. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, (i) any Person who ceases to be a Member shall be treated as a Member for purposes of this Section 7.04 and (ii) the obligations of a Member pursuant to this Section 7.04 shall survive indefinitely with respect to any Taxes withheld or paid by the Company that relate to the period during which such Person was actually a Member, regardless of whether such Taxes are assessed, withheld or otherwise paid during such period.

 

Section 7.05.       Limitations on Distribution. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall not make a distribution to any Member on account of its Units if such distribution would violate Section 35-8-604 of the Act.

 

ARTICLE VIII 

ACTIONS BY MEMBERS

 

Section 8.01.       Meetings. Annual meetings of Members may, but need not, be held. The annual meeting of Members may be held at such place and on such date as the Manager may designate. Special meetings of the Members, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, may be called by the Manager, or any Member or Members who hold in the aggregate a Majority.

 

Section 8.02.       Place of Meetings. The Manager may designate any place, either within or outside the State of Montana, as the place of meeting for any meeting of Members. If no designation is made, or if a special meeting is otherwise called, the place of meeting shall be the principal executive office of the Company.

 

Section 8.03.       Notice of Meetings; Waiver of Notice Through Attendance. Written notice stating the place, day and hour of the meeting and the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called shall be delivered not less than three (3) nor more than fifty (50) days before the date of the meeting, either personally or by mail, facsimile or other electronic transmission, by or at the direction of the Manager or Person calling the meeting, to each Member entitled to vote at such meeting. Attendance of a Member at any meeting of Members shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such Member attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened and notifies the other Members at such meeting of such purpose.

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Section 8.04.       Record Date. For the purpose of determining Members entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of Members or any adjournment thereof, or Members entitled to receive payment of any distribution, or in order to make a determination of Members for any other purpose, the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed or sent or the date on which the resolution declaring such distribution is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of Members.

 

Section 8.05.       Quorum. Members holding at least a Majority represented in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of Members.

 

Section 8.06.       Proxies. At all meetings of Members, a Member may vote in person or by proxy executed in writing by the Member or by a duly authorized attorney in fact. Such proxy shall be filed with the Manager before or at the time of the meeting. No proxy shall be valid after eleven (11) months from the date of its execution, unless otherwise provided in the proxy. A facsimile or other electronic transmission by the Member, or a facsimile or other electronic reproduction of, an executed writing shall be effective for purposes of this Section 8.06. The chair of the meeting shall decide all questions touching upon the qualification of voters, the validity of the proxies, and the acceptance or rejection of votes, unless an inspector or inspectors shall have been appointed by the chair of the meeting, in which event such inspector or inspectors shall decide all such questions. A proxy shall be with full power of substitution and shall be revocable unless the proxy form conspicuously states that the proxy is irrevocable and the proxy is coupled with an interest. Should a proxy designate two (2) or more Persons to act as proxies, unless that instrument shall provide to the contrary, a majority or, if only two (2) Persons are designated as proxies, then both, of such Persons present at any meeting at which their powers thereunder are to be exercised shall have and may exercise all the powers of voting or giving consents thereby conferred, or if only one (1) be present, then such powers may be exercised by that one.

 

Section 8.07.       Action by Members Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of Members may be taken without a meeting (or notice) if the action is evidenced by one or more written consents describing the action to be taken by the Members that are signed by Members holding at least a Majority. Action taken under this Section 8.07 is effective when the requisite number of Members required to approve such action have signed the consent, unless the consent specifies a different effective date. The record date for determining Members entitled to take action without a meeting is the date the first Member signs and delivers to the Company a written consent. An electronic mail or similar transmission by a Member, or a facsimile or other electronic reproduction of a writing signed by a Member, shall be regarded as signed by the Member for purposes of this Section 8.07.

 

Section 8.08.       Waiver of Notice. When any notice is required to be given to any Member, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the Person entitled to such notice, whether before, at, or after the time stated therein, shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice.

 

Section 8.09.       Conduct of Meetings. All meetings of the Members shall be presided over by the chair of the meeting, who shall be chosen by the Manager from among the officer of the Manager. The chair of any meeting of Members shall determine the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of discussion as necessary.

 

Section 8.10.       No Power to Manage. Except for the rights expressly reserved to one (1) or more Members hereunder, none of the Members in his, her or its capacity as a Member shall have any power or authority to (a) manage the business or affairs of the Company, (b) enter into any agreements on behalf of the Company or (c) bind any other Members to any contracts or agreements. 

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ARTICLE IX 

MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY

 

Section 9.01.       Management.

 

(a)       The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by or under the authority of one manager (the “Manager”), to whom, subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement and as otherwise required by the Act, the Members hereby delegate, and in which is vested, the full, exclusive and complete power, authority and discretion to manage and control the administration, affairs, business and operations of the Company. The Manager shall be a “manager” of the Company as defined in the Act.

 

(b)       Unless explicitly provided otherwise in this Agreement, the Manager shall have the power, right and authority on behalf and in the name of the Company and its Subsidiaries to carry out any and all of the objects and purposes of the Company and its Subsidiaries and to perform all acts which the Manager, in its sole discretion, may deem necessary or desirable, including, without limitation:

 

(i)       negotiate, execute, consent to, amend, modify or terminate instruments and agreements (including the NPI Agreement) with respect to the assets, business, and investments of the Company and the operation thereof;

 

(ii)       make distributions to the Members pursuant to this Agreement;

 

(iii)      make payment of any fees and other amounts due and owing to the Manager under this Agreement;

 

(iv)       subject to Section 9.04(e), cause the Company to incur indebtedness, whether secured or unsecured by the assets of the Company;

 

(v)       hire such advisors, consultants or other professionals as may be reasonably required to conduct the business of the Company;

 

(vi)       commence and defend litigation and arbitration, whether on behalf of the Company or on its own behalf, arising out of assets or activities of the Company, as well as cause the Company to have such insurance coverage as the Manager determines to be necessary or advisable; and

 

(vii)       take such actions and execute such instruments and agreements as the Manager may deem advisable or appropriate in connection with the conduct of the business and affairs of the Company.

 

Section 9.02.       Manager.

 

(a)       Appointment. The Manager shall be appointed by a Majority. The initial Manager shall be Laredo (the “Initial Manager”), to serve until its earlier removal or resignation pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. The Manager may be removed from its position as manager of the Company at any time, with or without cause, by a Majority; provided, however, only upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event will the Members have the right to remove the Initial Manager. The Manager may at any time resign from its position as manager of the Company by delivering notice of its resignation to each of the Members.

 

(b)       Vacancies. If a vacancy is created in the position of the Manager at any time by the death, disability, retirement, dissolution, resignation or removal of the Manager, a Majority of the Members shall have the sole and exclusive right to designate a replacement therefor. 

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Section 9.03.       Officers. The Manager may appoint such officers of the Company, including the chief executive officer of the Company, as the Manager may deem necessary or advisable (collectively, the “Officers”) and such Officers shall have the power, authority and duties delegated herein or otherwise in writing by the Manager. To the extent authorized by the Manager, any Officer may have responsibility for the management of the normal and customary day-to -day operations of the Company and act on behalf of, bind and execute and deliver documents in the name and on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries, in each case, subject to Section 9.04. The Officers of the Company are required to promptly notify the Manager of any material occurrences or incidents relating to the Company’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ business or operations. The Manager may, in its sole discretion, remove any Officer with or without cause at any time.

 

Section 9.04.       Actions Requiring Approval of a Majority. None of the Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries may take any of the following actions without prior approval of a Majority (it being agreed that the below items are in addition to any and all other requirements imposed by other provisions of this Agreement or Applicable Law):

 

(a)      except as provided for in Section 15.05, amend this Agreement, the Articles, or any other governing documents of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries;

 

(b)      any extension of the Commitment Period (as described in the definition of such term);

 

(c)      cause or permit the Company to engage in any activity that is not consistent with the purposes of the Company as set forth in this Agreement;

 

(d)      obligate the Company to acquire any interest in any oil and gas properties other than as provided in the NPI Agreement;

 

(e)      borrow money for the Company from banks, other lending institutions, the Manager, Members, or Affiliates of the Manager or Members or in connection therewith, to hypothecate, encumber and grant security interests in the assets of the Company to secure repayment of the borrowed sums; no debt shall be contracted or liability incurred by or on behalf of the Company except by the Manager, or to the extent permitted under the Act by agents or employees of the Company expressly authorized to contract such debt or incur such liability by the Manager;

 

(f)      knowingly do any act which would make it impossible to carry on the ordinary business of the Company, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement;

 

(g)       confess a judgment against the Company in an amount in excess of $100,000;

 

(h)      knowingly perform any act that would cause the Company to conduct business in a state which has neither enacted legislation which permits limited liability companies to organize in such state nor permits the Company to register to do business in such state as a foreign limited liability company;

 

(i)      cause the Company to admit any additional Members other than pursuant to the terms of this Agreement;

 

(j)      cause the Company to incur any liabilities in any transaction in excess of $100,000, other than as provided in the NPI Agreement;

 

(k)      sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets other than immaterial assets in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, except for an Approved Sale; and 

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(l)      any voluntary filing of a petition in bankruptcy or any appointment of a trustee, receiver or liquidator of the Company, other than in connection with the final dissolution and winding up of the Company in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

 

Section 9.05.       Reimbursements. The Manager shall not be paid a fee for acting as the manager of the Company; provided that, the Manager and its Affiliates shall be entitled to prompt reimbursement from the Company for all Company Expenses.

 

Section 9.06.       Grant of Authority. Each Member hereby irrevocably constitutes and appoints the Manager with full power of substitution, each as its true and lawful attorney and agent, in its name, place and stead to make, execute, acknowledge, deliver and, if necessary, to file and record:

 

(a)       any certificates or other instruments or amendments thereof which the Company may be required to file under the Act or any other laws of the State of Montana or pursuant to the requirements of any governmental authority having jurisdiction over the Company or which the Manager shall deem it advisable to file, including this Agreement, any amended Agreement or certificate of cancellation;

 

(b)       any certificates or other instruments (including counterparts of this Agreement with such changes as may be required by the law of other jurisdictions) and all amendments thereto which the Manager deems appropriate or necessary to qualify, or continue the qualification of, the Company as a limited liability company;

 

(c)       any certificates or other instruments which the Manager determines may be required in order to effectuate the dissolution and termination of the Company pursuant to ARTICLE XIV; and

 

(d)       any amendment to any certificate or to this Agreement necessary to reflect any other changes made pursuant to the exercise of the powers of attorney contained in this ARTICLE IX or otherwise pursuant to this Agreement.

 

ARTICLE X 

INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 10.01.       Power to Indemnify in Actions, Suits or Proceedings. Subject to Section 10.06, the Company shall indemnify any Covered Person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative by reason of the fact that such Person is a Covered Person (each, a “Proceeding”), against any and all losses, claims, expenses (including attorneys’ fees), costs, liabilities, damages, interest, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such Covered Person in connection with such Proceeding; provided, however, that such Covered Person shall not be indemnified by the Company if there has been a final and non -appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of the matter for which such Covered Person is seeking indemnification hereunder, and taking into account the acknowledgments and agreements set forth in this Agreement, such Covered Person committed bad faith, fraud, willful or intentional misconduct or criminal wrongdoing (provided such Covered Person did not have a reasonable to believe his or its conduct was unlawful). Any indemnification provided hereunder shall be satisfied solely out of the assets of the Company (including available insurance coverage, if any), as an expense of the Company and, accordingly, no Covered Person shall be subject to personal liability by reason of these indemnification provisions.

 

Section 10.02.       Authorization of Indemnification. Except as provided in Section 10.03, any indemnification under this ARTICLE X (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Company only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of a Covered Person is proper in the circumstances because he, she or it has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 10.01. The determination of whether a Covered Person has met the standard of conduct that entitled it to indemnification hereunder shall be made by the Manager (excluding any such Person who is seeking indemnification at issue). To the extent that a Covered Person has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any Proceeding referred to in Section 10.01, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he, she or it shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case.

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Section 10.03.       Expenses Payable in Advance. Upon written request by a Covered Person, the Company shall pay reasonable expenses incurred (or reasonably expected to be incurred) by such Covered Person in defending or investigating a Proceeding in advance of (a) the final disposition of such Proceeding and (b) the determination of whether such Covered Person has met the standard of conduct that entitles such Covered Person to indemnification hereunder; provided, however, prior to payment (or advancement) by the Company of any such expenses, the Covered Person shall provide an unsecured undertaking to the Company to repay all such amounts if it shall ultimately be determined that such Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as authorized by this ARTICLE X; provided, further, that in no event shall the Company be required to pay or advance to any Covered Person any amounts in connection with a Proceeding initiated by (i) such Covered Person or (ii) the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

Section 10.04. Nonexclusivity of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this ARTICLE X shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any agreement, contract, a vote of Members or determination by the Manager, or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, it being the policy of the Company that indemnification of the Persons specified in Section 10.01 shall be made to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law. The provisions of this ARTICLE X shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any Person who is not specified in Section 10.01, but whom the Company has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the Act or otherwise.

 

Section 10.05.       Survival of Indemnification and Advancement of Expenses. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this ARTICLE X shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of a Covered Person. Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 10.05 or any provision of this ARTICLE X shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on liability of the Covered Persons, or terminate, reduce or impair the right of any past, present or future Covered Person, under and in accordance with the provisions of this ARTICLE X as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.

 

Section 10.06.       Limitation on Indemnification. Notwithstanding anything contained in this ARTICLE X to the contrary, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Company shall not be obligated to indemnify any Covered Person in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Covered Person on behalf of such Covered Person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Manager.

 

Section 10.07.       Indemnification of Employees and Agents. The Company may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Manager, provide rights to indemnification and the advancement of expenses to employees and agents of the Company or its Subsidiaries similar to those conferred in this ARTICLE X to Covered Persons. 

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Section 10.08.       Severability. The provisions of this ARTICLE X are intended to comply with the Act. To the extent that any provision of this ARTICLE X authorizes or requires indemnification or the advancement of expenses contrary to the Act or the Articles, the Company’s power to indemnify or advance expenses under such provision shall be limited to that permitted by the Act and the Articles and any limitation required by the Act or the Articles shall not affect the validity of any other provision of this ARTICLE X.

 

Section 10.09.       Standard of Care; Limitation of Liability.

 

(a)       No Member, in its capacity as a Member, shall have any fiduciary or other duty to the Company, any other Member, the Manager, or any other Person that is a party to or is otherwise bound by this Agreement other than the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing under this Agreement and other than such Member’s express obligations under this Agreement or non-waivable duties and obligations under the Act.

 

(b)       To the maximum extent permitted by Applicable Law, whenever a Member, in its capacity as a Member, is permitted or required to make a decision or take an action or omit to take an action (including wherever in this Agreement that any Member is permitted or required to make, grant or take a determination, a decision, consent, vote, judgment or action at its “discretion,” “sole discretion” or under a grant of similar authority or latitude), such Member shall be entitled to consider only such interests and factors, including its own, as it desires, and shall have no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any other interest or factors whatsoever. To the maximum extent permitted by Applicable Law, no Member shall be liable to the Company or to any other Member for losses sustained or liabilities incurred as a result of any act or omission (in relation to the Company, any transaction, any investment or any business decision or action) taken or omitted by such Member, unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of such act or omission, and taking into account the acknowledgments and agreements set forth in this Agreement, such Member engaged in bad faith, fraud, willful or intentional misconduct or criminal wrongdoing; provided, however, the foregoing shall not limit or otherwise affect a Member’s liability with respect to a breach of the express terms of this Agreement applicable to such Member or any non-waivable duties or obligations under the Act.

 

(c)       Each Covered Person may rely, and shall incur no liability in acting or refraining from acting, upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture, paper, document, signature or writing reasonably believed by it to be genuine, and may rely on a certificate signed by an officer, agent or representative of any Person in order to ascertain any fact with respect to such Person or within such Person’s knowledge, in each case unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of such reliance, action or inaction, such Covered Person committed bad faith, fraud, willful or intentional misconduct or criminal wrongdoing.

 

(d)       To the maximum extent permitted by Applicable Law, neither the Manager (nor any officer, director, employee, or manager thereof) nor any Officer shall be liable to the Company or to any Member for losses sustained or liabilities incurred as a result of any act or omission (in relation to the Company, any transaction, any investment or any business decision or action) taken or omitted by the Manager or such Officer, unless there has been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of such act or omission, and taking into account the acknowledgments and agreements set forth in this Agreement, the Manager or Officer, as the case may be, engaged in bad faith, fraud, willful or intentional misconduct or criminal wrongdoing; provided, however, the foregoing shall not limit or otherwise affect the Manager’s or any Officer’s liability with respect to a breach of the express terms of this Agreement applicable to the Manager or such Officer or any non-waivable duties or obligations under the Act.

 

(e)       The Manager (and each of its officers, directors, employees, and managers) and each Officer shall be entitled to rely on the provisions of this Agreement and on the advice of counsel, accountants and other professionals that is provided to the Company or the Manager, and the Manager shall not be liable to the Company or to any Member for such reliance on this Agreement or such advice; provided, however, that there has not been a final and non-appealable judgment entered by a court of competent jurisdiction determining that, in respect of such reliance, and taking into account the acknowledgments and agreements set forth in this Agreement, the Manager engaged in bad faith, fraud, willful or intentional misconduct or criminal wrongdoing.

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(f)       NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT TO THE CONTRARY BUT SUBJECT TO ARTICLE III, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, NO MEMBER (IN HIS, HER OR ITS CAPACITY AS A MEMBER) SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE COMPANY, TO ANY MEMBER OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON MAKING CLAIMS ON BEHALF OF THE FOREGOING FOR CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE OR REVENUE OR LOSSES BY REASON OF COST OF CAPITAL, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, THE BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS CONTROLLED AFFILIATES, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH CLAIMS ARE BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, VIOLATION OF ANY APPLICABLE DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES ACT OR SIMILAR LAW OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE DUTY OR PRINCIPLE, AND THE COMPANY AND EACH MEMBER HEREBY RELEASE EACH OTHER MEMBER (IN HIS, HER OR ITS CAPACITY AS A MEMBER) FOR ANY SUCH DAMAGES.

 

(g)       Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, nothing in this Section 10.09 shall limit or waive any claims against, actions, rights to sue, other remedies or other recourse the Company, any Member or any other Person may have against any Member, the Manager or any Officer for a breach of contract claim relating to any binding agreement, including this Agreement.

 

Section 10.10.       Indemnitor of First Resort. As a result of agreements or obligations arising outside of this Agreement, it may be the case that certain members, directors or employees of Laredo that are Covered Persons (the “Laredo Indemnitees”) have certain rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance provided by Laredo or certain of its Affiliates (collectively, the “Laredo Indemnitors”). However, regardless of whether or not there are any such rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses or insurance provided by any Laredo Indemnitor, (i) the Company is the indemnitor of first resort (i.e., the Company’s obligations to the Laredo Indemnitees are primary and any obligation of the Laredo Indemnitors to advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the same expenses or liabilities incurred by any Laredo Indemnitee are secondary), (ii) the Company shall be required to advance the full amount of expenses incurred by the Laredo Indemnitees and shall be liable for the full amount of all expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement to the extent legally permitted and as required by the terms of this Agreement (or any other agreement between the Company and the Laredo Indemnitees), and (iii) the Company and each Member, in his, her or its capacity, hereby irrevocably waives, relinquishes and releases each of the Laredo Indemnitors from any and all claims against any of the Laredo Indemnitors for contribution, subrogation or any other recovery of any kind in respect thereof. Regardless of any advancement or payment by the Laredo Indemnitors on behalf of any Laredo Indemnitee with respect to any claim for which a Laredo Indemnitee has sought indemnification from the Company, (x) the foregoing shall not be affected and (y) the Laredo Indemnitors shall have a right of contribution and/or be subrogated to the extent of such advancement or payment to all of the rights of recovery of such Laredo Indemnitee against the Company. The Laredo Indemnitors shall be express third-party beneficiaries of this Agreement for purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Section 10.10.

 

Section 10.11.       Insurance. The Company shall, to the extent determined to be appropriate by the Manager, directly or indirectly, maintain insurance (including directors’ and officers’ insurance), at its expense, to protect the Manager and each Officer, and the Company may maintain such insurance to protect itself and any other Person, in each case against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such Person against such expense, liability or loss under the Act.

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ARTICLE XI 

TRANSFER OF UNITS

 

Section 11.01.       Approved Sale.

 

(a)       Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, at any time after the Effective Date, the Manager, in its discretion, may cause, after giving written notice to the Company and the other Members, a sale of the Company (and each of the Member’s participation therewith) pursuant to a securities disposition (by Unit sale, merger, business combination, consolidation or otherwise) or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, in one or more transactions or a series of transactions (an “Approved Sale”), in accordance with the terms of this Section 11.01. Any such sale of the Company shall be pursuant to a bona fide transaction with an independent third party and at a price that the Manager determines, in good faith, to be the fair market value of the Company (or its assets) at that time. Any Member who sells any of its Units pursuant to the terms of this Section 11.01 shall make, or agree to, the same representations, warranties, covenants, indemnities and agreements as Laredo (as a Member), including any indemnification holdback (including by means of an escrow), in each case so long as the liabilities thereunder are borne pro rata based upon the allocation set forth in Section 11.01(b), except in the case of any such liabilities that relate specifically to a particular Member such as indemnification with respect to representations and warranties given by a Member regarding such Member’s title to and ownership of Units, in which case each Member will only be obligated to agree to such terms with respect to himself, herself or itself that Laredo provides in respect of itself). Subject to the foregoing in this Section 11.01(a), each Member shall take all actions reasonably requested by the Manager in connection with the consummation of the Approved Sale, including tendering such Member’s Units and consenting to, voting for and waiving any dissenters rights, appraisal rights or similar rights and participating in any exchange or other transaction required in connection with such Approved Sale; provided, however, that no Member shall be required to assume or incur any liability in excess of the amount to be distributed or paid to such Member in connection with the Approved Sale.

 

(b)       In any Approved Sale, each holder of Units shall receive, in respect of such holder’s Units, the same proportion of the aggregate consideration from such Approved Sale that such holder would have received, in respect of such holder’s Units, if such aggregate consideration were Distributable Property (and such aggregate consideration shall be deemed Distributable Property for all purposes of this Section 11.01) that was being distributed by the Company pursuant to Section 7.01 and, for this purpose, such aggregate consideration will be computed based upon (i) the cash included in such consideration distributed in such distribution, plus (ii) the Fair Market Value of any non-cash property included in such consideration distributed in such distribution; provided, however, that notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, the Manager, in its sole discretion, may elect to make any such distribution of non-cash property subject to restrictions (including the use of escrow accounts, lock-ups or other contractual restrictions on the beneficial rights in respect of such shares or other equity interests) so long as such restrictions do not adversely affect the intended economic rights, preferences, privileges or powers of the Members in respect of their Units pursuant to Section 7.01; provided, further, that the amount of Distributable Property, and the recipients thereof, shall be determined by application of Section 7.01 at the time of each distribution, and each such determination shall only take into account Distributable Property actually distributed at such time or prior to such time.

 

(c)       If the Approved Sale is a transaction for which Rule 506 under the Securities Act (or any similar rule then in effect) may be available with respect to such transaction (including a merger, consolidation or other reorganization), the Members (other than those qualifying as Accredited Investors) shall, at the request of the Manager, appoint a purchaser representative (as such term is defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act) reasonably acceptable to the Manager. If any Member appoints a purchaser representative designated by the Manager, the Company shall pay the fees of such purchaser representative, but if any Member declines to appoint the purchaser representative designated by the Manager, such Member shall, if required, appoint another purchaser representative, and such Member shall be responsible for the fees of the purchaser representative so appointed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any consideration to be received in any Approved Sale consists of securities and if the Manager and the purchaser in the Approved Sale both reasonably determine that no exemption is available under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws for the issuance of such securities to any particular Member, then, in lieu of such securities, such Member shall receive cash equivalent to the Fair Market Value of such securities.

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(d)       Each of the Members shall bear his, her or its pro rata share (based upon the allocation set forth in Section 11.01(b) by treating the costs as reducing the amount of Distributable Property) of the fees and expenses incurred in the Approved Sale to the extent such costs are incurred for the benefit of all Members and are not otherwise paid by the Company or the acquiring party. For purposes of this Section 11.01(d), fees, costs and expenses (including legal and expert fees and expenses) incurred by the Manager in connection with the consummation of an Approved Sale in accordance with this Section 11.01 shall be deemed to be for the benefit of all Members for purposes of this Section 11.01(d) whether or not the Approved Sale is consummated. Other fees, costs and expenses incurred by the Members for their own benefit will not be considered costs of the Approved Sale hereunder.

 

(e)       At least ten (10) Business Days prior to the consummation of the Approved Sale, or as otherwise requested by the Manager, each Member shall deliver to the Company to hold in escrow pending transfer of the consideration therefor any agreements or other documents reasonably required to consummate such sale, including a limited power-of-attorney authorizing the Company to take all actions necessary to sell or otherwise dispose of such Member’s Units. In the event that a Member should fail to deliver the Units or documents described herein, the Company shall cause the books and records of the Company to show that such Units are bound by the provisions of this Section 11.01 and that such Units may only be Transferred to the purchaser in such Approved Sale.

 

Section 11.02.       Transfer and Exchange. When Units are presented to the Company with a request to register the Transfer of such Units or to exchange such Units for Units of other authorized denominations, the Company shall register the Transfer or make the exchange as requested if the requirements of this Agreement for such transaction are met; provided, however, that the Units surrendered for Transfer or exchange shall be duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instrument of Transfer in form satisfactory to the Company, duly executed by the holder thereof or its attorney-in-fact and duly authorized in writing. No service charge shall be made for any registration of Transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith.

 

Section 11.03.       Substituted Members.

 

(a)       Unless a Transferee becomes a Substituted Member in accordance with Section 11.03(b), such Transferee shall not be entitled to any of the rights granted to a Member hereunder, other than the right to receive allocations of income, gain, loss, deduction, credit and similar items and distributions attributable to the Transferred Units to which the Transferring Member would otherwise be entitled, to the extent such items are Transferred.

 

(b)       A Transferee of any Units of any Member or assignee or transferee of all or any portion of a Member’s Remaining Commitment Amount in accordance with Section 12.01 shall become a Substituted Member entitled to all the rights of a Member (relating to the Transferred Units or the right to acquire Units), respectively, if, and only if, (i) the Transfer or assignment has been made in accordance with this Agreement, and (ii) the Transferee or assignee executes and delivers an Adoption Agreement and any other instruments, in form and substance satisfactory to the Manager, as the Manager may deem necessary or desirable to effect such substitution. The Company shall be entitled to treat the record owner of any Units as the absolute owner thereof in all respects and shall incur no liability for distributions of cash or other property made to such owner until such time as a Transfer of such interest that complies with the terms of this Agreement has been effected.

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ARTICLE XII 

LIMITATIONS ON TRANSFERS

 

Section 12.01.       Restrictions on Transfer.

 

(a)       No Member shall Transfer any Units except as set forth in or permitted by this Agreement. Any purported Transfer in violation of this ARTICLE XII or, if applicable, the provisions of ARTICLE XI shall be void ab initio and of no force or effect. Other than Transfers pursuant to ARTICLE XI, each Member shall cause any proposed Transferee of any Unit to agree in writing, in an instrument in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Manager, to take and hold such securities subject to the provisions and upon conditions specified in this Agreement. No Person shall make or suffer any Transfer of his, her or its Units if such Transfer would (i) cause the Company or any Member to become subject to regulation under either the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, (ii) violate, as applicable, the registration provisions of the Securities Act or the registration or qualification provisions of any applicable securities law, or (iii) without the prior consent of the Manager, cause the Company to become taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

(b)       Except as otherwise contemplated in this Agreement, Units shall not be Transferred by any Member before (i) satisfaction of the applicable conditions set forth in this Section 12.01 and, if applicable, compliance with the provisions of ARTICLE XI or (ii) except for Transfers in accordance with Section 12.01(c) or 12.01(d), receipt of consent of the Manager in its sole discretion; provided, however, that (A) any such Transfer of Units shall be subject to Section 11.03, (B) any such Transfer of Units shall comply with the last sentence of Section 12.01(a), and (C) the Transferee or assignee shall execute and deliver to the Company an Adoption Agreement.

 

(c)       Subject to Section 12.01(b), any Member may Transfer all or any of its Units to a Permitted Transferee, but only to the extent such Transferee executes and delivers to the Company an Adoption Agreement.

 

(d)       Any Transfer of Units to the Company shall be permitted notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement.

 

Section 12.02.       Restrictive Legend.

 

(a)       Securities Act Legend. Each Unit held by a Member, and each Unit issued to any subsequent Transferee of such Unit, if represented by a certificate, shall be stamped or otherwise imprinted with a legend in substantially the following form:

 

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, NOR PURSUANT TO THE SECURITIES OR “BLUE SKY” LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION. SUCH SECURITIES MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF UNTIL THE HOLDER HEREOF PROVIDES EVIDENCE SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER (WHICH, IN THE DISCRETION OF THE ISSUER, MAY INCLUDE AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SATISFACTORY TO THE ISSUER) THAT SUCH OFFER, SALE, TRANSFER, PLEDGE,  HYPOTHECATION OR OTHER DISPOSITION WILL NOT VIOLATE APPLICABLE FEDERAL OR STATE LAWS.

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(b)       Other Legends. Each Unit issued to each Member or to a subsequent Transferee, if represented by a certificate, shall include a legend in substantially the following form:

 

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER, VOTING AND OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THE AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY OPERATING AGREEMENT OF OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC DATED EFFECTIVE AS OF NOVEMBER [•], 2021, A COPY OF WHICH MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE COMPANY AT ITS PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES. THE HOLDER OF THIS CERTIFICATE AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ALL OF THE PROVISIONS OF SUCH AGREEMENT.

 

Section 12.03.       Spouses.

 

(a)       As a condition to becoming or remaining a Member, each Member that is an individual and is or becomes married, shall cause his or her spouse to promptly execute an agreement in the form of Exhibit B.

 

(b)       Any Units held by an individual who has failed to cause his or her spouse to execute an agreement in the form of Exhibit B and any Units held by a Person who is merely an assignee shall be subject to the right (but not the obligation) of the Company to acquire all of such Person’s Units for the Fair Market Value thereof, determined as of the date the Company elects to acquire such Units.

 

(c)       In the event of a property settlement or separation agreement between a Member that is an individual and his or her spouse, such Member shall use his or her best efforts to assign to his or her spouse only the right to share in profits and losses, to receive distributions, and to receive allocations of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit or similar item to which the Member was entitled, to the extent assigned.

 

(d)       If a spouse or former spouse of a Member that is an individual acquires a Unit without prior Manager approval, such spouse or former spouse hereby grants, as evidenced by Exhibit B, an irrevocable power of attorney (which shall be coupled with an interest) to the original Member who held such Units, as the case may be, to vote or to give or withhold such approval as such original Member shall himself or herself vote or approve with respect to such matter and without the necessity of the taking of any action by any such spouse or former spouse. Such power of attorney shall not be affected by the subsequent disability or incapacity of the spouse or former spouse granting such power of attorney. Such spouse or former spouse agrees that the Company shall have the right (but not the obligation) at any time to purchase all of the Units, if any, acquired by such spouse or former spouse at the Fair Market Value thereof, determined as of the date the Company elects to purchase such Units.

 

(e)       This Section 12.03 shall apply mutatis mutandis to each Member, Transferee or any of their respective Affiliates that is Controlled by (or for the benefit of) any current or former employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, which employee is married or becomes married, and such employee’s spouse.

 

Section 12.04.       Termination of Certain Restrictions. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this ARTICLE XII, the legend requirements of Section 12.02(a) shall terminate as to any Unit (a) when and so long as such Unit shall have been effectively registered under the Securities Act and disposed of pursuant thereto or disposed of pursuant to the provisions of Rule 144 (or any successor rule) thereof or (b) when the Company shall have received an opinion of counsel (or such other evidence) reasonably satisfactory to it that such Unit may be Transferred without registration thereof under the Securities Act and that such legend may be removed. Whenever the restrictions imposed by Section 12.02(a) shall terminate as to any Unit, the holder thereof, if such Unit is represented by a certificate, shall be entitled to receive from the Company, at the Company’s expense, a new certificate not bearing the restrictive legend set forth in Section 12.02(a)

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ARTICLE XIII 

ISSUANCE OF ADDITIONAL UNITS

 

Section 13.01.       Issuance of Additional Units. Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, including Section 13.02, the Manager is hereby authorized to cause the Company from time to time to issue to any Person or Persons additional Units in one or more classes, or one or more series of any of such classes, with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, powers and duties, if the Manager determines in good faith that the Company has or will have a need for additional Capital Contributions for any proper Company purpose. The Manager shall make such determination to issue additional Units in its sole and absolute discretion and without the approval of any of the Members, including (a) the allocations of items of Company income, gain, loss, deduction and credit to each such class or series of Units, (b) the right of each such class or series of Units to share in Company distributions, (c) the rights of each such class or series of Units upon dissolution and liquidation of the Company, (d) the price at and the terms and conditions on which such class or series of Units may be redeemed by the Company, if such Units are redeemable by the Company, (e) the rate at and the terms and conditions on which such class or series of Units may be converted into any other class or series of Units, if any class or series of Units are issued with the privilege of conversion, and (f) the right of such class or series of Units to vote on matters relating to the relative rights and preferences of such class or other matters. Upon the issuance of any class or series of Units, the Manager may amend any provision of this Agreement and may add any new provision to this Agreement, and execute, swear to, acknowledge, deliver, file and record amended Articles and whatever other documents may be required in connection therewith, as shall be necessary or desirable to reflect the issuance of such class or series of Units and the relative rights and preferences of such class or series of Units as to the matters set forth in the preceding sentence; provided, however, that no amendment shall be permitted hereunder that would require the consent of a Member or class of Members under Section 15.05(b) unless such consent is obtained in connection therewith. The Manager is authorized and directed to do all things it deems to be necessary or advisable in connection with any such future issuance to reflect the issuance of the Units and the admission of any Member acquiring the Units, including compliance with any statute, rule, regulation or guideline of any U.S. federal, state, or other governmental agency or any securities exchange on which the Units or other such security is listed for trading.

 

Section 13.02.       Preemptive Rights.

 

(a)       General. Each Member that is an Accredited Investor (or has appointed a purchaser representative (as such term is defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act)) shall have a preemptive right to purchase its pro rata share of all Equity Securities (based on its Sharing Percentage), as defined below, that the Company may, from time to time, propose to issue and sell after the date hereof, other than the Equity Securities excluded by Section 13.02(c). The term “Equity Securities” means (i) any Unit, (ii) any security convertible, with or without consideration, into any Unit (including any option to purchase such a convertible security), (iii) any security carrying any warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any Unit or (iv) any such warrant or right.

 

(b)       Exercise of Rights. If the Company proposes to issue any Equity Securities (other than Equity Securities excluded by Section 13.02(c)) after the date hereof (the “New Equity Securities”), the Company shall give each Member that is an Accredited Investor (or has appointed a purchaser representative (as such term is defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act)) written notice of such issuance of the New Equity Securities (which notice may be provided prior to or contemporaneously with such issuance of the New Equity Securities, or thereafter, but not later than thirty (30) days after the completion of such issuance of the New Equity Securities), describing the New Equity Securities and the price and terms and conditions upon which the New Equity Securities are to be or were issued or sold. Subject to Section 13.02(c), each Member that is an Accredited Investor (or has appointed a purchaser representative (as such term is defined in Rule 501 under the Securities Act)) shall have twenty (20) days from the giving of such notice to agree to purchase, for the price and upon the terms and conditions specified in such notice, up to (i) if the New Equity Securities have not yet been issued, such Member’s pro rata share of the New Equity Securities (based on its Sharing Percentage) or (ii) if the New Equity Securities have already been issued, the amount of additional Equity Securities of the same class and having identical rights, preferences, privileges and powers as such New Equity Securities that, if purchased by such Member, would result in such Member’s share of the aggregate amount of such New Equity Securities and any Equity Securities issued in connection therewith pursuant to this Section 13.02(b) being equal to such Member’s pro rata share of the New Equity Securities (based on its Sharing Percentage) had such Member participated fully in the issuance of the New Equity Securities, in each case by giving written notice to the Company and stating therein the quantity of New Equity Securities (if the New Securities have not yet been issued) or additional Equity Securities (if the New Equity Securities have already been issued) to be purchased by such Member. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to offer or sell such Equity Securities to any such Member if such offer or sale would cause the Company to violate any applicable securities law requirements.

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(c)        Excluded Securities. The preemptive rights established by this Section 13.02(b) shall have no application to any of the following Equity Securities:

 

(i)       Units issued (A) on the date hereof, (B) pursuant to Section 5.01(a), or (C) pursuant to Section 5.02 (with respect to a Remaining Commitment Amount);

 

(ii)       any Equity Securities issued for consideration pursuant to a merger, consolidation, acquisition or similar business combination;

 

(iii)       any Equity Securities issued in connection with any split, dividend or recapitalization by the Company; and

 

(iv)       any Equity Securities issued pursuant to any equipment leasing arrangement, or debt financing from a bank or similar financial institution.

 

ARTICLE XIV 

DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION

 

Section 14.01.       Dissolution. The Company shall be dissolved upon (a) the election of the Manager, (b) entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Company pursuant to the Act, (c) at any time there are no Members, unless the Company is continued in accordance with the Act, or (d) an Approved Sale.

 

Section 14.02.       Effect of Dissolution. Upon dissolution, the Company shall cease carrying on its business but shall not terminate until the winding up of the affairs of the Company is completed, the assets of the Company shall have been distributed as provided below and a statement of dissolution of the Company has been filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Montana.

 

Section 14.03.       Liquidation Upon Dissolution. Upon the dissolution of the Company, sole and plenary authority to effectuate the liquidation of the assets of the Company shall be vested in the Manager, who shall have full power and authority to sell, assign and encumber any and all of the Company’s assets and to wind up and liquidate the affairs of the Company in an orderly and business-like manner. The proceeds of liquidation of the assets of the Company distributable upon a dissolution and winding up of the Company shall be applied in the following order of priority: 

 

(a)       first, to the creditors of the Company, including creditors who are Members, in the order of priority provided by Applicable Law, in satisfaction of all liabilities and obligations of the Company (of any nature whatsoever, including fixed or contingent, matured or unmatured, legal or equitable, secured or unsecured), whether by payment or the making of reasonable provision for payment thereof; and

 

(b)       thereafter, to the Members in accordance with ARTICLE VII

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Section 14.04.       Negative Capital Accounts. No Member shall be liable to the Company or to any other Member for any negative balance outstanding in each such Member’s Capital Account, whether such negative Capital Account results from the allocation of losses or other items of deduction and loss to such Member or from distributions to such Member, and such Member shall not have any obligation to make any contribution to the capital of the Company with respect to such deficit, and such deficit shall not be considered a debt owed to the Company or, except as required by the Act, to any other Person for any purpose whatsoever.

 

Section 14.05.       Winding Up and Certificate of Cancellation. The winding up of the Company shall be completed when all of its debts, liabilities, and obligations have been paid and discharged or reasonably adequate provision therefor has been made, and all of the remaining property and assets of the Company have been distributed to the Members. Upon the completion of the winding up of the Company, a statement of dissolution of the Company shall be filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Montana.

 

ARTICLE XV 

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

 

Section 15.01.       Notices. All notices provided for or permitted to be given pursuant to this Agreement must be in writing and shall be given or served by (a) depositing the same with a national overnight delivery service company which tracks deliveries, addressed to the party to be notified, with all charges paid and proof of receipt requested, (b) delivering such notice in person to such party, or (c) facsimile or other electronic transmission. All notices are to be sent to or made at the Company’s principal office (with a copy, which shall not constitute notice, to: Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC, 398 Sage Lane, Winnett, Montana 59087, Attention: Mark See) or the addresses set forth in Exhibit A (in the case of a Member). All notices given in accordance with this Agreement shall be effective upon delivery at the address of the addressee. Each Member shall have the right from time to time to change his, her or its address by written notice to the other Members.

 

Section 15.02.       Governing Law. This Agreement, the obligations of the Members hereunder, and any disputes or claims hereunder, shall be governed by, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Montana, excluding any conflicts of law rule or principle that might refer such construction to the laws of another jurisdiction.

 

Section 15.03.       Arbitration. Each of the parties shall use its reasonable efforts to resolve any dispute among the parties that relates to this Agreement (or any other agreement contemplated hereby) and to settle any such dispute through joint cooperation and consultation. Subject to Section 15.12, any dispute whatsoever among any of the parties with respect to the interpretation of, or relating to any alleged breach of, this Agreement (or any other agreement contemplated hereby) that the parties are unable to resolve within sixty (60) days, as set forth in the preceding sentence, shall be resolved by final and binding arbitration before a single arbitrator selected and serving under the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. Any such arbitration shall be held in the City of Denver, in the State of Colorado, unless another location is mutually agreed upon by the parties to such arbitration. Such arbitration shall be the exclusive remedy hereunder with respect to the subject matter of such arbitration; provided, however, that nothing contained in this Section 15.03 shall limit any party’s right to bring (a) post arbitration actions seeking to enforce an arbitration award or (b) actions seeking injunctive or other similar relief in the event of a breach or threatened breach of any of the provisions of this Agreement (or any other agreement contemplated hereby). If this Section 15.03 is for any reason held to be invalid or otherwise inapplicable with respect to any dispute, then any action or proceeding brought with respect to any dispute arising under this Agreement, or to interpret or clarify any rights or obligations arising hereunder, shall be maintained solely and exclusively in the state or U.S. federal courts in the State of Colorado. With respect to any action or proceeding that a successful party to the arbitration may wish to bring to enforce any arbitral award or to seek injunctive or other similar relief in the event of the breach or threatened breach of this Agreement (or any other agreement contemplated hereby), each party irrevocably and unconditionally (and without limitation): (i) submits to and accepts, for itself and in respect of its assets, generally and unconditionally the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the United States and the State of Colorado; (ii) waives any objection it may have now or in the future that such action or proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum; (iii) agrees that in any such action or proceeding it will not raise, rely on or claim any immunity (including from suit, judgment, attachment before judgment or otherwise, execution or other enforcement); (iv) waives any right of immunity which it has or its assets may have at any time; and (v) consents generally to the giving of any relief or the issue of any process in connection with any such action or proceeding including the making, enforcement or execution of any order or judgment against any of its property. Each party shall use reasonable best efforts to cause any proceeding conducted pursuant to this Section 15.03 to be held in confidence by the American Arbitration Association, the arbitrator and each of the parties to such proceeding and their respective Affiliates, and all information relating to or disclosed by any party thereto in connection with such proceeding shall be treated by the parties thereto, their respective affiliates and the arbitrator as confidential business information and no disclosure of such information shall be made by any party thereto, its Affiliates or the arbitrator without the prior written consent of the party thereto furnishing such information in connection with the arbitration proceeding, except as required by Applicable Law or to enforce any award of the arbitrator. The party whom the arbitrator determines is the prevailing party in such arbitration shall receive, in addition to any other award pursuant to such arbitration or associated judgment, reimbursement from the other party of all reasonable legal fees incurred with respect to such arbitration.

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Section 15.04.       Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY KNOWINGLY AND VOLUNTARILY WAIVES, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LITIGATION IN ANY COURT WITH RESPECT TO, IN CONNECTION WITH, OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY ANCILLARY AGREEMENT OR THE VALIDITY, PROTECTION, INTERPRETATION, COLLECTION OR ENFORCEMENT THEREOF.

 

Section 15.05.       Entire Agreement; Amendments.

 

(a)       This Agreement and its Exhibits constitute the entire agreement among the Members relative to the formation and governance of the Company and supersede all prior contracts or agreements with respect to the Company, whether oral or written, including the Original Agreement. Notwithstanding any oral agreement or course of action of the parties hereto to the contrary, no party hereto shall be under any legal obligation to enter into or complete the transactions contemplated hereby unless and until this Agreement shall have been executed and delivered by each of the parties.

 

(b)       Except as set forth below, no amendment of this Agreement will be valid or binding upon the Members, nor will any waiver of any term of this Agreement be effective, without the approval of the Manager of such amendment and unless in writing and signed by Members holding at least a Majority; provided, however, that:

 

(i)       no amendment or waiver of this Agreement shall be effected that materially adversely affects the rights of any holder of Units without the consent of such holder, unless such amendment applies equally to all holders of Units;

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(ii)       no amendment of this Agreement shall be effected that obligates a Member to contribute capital to the Company (other than as set forth in Section 5.01(a) or Section 5.02) without the consent and approval of such Member; and

 

(iii)       no amendment of this Agreement that adversely affects the rights of any indemnitee under ARTICLE X with respect to acts or omissions of such indemnitee at any time prior to such amendment shall apply to such indemnitee without the written consent of such indemnitee.

 

(c)        Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Manager shall be authorized to amend this Agreement, without the approval of any Member, pursuant to ARTICLE XIII or with respect to any of the following matters:

 

(i)       entering into agreements with Persons that are Transferees or new Members pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, providing that such Transferees or new Members will be bound by this Agreement and will become Members of the Company and in accordance with ARTICLE XII;

 

(ii)       (A) satisfying any requirements, conditions, guidelines or opinions contained in any opinion, directive, order, ruling or regulation of the Commission, the Internal Revenue Service or any other U.S. federal or state or non-U.S. governmental agency, or in any U.S. federal or state or non-U.S. statute, compliance with which the Manager deems to be in the best interest of the Company, or (B) changing the name of the Company;

 

(iii)       curing any ambiguity or correcting or supplementing any provision hereof that may be incomplete or inconsistent with any other provision hereof, so long as such amendment under this clause (c) does not adversely affect the rights or obligations of any Member; and

 

(iv)       authorizing, creating or issuing a new class or series of Units or other Equity Securities having rights with respect to distributions that are senior to each and every class or series of Units existing immediately prior to the applicable amendment, so that no such new class or series of Units would have the effect of disproportionately and adversely affecting the holders of one existing class or series of Units relative to another existing class or series of Units.

 

Section 15.06.       Confidentiality.

 

(a)       Each Member agrees that this Agreement and the terms and conditions contained herein and all proprietary, confidential or other non-public information received from or otherwise relating to, the Company or any third party who has entrusted the Company with its Confidential Information with the expectation that such information will be kept confidential, is confidential and will not be (i) disclosed or otherwise released to any other Person without the prior written consent of the Manager, (ii) used for anything other than as necessary and appropriate in carrying out the business of the Company or (iii) used in any manner detrimental to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. With respect to any disclosure or release of Confidential Information to other Persons pursuant to clause (i) above, such Person receiving the Confidential Information shall be informed of its confidential nature and be instructed to keep such information confidential. The obligations of the parties hereunder do not preclude Laredo and its Affiliates from disclosing information to their respective beneficial owners, actual or potential financing sources, employees, advisors or representatives or as it may reasonably deem to be appropriate in connection with fundraising efforts, financial reporting, investment opportunities, Transfers or proposed Transfers of Units or otherwise, so long as such Persons are informed of the confidential nature of such information. The restrictions set forth herein do not apply to any disclosures (x) to the extent required by Applicable Law or stock exchange rules or (y) in response to any summons or subpoena or discovery or similar request by or before any court, arbitrator or governmental authority or pursuant to a request by a regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the business of the disclosing party; provided, however, that with respect to any disclosure pursuant to subclause (x) or (y) the disclosing party shall use reasonable best efforts to notify the Company and the Members in advance of such disclosure so as to permit the Company to seek a protective order or otherwise contest such disclosure, and such disclosing party shall use reasonable best efforts to cooperate, at the expense of the Company, with the Company in pursuing such protective order.

41

 

(b)       Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, Laredo shall have the right to disclose Confidential Information of the Company and its Affiliates (i) pursuant to a confidentiality agreement in connection with a proposed or prospective Transfer of any Units and Laredo shall have the right to require the Company and its Subsidiaries and its and their respective officers, employees, representatives and advisors to cooperate fully with potential acquirors in any proposed or prospective Transfer of any Units by taking all customary and other actions reasonably requested, including making the Company’s properties, books and records, and other assets reasonably available for inspection by such potential acquirors, establishing a physical or electronic data room including materials customarily made available to potential acquirors in connection with such processes and being reasonably available for presentations, interviews and other diligence activities, in each case subject to reasonable and customary confidentiality provisions, (ii) to any Affiliate or Subsidiary of Laredo, or any actual or potential debt or equity financing source thereof. The Company shall provide assistance with respect to these actions as reasonably requested by Laredo.

 

(c)        Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 15.06, no Member shall be prohibited from: (i) making a good faith report of possible violations of Applicable Law to any governmental agency or entity; or (ii) making disclosures that are protected under the whistleblower provisions of Applicable Law.

 

(d)       The obligations of each Member under this Section 15.06 shall continue after the date such Person ceases to be a Member, but thereafter such Person shall not have the right to enforce this Section 15.06.

 

Section 15.07.       Waiver. No consent or waiver, express or implied, by any Member of any breach or default by any other Member in the performance by the other Member of his, her or its obligations hereunder shall be deemed or construed to be a consent or waiver to or of any other breach or default in the performance by such other Member of the same or any other obligation hereunder. Failure on the part of any Member to complain of any act or to declare any other Member in default, regardless of how long such failure continues, shall not constitute a waiver of rights hereunder.

 

Section 15.08.       Severability. Subject to Section 10.08, if any provision of this Agreement or the application thereof to any Person or circumstances shall be invalid or unenforceable to any extent, and such invalidity or unenforceability does not destroy the basis of the bargain between the parties, then the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provisions to other Persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby and shall be enforced to the greatest extent permitted by Applicable Law.

 

Section 15.09.       Ownership of Property and Right of Partition. A Unit shall be personal property for all purposes. No Member shall have any right to partition the property owned by the Company.

 

Section 15.10.       Further Assurances. In connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, each Member shall execute and deliver any additional documents and instruments and perform any additional acts that may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate and perform the provisions of this Agreement and those transactions.

 

Section 15.11.       Parties in Interest. This Agreement shall be binding solely upon, be enforceable solely by, and inure solely to the benefit of, the Company, each Member and his, her or its respective successors, permitted assigns and Transferees, and, except as otherwise provided in Section 3.04, ARTICLE X and Section 15.05(b)(iii), nothing in this Agreement (express or implied) is intended to confer upon any other Person any rights or remedies of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement. Each Covered Person is hereby granted third- party beneficiary status with respect to ARTICLE X and shall be entitled to enforce such obligations as if such Covered Person were a party hereto.

42

 

Section 15.12.       Specific Performance. Each Member agrees that the other Members would be damaged irreparably and would have no adequate remedy at law in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement are not performed in accordance with their specific terms or are otherwise breached. Accordingly, each Member shall be entitled to seek an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement by the other Members and to enforce specifically this Agreement and the terms and provisions hereof, this being in addition to any other remedies to which such Member is entitled at law or in equity, without proof of actual damages or any obligation to post any bond or other security as a prerequisite to obtaining equitable relief. Each Member agrees not to dispute or resist any such application for relief on the basis that another Member has an adequate remedy at law or that damage arising from such non-performance or breach is not irreparable.

 

Section 15.13.       Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts (including by facsimile or other electronic means) with the same effect as if all signing parties had signed the same document. All counterparts shall be construed together and constitute the same instrument.

 

Section 15.14.       Publicity. Neither the Company nor any Member shall, and they shall cause their respective Affiliates not to, make any press release, public announcement or other public communication (including an internet posting, web blog or other electronic publication) that makes reference to the Company, this Agreement or the transactions contemplated herein without prior approval of the Manager.

 

Section 15.15.       Legal Counsel.

 

(a)       Each Member hereby acknowledges that the Member has been advised that such Member should seek and has had the opportunity to seek independent legal counsel to this Agreement on such Member’s behalf and to obtain the advice of such legal counsel relating to this Agreement and any other documents relating hereto.

 

(b)       Each Member further acknowledges and agrees that the Company has retained Beatty & Wozniak, PC in connection with the formation and organization of, and the offering of interests in, the Company. Each Member acknowledges and agrees that, whether or not Beatty & Wozniak, PC has in the past represented or is currently representing such Member with respect to other matters, Beatty & Wozniak, PC does not represent, or owe any duty to, any Member or the Members as a group in connection with (i) the preparation or negotiation of this Agreement or (ii) the formation, organization, management or operation of, or offering of interests in, the Company. In the event any dispute or controversy arises between any Member, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, then Beatty & Wozniak, PC may represent the Company in any such dispute or controversy, and each Member hereby consents to such representation.

 

Section 15.16.       No Presumption Against Drafting Party. Each of the parties hereto acknowledges that it has been represented by counsel in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Accordingly, any rule of law or any legal decision that would require interpretation of any claimed ambiguities in this Agreement against the drafting party has no application and is expressly waived.

 

[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY 

LEFT BLANK; SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has entered into this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

THE COMPANY:  
   
OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC
   
By: /s/ Mark See  
Name: Mark See  
Title: Manager  
   
THE MANAGER:  
   
LAREDO OIL, INC.  
   
By:  /s/ Mark See  
Name: Mark See  
Title: CEO  

 

[Member Signature Pages Follow]

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO A&R LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT – OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has entered into this Agreement as of the date first written above.

  

MEMBER:  
   
LAREDO OIL, INC.  
   
By: /s/ Mark See  
Name: Mark See  
Title: CEO  

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO A&R LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT – OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has entered into this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

MEMBER:  
   
ANATOMA FIELDS LLC  
   
By: /s/ Kenneth A Lipson  
Name: Kenneth Lipson  
Title: Managing Member  

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO A&R LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT – OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has entered into this Agreement as of the date first written above.

  

MEMBER:  
   
DR. KEVIN FOLEY  
   
By: /s/ K Foley, MD  
     

SIGNATURE PAGE TO A&R LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT – OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has entered into this Agreement as of the date first written above.

  

MEMBER:  
   
DR. KEVIN FOLEY  
   
By: /s/ K Foley, MD  

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO A&R LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT – OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has entered into this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

MEMBER:  
   
DANIELS PETROLEUM, INC.  
   
By:  /s/ Barreth D. Baker  
Name: Barreth D. Baker  
Title: President  

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO A&R LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT – OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has entered into this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

MEMBER:  
   
FRANK P. BOOK REALTY. CO., INC.
   
By:  /s/ Frank Palm Book III  
Name:  
Title:  

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO A&R LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT – OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has entered into this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

MEMBER:  
   
RANDALL BOOK  
   
By:  /s/ Randall Book  

 

SIGNATURE PAGE TO A&R LLC OPERATING AGREEMENT – OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

MEMBERS

 

Name Address Commitment
Amount
Initial Capital
Contribution
Remaining
Commitment
Amount
Initial Number
of Units to be
Issued
Total Number
of Units Issued
Sharing
Percentage
Laredo Oil, Inc. 398 Sage Lane
Winnett, MT 59087
$500,000 $500,000* $0 500,000 500,000 33.34%
Anatoma Fields LLC 75 27th Avenue
San Francisco, CA 94121
$250,000 $250,000 $0 250,000 250,000 16.67%
Dr. Kevin Foley 9460 Inglewood Cove
Germantown, TN 38139
$300,000 $300,000 $0 300,000 300,000 20.00%
Daniels Petroleum, Inc. 1499 Blake Street, Suite 7-K
Denver, CO 80202
$200,000 $200,000 $0 200,000 200,000 13.33%
Frank P. Book Realty, Co., Inc. 7730 West Lakeshore Drive
Shreveport, LA 71107
$125,000 $125,000 $0 125,000 125,000 8.33%
Randall Book 25529 Hillsdale Drive
Novi, MI 48374
$125,000 $125,000 $0 125,000 125,000 8.33%
  Total  $1,500,000 $1,500,000 $0 1,500,000 1,500,000 100.00%

 

* Includes the Laredo Initial Contribution Amount.

 

Exhibit A

 

 

EXHIBIT B

 

CONSENT OF SPOUSE

 

I, the undersigned spouse of __________________________, one of the Members of Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC (the “Company”), hereby acknowledge that I have read the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of the Company, dated _____________ ___, 2021 (the “Agreement”), as amended, restated or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms, and that I understand its contents. I hereby consent to and approve of the provisions of the Agreement, as it may be amended, restated or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms, and agree that the Units (as defined in the Agreement) held by my spouse and my interest in such Units are subject to such provisions. I hereby agree, for the benefit of the Company (which is relying hereupon) that (i) my spouse’s interest in the Company is subject to the Agreement and the other agreements referred to therein and any interest I may have in the Company or its equity shall be irrevocably bound by the Agreement and the other agreements referred to therein and any marital, elective share or community property interests I may have in the Company or its equity shall be similarly bound, and (ii) I will take no action at any time to hinder the operations of the Company.

 

Dated: ___________________, 20__

 

   
  Name:  
   
  Address:  
   

 

Exhibit B

 

 

EXHIBIT C

 

ADOPTION AGREEMENT

 

This Adoption Agreement is executed by the undersigned pursuant to the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC (the “Company”), dated as of ____________ ___, 2021, as amended, restated or supplemented from time to time in accordance with its terms, a copy of which is attached hereto and is incorporated herein by reference (the “Agreement”). By the execution of this Adoption Agreement, the undersigned agrees as follows:

 

1.       Acknowledgment. The undersigned acknowledges that [he/she] is acquiring ___ Units of the Company as a Member, subject to the terms and conditions of the Agreement (including the Exhibits thereto), as amended from time to time. Capitalized terms used herein without definition are defined in the Agreement and are used herein with the same meanings set forth therein.

 

2.       Agreement. The undersigned hereby joins in, and agrees to be bound by, subject to, and enjoy the benefit of the applicable rights and obligations set forth in, the Agreement (including the Exhibits thereto), with the same force and effect as if he/she were originally a party thereto.

 

3.       Notice. Any notice required or permitted by the Agreement shall be given to the undersigned at the address listed below.

 

4.       Additional Representations, Warranties and Covenants.1 The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that (i) one hundred percent (100%) of the equity of the undersigned is owned by [Name of transferring Member] or [his/her] Family Members free and clear of all liens, (ii) the undersigned has no indebtedness, and (iii) the undersigned is a [type of entity] established by [Name of transferring Member] to own certain assets for estate-planning purposes. The undersigned agrees that, without the prior consent of the Manager, the undersigned shall not sell, assign, transfer, exchange, mortgage, pledge, grant a security interest, or dispose of its respective equity to Persons who are not Family Members of [Name of transferring Member] or otherwise cause the undersigned to be under Control of Persons who are not Family Members of [Name of transferring Member]. The undersigned hereby irrevocably grants [Name of transferring Member] the power, right and authority to act on behalf of and in the name of the undersigned, for the purposes of this Agreement, including the power to vote, execute documents, attend meetings, vote as a Member, grant consent, and perform any other actions that may be required of the undersigned, pursuant to the terms of the Agreement.

 

5.       Governing Law. This Adoption Agreement, the obligations of the undersigned, and any disputes or claims hereunder, shall be governed by, construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Montana, excluding any conflicts of law rule or principle that might refer such construction to the laws of another jurisdiction.

 

EXECUTED AND DATED on this       day of                             ,20 .

 

  [Name]
   
  Notice Address:  
   
   
  Facsimile:  

 

 

1 This Section 4 is to be used in the event a transfer is made by a Member to a personal corporation or trust.

 

Exhibit C

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 10.4

 

NET PROFITS INTEREST AGREEMENT

 

This Net Profits Interest Agreement (this “Agreement”) dated October [●], 2021 (the “Effective Date”), is by and among Lustre Oil Company LLC, a Montana limited liability company (“Lustre”), Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC, a Colorado limited liability company (“Erehwon” and together with Lustre, “Owners”), Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC, a Montana limited liability company (“Holdings”), and Laredo Oil, Inc., a Delaware corporation (for the limited purpose of the Payment Credit as set forth in Section 2) (“Laredo”). Lustre, Erehwon and Holdings may collectively be referred to herein as the “Parties” and each as a “Party.”

 

RECITALS

 

A.       Owners desire to drill, complete and equip the Olfert #11-4 well located (or to be located) in Section 4, Township 30 North, Range 44 East, Valley County, Montana (the “Well”).

 

B.       Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Holdings has agreed to pay the Well Development Costs (defined below) in exchange for the grant and payment of the Net Profits Interest (defined below).

 

AGREEMENT

 

In consideration of the mutual promises, premises, covenants and agreements set forth and referenced in this Agreement, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:

 

1.         Grant of Net Profits Interest. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including Holdings paying the Well Development Costs as provided in Sections 2 and 3), Owners hereby agree to pay Holdings the Applicable Percentage of the Net Profits (the “Net Profits Interest”) is accordance with the following terms:

 

(a)       Applicable Percentage. The term (i) “Applicable Percentage” means (A) prior to Payout, 90%, and (B) after Payout, 50%; (ii) “Payout” means the point in time when the aggregate of all Net Profits Interest payments made to Holdings hereunder equal 105% of the Well Development Costs; and (iii) “Well Development Costs” means all costs and expenses incurred by Owners, whether before, on or after the Effective Date, to drill (including any activity related to moving in, rigging up, logging and testing the Well, constructing and upgrading access roads, obtaining and preparing the drillsite, obtaining permits and division order or drill site title opinions, obtaining drilling contractor services and consultants necessary for the drilling of the Well, obtaining mud, chemicals, pipe and supplies, and any other activities related to the foregoing), complete (including any activity related to preparing the Well drilled to total depth for production, installation of production casing, perforating, conducting fracture stimulation and drilling out of fracture plugs or, in the event the Well is not completed as a well capable of producing in paying quantities, plugging and abandoning the Well), and equip (including installing tubing and any other equipment or activities required to bring the Well to first sale, artificial lift, well stimulation and production testing) the Well.

 

(b)       Net Profits. Lustre shall maintain an account (the “Net Profits Account”) that sets forth the Net Profits for each calendar quarter. The term “Net Profits” shall mean an amount (not less than zero) determined for each calendar quarter by (i) deducting (A) the aggregate of any negative balance existing in the Net Profits Account at the first of such calendar quarter, plus (B) the total charges properly made thereto pursuant to Section 1(b)(ii) during such calendar quarter, from (ii) the total credits properly made thereto pursuant to Section 1(b)(i) during such calendar quarter. To the extent that the aggregate charges exceed aggregate credits at the end of any calendar quarter, such excess charges shall be carried forward to the following calendar quarter. The Net Profits Account balance as of the Effective Date is $0.

 

 

(i)       Credits to Net Profits Account. Each calendar quarter the Net Profits Account shall be credited with an amount equal to the sum of: (A) all proceeds actually received during such quarter by Owners from the sale or other disposition of oil, gas, casinghead gas, condensate and other gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons (“Hydrocarbons”) produced from the Well, after deducting therefrom all third-party royalties, overriding royalties, production payments and other burdens upon, measured by, or payable out of production of Hydrocarbons from the Well; (B) monies received by Owners attributable to any future contracts, forward contracts, swap, cap or collar contracts, option contracts, hedging contracts or other derivative contracts or similar agreements covering oil and gas commodities or prices with respect to Hydrocarbons produced from the Well; (C) monies received by Owners pursuant to any gas balancing agreement pertaining to Hydrocarbons produced from the Well; and (D) amounts received by Owners as a result of a refund of taxes (other than income taxes) previously paid on Hydrocarbons produced from the Well to the extent that such taxes were previously charged against the Net Profits Account pursuant to Section 1(b)(ii).

 

(ii)      Charges Against the Net Profits Account. Each calendar quarter there shall be charged against the Net Profits Account an amount equal to the sum of the following items of costs and expenses actually paid by Owners during such calendar quarter: (A) all costs and expenses incurred in the operation and maintenance of the Well and the production and marketing of Hydrocarbons therefrom (excluding Well Development Costs), such items of cost to include but not be limited to: (1) all costs of complying with applicable local, state, tribal and federal statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations; (2) all costs of lifting and producing Hydrocarbons from the Well, including all costs of labor, fuel, repairs, hauling, materials, supplies, utility charges, minor workover and other remedial well servicing operations and other costs incident thereto; (3) all costs of gathering, marketing, compressing, dehydrating, separating, treating, processing, transporting, and marketing Hydrocarbons produced from the Well; (4) all direct charges and operating charges paid, pursuant to joint operating agreements, master services agreements or similar agreements or arrangements, to any third-party(ies) for services rendered in conducting operations and/or maintenance on the Well (and related equipment and facilities); and (5) all delay rentals, shut-in well payments, minimum royalties, and other payments made in connection with the maintenance of the Well and the oil and gas leases attributable thereto; (B) all taxes (except income taxes) paid by Owners relating to the Well, including, without limitation, ad valorem, property, production, severance, gathering, windfall profit, occupation and any other similar taxes assessed against or attributable to the Well or Hydrocarbons produced therefrom; (C) all capital expenditures of Owners related to the operation and maintenance of the Well; (D) monies paid by Owners attributable to any future contracts, forward contracts, swap, cap or collar contracts, option contracts, hedging contracts or other derivative contracts or similar agreements covering oil and gas commodities or prices with respect to Hydrocarbons produced from the Well; and (E) proceeds reclaimed from or returned by Owners as the result of the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of a purchaser of production, which proceeds have been previously paid to Holdings.

2

 

HOLDINGS, BY ITS ACCEPTANCE OF THE NET PROFITS INTEREST, CLEARLY AND UNEQUIVOCALLY EXPRESSES ITS INTENT THAT THE CHARGES TO THE NET PROFITS ACCOUNT CONTAINED IN SECTION 1(b)(ii) SHALL BE APPLICABLE REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OR NOT THE LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES AND DAMAGES THAT MAY BE DEBITED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH SECTION AROSE SOLELY OR IN PART FROM THE ACTIVE, PASSIVE OR CONCURRENT NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER FAULT OF OWNERS OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES, OTHER THAN THE GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT OF AN OWNER OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES.

 

Nothing set forth in this Agreement shall be interpreted or applied in any manner that shall ever require or permit any duplication of all or any part of any credit or debit (or reduction thereto) to the Net Profits Account with respect to the same transaction, item of expense or charge, under this Agreement, or that shall ever require or permit any inclusion of any charge to the Net Profits Account that is reimbursed to Owners by nonaffiliated third-parties.

 

2.         Payment of Initial Well Development Costs. As consideration for the Net Profits Interest granted herein, Holdings hereby agrees to pay 100% of the Well Development Costs. The Parties and Laredo hereby acknowledge and agree that, prior to the Effective Date, Laredo paid (either directly or on behalf of Lustre) $59,935 of Well Development Costs, which payments shall be deemed to have been made by or on behalf of Holdings for purposes of this Agreement (the “Payment Credit”). Within ten business days after the execution of this Agreement, Holdings shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, $690,065 by wire transfer in immediately available funds (the “Development Funds”) to Lustre at the following account:

 

Bank Name: First Interstate Bank
Bank Address: 7265 US Hwy 93 S, Lakeside, Montana 59922-0769
Routing number: 092901683
Beneficiary name: Lustre Oil Company LLC
Beneficiary account:   1007520776
Beneficiary address: 398 Sage Lane, Winnett, Montana 59087
   

The Development Funds may be held as part of Lustre’s general funds but shall be segregated for accounting purposes. Lustre shall use the Development Funds only to pay or reimburse itself and/or Erehwon for payment of Well Development Costs. If Lustre from time to time reasonably determines that the Well Development Costs will (or will likely) exceed the Development Funds, Lustre shall submit a written notice (an “Additional Funds Notice”) to Holdings describing the amount by which the Well Development Costs are expected to exceed the Development Funds (the “Additional Development Funds”). Within five business days following receipt of an Additional Funds Notice, Holdings shall remit the Additional Development Funds to Lustre by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the account set forth above or as otherwise specified by Lustre in writing (and confirmed by telephone) in the applicable Additional Funds Notice. Within 90 days after Hydrocarbons are produced from the Well (or the Well is plugged and abandoned if it is a dry hole), Lustre shall refund to Holdings any Development Funds (including any Additional Development Funds), without any interest thereon, received by Lustre in excess of the total Well Development Costs.

3

 

3.         Payment of Subsequent Well Development Costs. If Owners desire to rework, sidetrack, deepen, recomplete or plug back the Well (including after the Well is no longer capable of producing in paying quantities), Owners shall give written notice of the proposed operation to Holdings and the estimated Well Development Costs of the proposed operation (a “Subsequent Operations Notice”). Holdings shall have 20 days after receipt of the Subsequent Operations Notice within which to notify Owners whether it elects to pay the Well Development Costs of the proposed operation. Failure of Holdings to reply within the specified period shall constitute an election by Holdings not to pay the Well Development Costs of the proposed operation. If Holdings does not elect to pay the Well Development Costs of the proposed operation, or if Holdings does not timely pay such Well Development Costs, then following such election (or deemed election) or failure to timely pay, this Agreement shall terminate and Owners shall have no further obligation to pay the Net Profits Interest, except with respect to amounts which were accrued but unpaid prior to such termination. If Holdings elects to pay the Well Development Costs of the proposed operation, then Holdings shall remit such Well Development Costs in the same manner as Additional Development Funds are paid to Lustre in Section 2.

 

4.         Payment of Operating Costs and Expenses. Except for the Well Development Costs, Holdings shall not be personally responsible for the payment of any of the costs and expenses charged against the Net Profits Account pursuant to Section 1(b)(ii) or for any liabilities incurred in connection with the operation and maintenance of the Well.

 

5.         Disbursements to Holdings. To the extent that, at the end of any calendar quarter, there exists a positive balance in the Net Profits Account (the “Quarterly Net Profits”), (a) Lustre shall disburse to Holdings at the address set forth in Section 15, within 60 days after the end of such calendar quarter, an amount equal to the Applicable Percentage of such Quarterly Net Profits, and (b) the balance in the Net Profits Account shall reset to $0 as of the first day of the following calendar quarter.

 

6.         Overpayment. If Lustre ever pays Holdings more than the amount of money then due and payable to Holdings under this Agreement, Holdings shall not be obligated to return the overpayment, but the Company may at any time thereafter reduce the gross proceeds used to calculate the Net Profits and retain for its own account an amount equal to the overpayment.

 

7.         Statements. On each payment date, Lustre shall deliver to Holdings a summary of the computation of the Net Profits Interest for the calendar quarter for which such payment relates, including the charges and credits made to the Net Profits Account.

 

(a)       If Holdings disputes any item or items included in any statement required by this Section 7, it must notify Lustre in writing within 60 days following the date that Holdings receives such statement. Such notice must set forth in reasonable detail the specific charges complained of and to which exception is taken or the specific credits which should have been made and allowed.

 

(b)       Lustre and Holdings shall make reasonable efforts to resolve any disagreement regarding the calculation of the Net Profits Interest. If Lustre and Holdings are unable to resolve a disagreement or dispute with respect to the calculation of the Net Profits Interest, either Party may submit the dispute to a mutually agreeable, nationally recognized accounting firm to act as sole arbitrator (the “Accounting Arbitrator”) to decide all such unresolved points of disagreement and dispute. If Lustre and Holdings are unable to mutually agree on the selection of an accounting firm to serve as the Arbitrator, either Party may apply to the Denver, Colorado office of the American Arbitration Association to choose the Accounting Arbitrator. The Accounting Arbitrator shall conduct the arbitration proceedings in Denver, Colorado in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, to the extent such rules do not conflict with the terms of this Section 7. The Accounting Arbitrator’s determination shall be made within 45 days after submission of the matters in dispute and shall be final and binding on the Parties. In making its decision, the Accounting Arbitrator shall be bound by the terms of this Agreement. The Accounting Arbitrator shall act as an expert for the limited purpose of determining the specific disputed aspects of the calculation of the Net Profits Interest submitted by a Party and may not award damages, interest or penalties to any Party with respect to any matter. Each Party bear its own legal fees and other costs of presenting its case. Owners shall bear one-half and Holdings shall bear one-half of the costs and expenses of the Accounting Arbitrator.

4

 

(c)       Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, all matters reflected in Lustre’s statement that are not objected to by Holdings in the manner provided by this Section 7 shall be deemed correct as rendered by Lustre to Holdings.

 

8.         Information/Access. Lustre shall maintain true and correct books, records and accounts of (a) all transactions required or permitted by this Agreement and (b) the financial information necessary to effect such transactions, including the financial information needed to calculate the Net Profits Interest with respect to any quarterly payment period. Holdings or its representative, at the expense of Holdings, may inspect, audit and copy such books, records and accounts in the offices of Lustre during normal business hours and upon not less than ten business days’ written notice. However, Holdings shall not inspect or audit such books and records more often than once per year unless otherwise agreed to in writing by Lustre, and no period may be audited more than once. Holdings shall keep confidential all information provided by Lustre to Holdings, maintain such information in strictest confidence, and not disclose such information to any person or entity not a Party to this Agreement, except to the extent (x) such information has lawfully entered the public domain from a source other than Holdings, (y) disclosure is required by law or court order, or (z) disclosure is necessary to enforce this Agreement. Holdings also agrees to notify Lustre promptly upon learning of any requests, subpoenas or other efforts to obtain documentation or materials related to this Agreement by private parties or governmental persons or entities, and to cooperate with Lustre in responding to such requests or other efforts to obtain any such documentation or materials.

 

9.         Operations. Lustre agrees to operate and maintain the Well in a good and workmanlike manner as a prudent operator would in accordance with sound oil field practice and applicable federal, state, tribal and local laws, rules, regulations and orders. Except as otherwise provided in the immediately preceding sentence, this Agreement does not create any obligation or duty (including a fiduciary duty) on the part of Lustre. For the sake of clarity, Lustre in its sole discretion (and without the consent of Holdings) may (a) determine the terms of any marketing and sale of Hydrocarbons produced from the Well; (b) determine the timing, amount and nature of all operating and capital expenditures incurred in connection with the ownership and operation of the Well; (c) elect to pool or unitize all or any of the oil and gas leases attributable to the Well as to any one or more of the formations or horizons thereunder, when, in the reasonable judgment of Lustre, it is necessary or advisable to do so in order to form a drilling or proration unit to facilitate the orderly development of Lustre’s oil and gas leases or to comply with the requirements of any law or governmental order or regulation relating to the spacing of wells or proration of the production therefrom if a reasonable and prudent operator, acting in conformity with sound oilfield practices, would make such election; and (d) elect to amend, renew, extend, modify, release, surrender and/or abandon its interest in oil and gas leases (including those that are attributable to the Well), or any part thereof, or interest therein.

5

 

10.       Assignment; Right of First Refusal.

 

(a)       Transfer Restrictions. Each Owner may, but is not obligated to, assign, transfer and convey this Agreement, including all of its respective rights and obligations hereunder, to a nonaffiliated third-party purchaser of its interest in the Well. Holdings may not sell, assign, transfer or convey (“Transfer”) this Agreement or any of its rights or obligations hereunder to a third-party without (i) complying with Section 11(b) below and (ii) obtaining the prior written consent of Owners, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.

 

(b)       Right of First Refusal. If Holdings desires to Transfer its rights and obligations under this Agreement to a third-party, Holdings shall promptly give written notice thereof to Owners, with full information concerning its proposed Transfer, which shall include the name of the prospective transferee, who must be ready, willing and able to consummate the Transfer. Owners shall then have the option, but not the obligation, for a period of 20 days after notice of such proposed Transfer is received by Owners to purchase Holdings’ rights and obligations under this Agreement for the stated consideration and on the same terms and conditions that Holdings proposed to Transfer to the third-party.

 

11.       Ownership of Certain Property; No In-Kind Right. The Net Profits Interest does not include any right, title or interest in or to any real or personal property, fixtures or equipment and is exclusively a contractual right to certain payments from the net profits of the Well, and Holdings shall look solely to Owners as provided herein for the satisfaction and realization of the Net Profits Interest. Holdings shall have no right to take in-kind any Hydrocarbons produced from the Well.

 

12.       No Operating Rights. It is the express intent of Owners and Holdings that the Net Profits Interest shall constitute (and this Agreement shall conclusively be construed for all purposes as creating) a single, separate contractual right to certain payments based upon the sale of Hydrocarbons produced from the Well. Without limitation of the generality of the immediately preceding sentence, Owners and Holdings acknowledge that Holdings has no right or power to participate in the selection of a drilling contractor, to determine the timing or sequence of drilling operations, to commence or shut down production, to take over operations, or to share in any development or operating decision whatsoever. Owners and Holdings hereby expressly negate any intent to create (and this Agreement shall never be construed as creating) a mining or other partnership or joint venture or other relationship subjecting Owners and Holdings to joint liability.

 

13.       Limitation on Damages. NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY, EXCEPT WITH RESPECT TO A BREACH OF A PARTY’S CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS HEREUNDER, NONE OF LUSTRE, EREHWON, HOLDINGS OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES SHALL BE ENTITLED TO SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT, AND EACH PARTY, FOR ITSELF AND ON BEHALF OF ITS AFFILIATES, HEREBY EXPRESSLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE, OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.

6

 

14.       Notice. All notices and other communications that are required or may be given pursuant to this Agreement must be given in writing and delivered personally, by courier, by email, or by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, as follows:

 

If to Lustre: Lustre Oil Company LLC
  398 Sage Lane
  Winnett, Montana 59087
  Attn: Mark See
  Email: msee@stranded-oil.com
   
If to Erehwon: Erehwon Oil & Gas, LLC
  9876 Clairton Way
  Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80126
  Attn: John M. Stafford
  Email: john@larisoil.com
   
If to Holdings: Olfert No. 11-4 Holdings, LLC
  398 Sage Lane
  Winnett, Montana 59087
  Attn: Mark See
  Email: msee@stranded-oil.com
   
With copies to: Anatoma Fields LLC
  Attn: Mr. Ken Lipson
  Email: klips026@gmail.com
   
  Dr. Kevin Foley
  Email: kfoley@usit.net
   
  Daniels Petroleum
  Attn: Mr. Barrett Baker
  Email: Barrett@Danielspetroleum.com
   

A Party may change its address for notice by notice to the other Parties in the manner set forth above. All notices shall be deemed to have been duly given at the time of receipt by the Party to which such notice is addressed.

 

15.       Governing Law; Jurisdiction, Etc. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Colorado, regardless of the laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflict of law hereof. The Parties further agree that all disputes, other than as provided in Section 7(b), shall be resolved exclusively in state or federal courts in the City and County of Denver, Colorado.

 

16.       Waiver of Jury Trial. EACH OF THE PARTIES HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT.

 

17.       Waiver. Any failure by any Party to comply with any of its obligations, agreements, or conditions herein contained may be waived by the Party to whom such compliance is owed by an instrument signed by such Party and expressly identified as a waiver, but not in any other manner. No waiver of, or consent to a change in, any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of, or consent to a change in, other provisions hereof (whether or not similar), nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver unless otherwise expressly provided.

 

18.       Successors. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.

7

 

19.       Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties pertaining to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior agreements, understandings, negotiations, and discussions, whether oral or written, of the Parties pertaining to the subject matter hereof.

 

20.       Term. Unless otherwise terminated pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect until the Well is permanently plugged and abandoned.

 

21.       Amendment. This Agreement may be amended or modified only by an agreement in writing executed by all Parties and expressly identified as an amendment or modification.

 

22.       Construction. Any rule of construction that a contract be construed against the drafter shall not apply to the interpretation or construction of this Agreement.

 

23.       Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any term or provision of this Agreement in any situation or jurisdiction shall not affect the validity or enforceability of the other terms or provisions hereof or the validity or enforceability of the offending term or provision in any other situation or in any other jurisdiction and the remaining terms and provisions shall remain in full force and effect, unless doing so would result in an interpretation of this Agreement that is manifestly unjust.

 

24.       Confidentiality. The Parties agree that the provisions of this Agreement are confidential and shall not be shared with third-parties without the prior written consent of the other Parties. Notwithstanding the foregoing, each Party shall have the right to make disclosures without the consent of the other Parties: (i) to its officers, directors, employees, partners, debt and equity providers, attorneys, accountants, financial advisors, consultants, agents or representatives on a need-to-know basis, (ii) as permitted in this Agreement, or (iii) as otherwise required by law, court order, rule, regulation or stock exchange rules, provided that the disclosing Party shall give immediate notice of any demand of a Party to divulge any information concerning or relating to this Agreement and provide further that the disclosing Party cooperate with the Party(ies) opposing disclosure, including the assertion of all proper objections to such disclosure.

 

25.       Captions. The captions used in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement, and will not be deemed to limit, characterize, or in any way affect any provision of this Agreement. All provisions of this Agreement will be enforced and construed as if no caption had been used in this Agreement.

 

26.       Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original instrument, but all such counterparts together shall constitute but one agreement. A Party’s delivery of an executed counterpart signature page by email (e.g., .pdf) is as effective as executing and delivering this Agreement in the presence of the other Parties. No Party shall be bound until such time as all of the Parties have executed and delivered counterparts of this Agreement.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

8

 

The Parties have executed this Agreement to be effective as of the Effective Date.

 

LUSTRE:   HOLDINGS:
LUSTRE OIL COMPANY LLC   OLFERT NO. 11-4 HOLDINGS, LLC
         
By: /s/ Mark See   By: /s/ Mark See
Name:  MARK SEE   Name:  MARK SEE
Title: PRESIDENT   Title: MANAGER
         
EREHWON:      
EREHWON OIL & GAS, LLC      
         
By: /s/ John M Stafford      
Name: JOHN M STAFFORD      
Title: PRESIDENT      
         
LAREDO HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES TO THE PAYMENT CREDIT AS SET FORTH IN SECTION 2:      
         
LAREDO:      
LAREDO OIL, INC.      
         
By: /s/ Mark See      
Name: MARK SEE      
Title: CEO      
         

[Signature Page to Net Profits Interest Agreement]

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 31.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a)

 

I, Mark See, Chief Executive Officer of Laredo Oil, Inc., certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended November 30, 2021 of Laredo Oil, Inc., the registrant;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: January 19, 2022  
   
/s/ Mark See   
Mark See  
Chief Executive Officer  

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 31.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

RULE 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a)

 

I, Bradley E. Sparks, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Laredo Oil, Inc., certify that:

 

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended November 30, 2021 of Laredo Oil, Inc., the registrant;

 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date: January 19, 2022
 
/s/ Bradley E. Sparks  
Bradley E. Sparks
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Laredo Oil, Inc. on Form 10-Q for the period ended November 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Mark See, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge and belief:

 

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

/s/ Mark See  
Mark See
Chief Executive Officer
 
Date: January 19, 2022

 

 

 

EXHIBIT 32.2

 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

 

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Laredo Oil, Inc. on Form 10-Q for the period ended November 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Bradley E. Sparks, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge and belief:

 

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

/s/ Bradley E. Sparks  
Bradley E. Sparks
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
 
Date: January 19, 2022