Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund's prospectus and statement of additional information, which contain more information about the Fund and its risks. The Fund's prospectus and statement of additional information are incorporated by reference into this Summary Prospectus. You can find the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, reports to shareholders, and other information about the Fund online at www.appliedfinancefunds.com/ETF/InvestorResources/. You can also get this information at no cost by calling (833) 356-0909 or by sending an email request to mail@ccofva.com.
This summary prospectus describes the Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF which is authorized to offer one class of shares by this summary prospectus.
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Fund |
Ticker |
Principal U.S. Listing Exchange |
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Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF |
IVSI |
Nasdaq Stock Market® |
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this Summary Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
SUMMARY
PROSPECTUS
November 25, 2025
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
Investment Objective
The Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF (the “Fund”) seeks long term capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)
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Management Fee(1) |
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0.65% |
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Distribution (12b-1) and Service Fees |
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0.00% |
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Other Expenses(2) |
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0.00% |
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Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses |
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0.65% |
(1)Under the Investment Advisory Agreement, Applied Finance Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), at its own expense and without reimbursement from the Fund, pays all of the expenses of the Fund, excluding the advisory fees, interest expenses, taxes, acquired fund fees and expenses, brokerage commissions and any other portfolio transaction-related expenses and fees arising out of transactions effected on behalf of the Fund, credit facility fees and expenses, including interest expenses, and litigation and indemnification expenses and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the Fund’s business.
(2)Other Expenses are estimated for the Fund’s initial fiscal year.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
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Name of Fund |
1 Year |
3 Years |
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Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF |
$66 |
$208 |
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has not yet commenced operations and therefore does not have any portfolio turnover information available.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large-capitalization companies located in developed markets outside of North America, which generally include markets such as Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The Fund defines large cap companies as companies with market capitalizations of $5 billion or more, measured at the time of purchase. In choosing investments, the Adviser typically selects large cap equity securities that it believes offer superior return potential and may consider, among other factors, a company’s valuation, projected future earnings, dividends, financing activity, growth potential, recent performance, and business strategy. To select securities for the Fund, the Adviser utilizes its proprietary research and valuation models that employ the factors described above to identify appropriate securities for the Fund.
The Advisor incorporates its Intrinsic Value Stewardship (“IVS”) analytical model as part of its investment process to understand a company’s attractiveness for possible investment. Intrinsic Value is derived from the Adviser’s proprietary valuation process that considers, among other factors, a company’s profitability, competition, growth rate and cost of capital. Stewardship reflects how a firm utilizes its capital and considers, among other factors, a company’s profitability, cost of capital, and financing activities.
The Fund is actively managed and does not seek to replicate an index. The Adviser anticipates generally holding at least 150 different positions in the Fund’s portfolio. Although the Fund generally holds at least 150 different positions across a broad spectrum of countries and sectors, it may at times take larger positions (greater than 5%) in certain holdings and/or sectors when its research and valuation models indicate that such investments are appropriate.
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
As a result, the Fund will operate as a “non-diversified” fund, which means it can invest in fewer securities at any one time than a diversified fund.
The Fund may also invest in small and mid-cap companies, convertible securities, preferred stocks, rights and warrants, real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and American depositary receipts (“ADRs”).
The Adviser will typically sell a company from the Fund’s portfolio when the Adviser believes it no longer offers superior investment potential. The Adviser may also sell positions that have grown too large relative to the overall portfolio. The Fund’s investments will be the responsibility of the Adviser and the Fund’s sub-adviser, Tidal Investments, LLC.
Principal Risks
As with all funds, a shareholder is subject to the risk that his or her investment could lose money. The principal risks affecting shareholders’ investments in the Fund are set forth below. An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risks described herein pertain to direct risks of making an investment in the Fund and/or risks of the issuers in which the Fund invests.
Equity Securities Risk. There is no guarantee that any favorable past performance of stocks selected for the Fund’s portfolio will continue, and such stocks may experience significant declines in value over short and longer time periods. Companies that issue these stocks may experience lower than expected returns or may experience negative growth, as well as increased leverage, resulting in lower than expected or negative returns to Fund shareholders. Many factors can affect a stock’s quality and performance, and the impact of these factors on a stock or its price can be difficult to predict. The Fund is subject to the risk that stock prices will fall over short or extended periods of time. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles, and the value of the Fund’s stocks may fluctuate from day to day. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments and adversely affect the Fund’s performance. The prices of stocks issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. These factors contribute to price volatility, which is a principal risk of investing in the Fund.
Market and Geopolitical Risk. Market risk includes the possibility that the Fund’s investments will decline in value because of a downturn in the stock market, reducing the value of individual companies’ stocks regardless of the success or failure of an individual company’s operations. The value of your investment in the
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
Fund is based on the market prices of the securities the Fund holds. These prices change daily due to economic and other events that affect markets generally, as well as those that affect particular regions, countries, industries, companies or governments. The increasing interconnectivity between global economies and financial markets increases the likelihood that events or conditions in one region or financial market may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market. Securities in the Fund’s portfolio may underperform due to inflation (or expectations for inflation), interest rates, global demand for particular products or resources, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, terrorism, regulatory events and governmental or quasi-governmental actions. The occurrence of global events similar to those in recent years, such as terrorist attacks around the world, natural disasters, social and political discord or debt crises and downgrades, among others, may result in market volatility and may have long term effects on both the U.S. and global financial markets. There is a risk that you may lose money by investing in the Fund.
Large-Cap Company Risk. Larger, more established companies may be unable to attain the high growth rates of successful, smaller companies during periods of economic expansion.
Mid and Small Capitalization Stock Risk. The value of a mid and small capitalization company stocks may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than those of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general.
Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in the securities of non-U.S. issuers involve risks beyond those associated with investments in U.S. securities. These additional risks include greater market volatility, the availability of less reliable financial information, higher transactional and custody costs, taxation by foreign governments, decreased market liquidity and political instability. Some countries and regions have experienced security concerns, war or threats of war and aggression, terrorism, economic uncertainty, natural and environmental disasters and/or systemic market dislocations that have led, and in the future may lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on the U.S. and world economies and markets generally. Foreign issuers are often subject to less stringent requirements regarding accounting, auditing, financial reporting and record keeping than are U.S. issuers, and therefore not all material information will be available. Securities exchanges or foreign governments may adopt rules or regulations that may negatively impact the Fund’s ability to invest in foreign securities or may prevent the Fund from repatriating its investments. Less developed securities markets are more likely to experience problems with the clearing and settling of trades, as well as the holding of securities by
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
local banks, agents and depositories. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems.
Depositary Receipts Risk. Depositary receipts are generally subject to the same risks as the foreign securities that they evidence or into which they may be converted, including the risk that there is often less publicly available information about foreign issuers, and the possibility of negative governmental actions and of political and social unrest.
REITs Risk. Investing in REITs involves unique risks. When the Fund invests in REITs, it is subject to risks generally associated with investing in real estate. A REIT’s performance depends on the types and locations of the properties it owns, how well it manages those properties and cash flow. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, may engage in dilutive offerings, and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than the overall securities markets.
Foreign Currency Risk. Although the Fund will report its NAV and pay dividends in U.S. dollars, foreign securities often are purchased with and make any dividend and interest payments in foreign currencies. Therefore, the Fund’s NAV could decline solely as a result of changes in the exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, particularly if the Fund invests a significant percentage of its assets in foreign securities or other assets denominated in currencies not tightly pegged to the U.S.
Issuer Risk. The performance of the Fund depends on the performance of individual securities to which the Fund has exposure. Changes in the financial condition or credit rating of an issuer of those securities may cause the value of the securities to decline.
Risks of Investment Selection. The Fund’s investment success depends on the skill of the Adviser in evaluating, selecting, and monitoring the portfolio assets. If the Adviser’s conclusions about growth rates or securities values are incorrect, the Fund may not perform as anticipated.
Risk of Other Equity Securities. Other equity securities in which the Fund may invest include convertible securities, preferred securities, rights and warrants.
•Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are subject to the risks and price fluctuations of the underlying stock. They may be subject to the risk that the issuer will not be able to pay interest or dividends when due and their market value may change based on changes in the issuer’s credit rating or the market’s perception of the
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
issuer’s creditworthiness. Some convertible preferred stocks have a conversion or call feature that allows the issuer to redeem the stock before the conversion date, which could diminish the potential for capital appreciation on the investment.
•Preferred Securities. The fixed dividend rate of preferred stocks may cause their prices to behave more like those of debt securities. If interest rates rise, the value of preferred stock having a fixed dividend rate tends to fall. Preferred stock generally ranks behind debt securities in claims for dividends and assets of the issuer in a liquidation or bankruptcy.
•Rights and Warrants. The price of a warrant does not necessarily move parallel to the price of the underlying security and is generally more volatile than that of the underlying security. Rights are similar to warrants, but normally have a shorter duration. The market for rights or warrants may be very limited and it may be difficult to sell them promptly at an acceptable price. Rights and warrants have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer.
Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is classified as “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. This means it has the ability to invest a relatively high percentage of its assets in the securities of a small number of issuers or in financial instruments with a single counterparty or a few counterparties. This may increase the Fund’s volatility and increase the risk that the Fund’s performance will decline based on the performance of a single issuer or the credit of a single counterparty and make the Fund more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund.
ETF Risks. The Fund is an exchange-traded fund, and, as a result of an ETF’s structure, it is exposed to the following risks:
•Authorized Participants, Market Makers, and Liquidity Providers Limitation Risk. The Fund has a limited number of financial institutions that may act as Authorized Participants (“APs”). In addition, there may be a limited number of market makers and/or liquidity providers in the marketplace. To the extent either of the following events occur, Shares may trade at a material discount to NAV and possibly face delisting: (i) APs exit the business or otherwise become unable to process creation and/or redemption orders and no other APs step forward to perform
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
these services, or (ii) market makers and/or liquidity providers exit the business or significantly reduce their business activities and no other entities step forward to perform their functions.
•Cash Redemption Risk. From time to time, the Fund may redeem Shares for cash or to otherwise include cash as part of its redemption proceeds. The Fund may be required to sell or unwind portfolio investments to obtain the cash needed to distribute redemption proceeds. This may cause the Fund to recognize a capital gain that it might not have recognized if it had made a redemption in-kind. As a result, the Fund may pay out higher annual capital gain distributions than if the in-kind redemption process was used.
•Costs of Buying or Selling Shares. Due to the costs of buying or selling Shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and bid/ask spreads, frequent trading of Shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in Shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments.
•Shares May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV. As with all ETFs, Shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of Shares will approximate the Fund’s NAV, there may be times when the market price of Shares is more than the NAV intra-day (premium) or less than the NAV intra-day (discount) due to supply and demand of Shares or during periods of market volatility. This risk is heightened in times of market volatility and volatility in the Fund’s portfolio holdings, periods of steep market declines, and periods when there is limited trading activity for Shares in the secondary market, in which case such premiums or discounts may be significant. If an investor purchases Shares at a time when the market price is at a premium to the NAV of the Shares or sells at a time when the market price is at a discount to the NAV of the Shares, then the investor may sustain losses that are in addition to any losses caused by a decrease in NAV.
•Trading. Although Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange, and may be traded on other U.S. exchanges, there can be no assurance that Shares will trade with any volume, or at all, on any stock exchange. In stressed market conditions, the liquidity of Shares may begin to mirror the liquidity of the Fund’s underlying portfolio holdings, which can be significantly less liquid than Fund Shares.
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
New Fund Risk. The Fund is a recently organized management investment company with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors do not have a track record or history on which to base their investment decisions.
Performance History
The Fund does not have a full calendar year of performance history. In the future, performance information will be presented in this section of the Prospectus. Performance information will contain a bar chart and table that provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s performance from year to year and by showing the Fund’s average annual returns for certain time periods as compared to a broad measure of market performance. Investors should be aware that past performance before and after taxes is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Updated performance information for the Fund, including its current NAV per share, is available by calling toll-free 833-356-0909.
Investment Adviser and Sub-Adviser
Applied Finance Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) is the investment adviser to the Fund.
Tidal Investments, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser”) is the sub-adviser to the Fund.
Portfolio Managers
Adviser’s Portfolio Managers: Paul Blinn, Managing Member of the Adviser, and Rafael Resendes, Managing Member of the Adviser
Sub-Adviser’s Portfolio Managers: Andy Hicks, Senior Vice President of Trading of the Sub-Adviser, and Qiao Duan, CFA, Portfolio Manager of the Sub-Adviser.
Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares
The Fund will issue (or redeem) shares to certain institutional investors (typically market makers or other broker-dealers) only in large blocks of at least twenty-five thousand (25,000) shares known as “Creation Units.” Creation Unit transactions are typically conducted in exchange for the deposit or delivery of in-kind securities and/or cash. Individual shares may only be purchased and sold on a national securities exchange through a broker-dealer. You can purchase and sell individual shares of the Fund throughout the trading day like any publicly traded security. The Fund’s shares are listed on the NASDAQ (the “Exchange”). The price of the Fund’s shares is based on market price, and
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SUMMARY PROSPECTUS | November 25, 2025
Applied Finance IVS International Large ETF
because ETF shares trade at market prices rather than NAV, Fund shares may trade at a price greater than NAV (premium) or less than NAV (discount). When buying or selling shares through a broker, most investors will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges and you may pay some or all of the spread between the bid and the offered prices in the secondary market for shares. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, the Fund’s shares are not redeemable securities. Recent information regarding the Fund, including its NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid/ask spreads, is available on the Fund’s website at www.appliedfinancefunds.com.
Tax Information
The Fund’s distributions will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gain, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account, in which case withdrawals from such arrangements generally will be taxed.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.