As publicly filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 28, 2025

 

Registration No. 333-286296

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM F-1

Amendment No. 1

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

Cayman Islands   7372   Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)  

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

 

Unit 03, 23/F, Aitken Vanson Centre,

No. 61 Hoi Yuen Road, Kwun Tong

Kowloon, Hong Kong

+852 3461 3788

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

 

Cogency Global Inc.

122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor

New York, NY 10168

+1 212 947 7200

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

 

copies to:

 

Meng Ding, Esq.

Sidley Austin

c/o 39/F, Two Int’l Finance Centre

8 Finance St, Central, Hong Kong

+852 2509-7888

 

M. Ali Panjwani, Esq.

Pryor Cashman LLP

7 Times Square

New York, NY 10036

(212) 421-4100

 

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: as soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☐

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Emerging growth company ☒

 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

 

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy the securities in any jurisdiction where such offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Preliminary Prospectus (Subject to Completion)

 

Dated May 28, 2025

 

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

 

2,600,000 Ordinary Shares being offered by ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

 

This is the initial public offering of Ordinary Shares by ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited. We are offering 2,600,000 Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.0001 per share.

 

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares. We anticipate the initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares will be between US$4.00 and US$4.50. We intend to apply to list our Ordinary Shares on NYSE American under the symbol “CHOW”

 

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company with no material operations, our operations are conducted by our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, Sereno Cloud Solution HK Limited (“SCS”), in Hong Kong, a special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”). This is an offering of the Ordinary Shares of ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited, the holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, instead of shares of SCS, our operating entity in Hong Kong. You may never directly hold any equity interest in our operating entity.

 

We and our subsidiaries are not based in Mainland China and do not have operations in Mainland China. Furthermore, none of our clients are located in Mainland China. We currently do not have or intend to set up any subsidiary in Mainland China, and do not foresee the need to enter into any contractual arrangements with a variable interest entity (“VIE”) to establish a VIE structure in Mainland China. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, we generated approximately 90.9% and 79.5% of our revenues from Hong Kong, respectively. Pursuant to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “Basic Law”), which is a national law of the PRC and the constitutional document for Hong Kong, national laws of the PRC shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law and applied locally by promulgation or local legislation. The Basic Law expressly provides that the national laws of the PRC which may be listed in Annex III of the Basic Law shall be confined to those relating to defense and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the autonomy of Hong Kong. The basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong as a special administrative region of the PRC are reflected in the Basic Law, providing Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems”. As such, we are currently not required to obtain any permission or approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”), the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) or any other PRC governmental authority to operate our business or to list our securities on a U.S. securities exchange or issue securities to foreign investors. The laws and regulations of Mainland China do not currently have any material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations and we are currently not subject to the PRC government’s direct influence or discretion over the manner in which we conduct our business activities outside of Mainland China.

 

However, in light of the PRC government’s recent expansion of authority in Hong Kong, we may be subject to uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC government or authorities in Hong Kong, and it is possible that all the legal and operational risks associated with being based in and having operations in the PRC may also apply to operations in Hong Kong in the future. There is no assurance that there will not be any changes in the economic, political and legal environment in Hong Kong. The PRC government may intervene or influence our current and future operations in Hong Kong at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers like ourselves. Such governmental actions, if and when they occur: (i) could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue our operations; (ii) could significantly limit or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares to investors; and (iii) may cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or become worthless.

 

 

 

 

We are also aware that recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in Mainland China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland Chinese companies listed overseas using a VIE structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. In addition, due to long arm provisions under the current PRC laws and regulations, there remains regulatory uncertainty with respect to whether in the future we will be required to obtain approvals from the PRC authorities to operate our business or list on the U.S. exchanges and offer securities. These actions could result in a material change in our operations and/or to the value of our Ordinary Shares and could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares to investors. See “Prospectus Summary - Permission Required from the PRC Authorities for this Offering” beginning on page 3 of this prospectus for more information.

  

In addition, our Ordinary Shares may be prohibited from trading on a national exchange or over-the-counter market under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”) if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the “PCAOB”) is unable to inspect our auditors for three consecutive years. Pursuant to the HFCA Act, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report on December 16, 2021 which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in (i) Mainland China, and (ii) Hong Kong; and such report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which are subject to these determinations. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) and China’s Ministry of Finance (the “PRC MOF”) in respect of cooperation on the oversight of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms based in Mainland China and Hong Kong. Pursuant to the Statement of Protocol, the PCAOB conducted inspections on select registered public accounting firms subject to the Determination Report in Hong Kong between September 2022 and November 2022. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB board announced that it has completed the inspections, determined that it had complete access to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in Mainland China and Hong Kong, and voted to vacate the Determination Report. Our registered public accounting firm Assentsure PAC is headquartered in Singapore. Assentsure PAC is currently subject to the PCAOB inspections on a regular basis with the latest inspection in September 2024. Assentsure PAC is not headquartered in Mainland China or Hong Kong and was not identified in the Determination Report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that, in the future, the PCAOB determines that it is not able to fully conduct inspections of our auditor for three consecutive years, or the PCAOB re-evaluates its determination as a result of any obstruction with the implementation of the Statement of Protocol in the future, trading of our securities on a national securities exchange or in the over-the counter market may be prohibited under the HFCA Act and our access to the U.S. capital markets may be limited or restricted. In addition, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “AHFCAA”), which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the period of time for foreign companies to comply with the PCAOB audits to two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (the “CAA”) was signed into law by President Biden. The CAA contained, among other things, an identical provision to the AHFCAA, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two.

 

 

 

 

The delisting of our Ordinary Shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and This Offering- Although the audit report included in this prospectus is prepared by auditors who are subject to PCAOB inspections on a regular basis with the latest inspection in September 2024, there is no guarantee that future audit reports will be prepared by auditors inspected by the PCAOB and, as such, in the future investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Furthermore, trading in our securities may be prohibited under the HFCA Act and the AHFCAA if the SEC subsequently determines our audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as NYSE American, may determine to delist our securities.” on page 32 and “The recent joint statement by the SEC and an act passed by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies. These developments could add uncertainties to our offering, business operations, share price and reputation.” on page 34 of this prospectus for more information.

 

CCCI is permitted under the laws of Cayman Islands to provide funding to our subsidiary SCS through loans or capital contributions without restrictions on the amount of the funds. There are no restrictions or limitation under the laws of Cayman Islands on CCCI’s ability to distribute earnings from its businesses, including subsidiaries, to the U.S. investors. SCS is permitted under the laws of Hong Kong to provide funding to CCCI through dividend distribution without restrictions on the amount of the funds. Both CCCI and SCS currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Neither CCCI or its subsidiaries has any dividend payout policy, and each entity needs to comply with applicable law or regulations with respect to transfer of funds, dividends and distributions with other entities. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual requirements, business prospects and other factors the board of directors deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in any future financing instruments. On December 31, 2023, SCS declared a dividend of HKD17.5 million (US$2.2 million) to its individual shareholders before the reorganization, of which HKD8.5 million (US$1.1 million) and HKD16.8 million (US$2.2 million) were paid as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024, respectively. However, SCS has not declared any dividend to CCCI through Vigorous Elite, and CCCI has not declared any dividend to its shareholders, after the reorganization and up to the date of this prospectus. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from SCS. Under the current practice of the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by our Hong Kong subsidiary SCS. There are no restrictions or limitation under the laws of Hong Kong imposed on the conversion of HKD into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of Hong Kong. See “Dividend Policy” on page 44 and “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure – We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.” on page 24 of this prospectus for more information.

 

We are both an “emerging growth company” and a “foreign private issuer” as defined under the applicable U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” and “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer.”

 

Following the completion of this offering, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NYSE American Company Guide, because Rainbow Sun Enterprises Limited (“Rainbow Sun”) will have 69.68% of the total voting power of our then outstanding Ordinary Shares, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, or 68.91% of the total voting power of our then outstanding ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. Our Chairman and CEO, Mr. Yee Kar Wing, is the controlling shareholder and sole director of Rainbow Sun. See “Principal Shareholders.” As a result, we expect to be a “controlled company” within the meaning of section 801 of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide. For so long as we remain a “controlled company,” we are permitted to elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements. If we rely on these exemptions, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Although we currently do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the NYSE American Company Guide, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being a Controlled Company.”

 

Investing in the Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

PRICE US$ PER ORDINARY SHARE

 

 

    Per Share     Total  
Initial public offering price (1)   US$ 4.25     US$ 11,050,000  
Underwriting discount and commission (2)   US$ 0.32     US$ 828,750  
Proceeds, before expenses, to us   US$ 3.93     US$ 10,221,250  

 

 

(1)Initial public offering price per share is assumed to be US$4.25 (being the mid-point of the initial public offering price range).
  
(2)For a description of compensation payable to the underwriters, see “Underwriting”.

 

The underwriter has an option to purchase up to 390,000 additional Ordinary Shares from us at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, within 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to cover any over-allotment.

 

The underwriter expects to deliver the Ordinary Shares against payment in U.S. dollars in New York, NY to purchasers on or about         .

 

Maxim Group LLC

 

Prospectus dated        

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page
   
Prospectus Summary 1
   
The Offering 8
   
Summary Consolidated Financial Data 9
   
Risk Factors 10
   
Special Note regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data 41
   
Use of Proceeds 43
   
Dividend Policy 44
   
Capitalization 45
   
Dilution 46
   
Enforceability of Civil Liabilities 47
   
Corporate History and Structure 49
   
Selected Consolidated Financial Data 50
   
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 52
   
Business 66
   
Regulation 81
   
Management 83
   
Principal Shareholders 89
   
Related Party Transactions 90
   
Description of Share Capital 91
   
Shares Eligible For Future Sale 100
   
Taxation 101
   
Underwriting 106
   
Expenses Related To This Offering 114
   
Legal Matters 115
   
Experts 116
   
Where You Can Find Additional Information 117
   
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements F-1

 

 

 

This prospectus contains certain estimates and information concerning our industry, including market position, market size, and growth rates of the markets in which we participate. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to these estimates. The industry in which we operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the “Risk Factors” section. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications and reports.

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the Ordinary Shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted and lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the Ordinary Shares.

 

Neither we, nor the underwriter have taken any action that would permit a public offering of the Ordinary Shares outside the United States or permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus or any related free-writing prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus or any related free-writing prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the Ordinary Shares and the distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.

 

Until          (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade the Ordinary Shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

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Prospectus Summary

 

The following summary is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information and financial statements and notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to this summary, we urge you to read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in the Ordinary Shares discussed under “Risk Factors,” before deciding whether to buy the Ordinary Shares.

 

Our Mission

 

To provide comprehensive, easy-to-use cloud solutions that help our valued clients grow and evolve their business by combining advanced cloud technologies with innovative digital solutions.

 

Overview

 

We are a pioneer in providing one-stop cloud solutions that support companies across the IT industry value chain throughout their entire cloud transformation journey from consulting, deployment and migration to cloud environment building and management. We were founded in December 2014 by a group of passionate and experienced professionals, who envisioned the potential of cloud technology to transform the way businesses of various sizes operate. Recognizing the growing need for digitization and the benefits that cloud technology could bring to businesses, our founders set out to create a company that would bridge the gap between cloud services providers and companies who seek to move to the cloud.

 

Our business primarily comprises (i) digital transformation consulting services consisting primarily of cloud suitability assessment, real-time resource management and strategic planning and advisory, (ii) professional IT services comprising a wide range of capabilities designed to facilitate seamless cloud integration and digital transformation, (iii) AI-powered proactive cloud managed services covering all aspects of day-to-day cloud maintenance and support, and (iv) IT infrastructure solutions covering on-premise private cloud setups and public cloud integrations including infrastructure applications such as our Sereno Cloud App360 AI and Data Science Platform (the “AI & Data Science Platform”), which consists of several core components.

 

Since our inception, we have focused on innovation in our cloud solutions and the application of emerging technologies such as cloud technology and AI. Our efforts are backed by our team of experts, deep understanding of evolving IT needs, high operational flexibility, and flat, efficient organization structure. Together, these features enable fast solution development, launch and iteration, and a series of customer-oriented cloud solutions and go-to-market strategies. Thus, we are able to rapidly expand even with a limited operating history.

 

We primarily operate our business in the Asia-Pacific region with a strong presence in Hong Kong and Singapore. Throughout our over nine years of operating history, we have proactively sought opportunities for growth in our cloud solutions business and by accumulating our project experience and building customer relationships and reputation in Hong Kong. Currently, we have expanded our geographical presence to other regions in Asia-Pacific including Singapore, the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia and Australia since 2019.

 

Throughout our more than nine years of operation, we have proactively sought growth opportunities in our cloud solutions business, where we have accumulated extensive project experience and built solid customer relationships and reputation in Hong Kong. Since 2019, we have been expanded our geographical presence to other regions in Asia-Pacific, and now have operations in Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia and Australia. In particular, we have a significant presence in Hong Kong and Singapore.

 

We had served over 150 clients and 500 tenants in each of 2023 and 2024. Our clients are primarily divided into two categories, namely IT partner clients and end-user clients. Our partner clients primarily include system integration solutions providers, telecommunication companies and wholesalers, who typically procure our cloud solutions to provide services to end users, while our end-user clients primarily include government, public utility companies, non-governmental organizations, small and medium-sized enterprises, large multinational corporations and local enterprises in industries such as financial services, logistics and education. Tenant refers to our clients’ dedicated and isolated space within the cloud environment where their users, data, and resources are stored independently from others, which we help to manage and optimize. We believe that our diverse and extensive customer base provides us with a stable business and diversified sources of revenue.

 

Going forward, we plan to capture the extensive potential of the cloud computing market in the Asia-Pacific region through our enriching cloud solutions and expanding cloud infrastructure.

 

Our Market Opportunities

 

The global cloud computing market is experiencing unprecedented growth, driven by the increasing demand for flexible, scalable, and cost-effective cloud solutions. According to a research report titled “Cloud Computing Market by Service Model (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), Deployment Model(Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud), Organization Size, Vertical (BFSI, Telecommunications, Manufacturing, Retail & Consumer Goods) and Region - Global Forecast to 2028” published by MarketsandMarkets in December 2023, the size of the global cloud computing market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 15.1% from $626.4 billion in 2023 to $1,266.4 billion in 2028; while according to a research report titled “Asia Pacific Cloud Computing Market Forecast to 2028” published by Technology, Media and Telecommunications in September 2022, the size of the Asia-Pacific cloud computing market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 25.6% from $94.4 billion in 2022 to $370.9 billion in 2028. We believe we enjoy a vast market opportunity, particularly within the commercial segment, where there is a growing need for digital transformation and cloud adoption.

 

Specifically, according to Gartner’s market research report titled “Market Share Analysis: Infrastructure as a Service, Worldwide, 2023” published in June 2024, the global infrastructure as a service (“IaaS”) market grew at a year-over-year (“YoY”) rate of 16.2% from $120 billion in 2022 to US$140 billion in 2023, and it estimates that Asia-Pacific will represent the most active market. Furthermore, the report titled “Asia/Pacific (Excluding Japan) Whole Cloud Services Forecast, 2024—2027” published by International Data Corporation (“IDC”) in March 2024 stated that Asia-Pacific is experiencing a double-headed IT spending boom, with public cloud services and software investments skyrocketing. According to IDC, cloud spending is forecasted to reach US$329.1 billion by 2027; while cloud spending in Asia-Pacific grew at a YoY rate of 23.4% in 2024, and is expected to further grow at a YoY rate of 14.2% to reach US$250 billion in 2025 as cloud-related spending continues to accelerate. In particular, according to a research report titled “Forecast: Public Cloud Services, Worldwide, 2022-2028, 1Q24 Update” published by Gartner in March 2024, end-user spending on public cloud services is forecasted to grow at a YoY rate of 21.5% from US$595.7 billion in 2024 to US$723.4 billion in 2025, driven by generative AI (“GenAI”) and application modernization.

 

Moreover, according to a research report titled “Cloud Managed Services Market by Service Type (Managed Business, Managed Network, Managed Security, Managed Infrastructure, Managed Mobility), Organization Size, Vertical (BFSI, Telecom, Retail & Consumer Goods, IT) and Region - Global Forecast to 2027” published by MarketsandMarkets in October 2022, the size of the global cloud managed services market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.6% from US$99.0 billion in 2022 to US$164.0 billion by 2027. Such report also stated that the growing demand for cloud managed services among enterprises and inadequate cloud expertise among IT professionals are likely to drive the demand for cloud managed services.

 

 

1
 

 

 

This rapid growth presents a significant opportunity for us, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, where cloud adoption rates are increasing at an even faster pace. The commercial segment, which is our primary focus, represents a substantial portion of this market and is expected to grow at an even higher CAGR due to their increasing need for digital transformation and cloud-based solutions. We believe that we are well-positioned to capture a slice of the fast-growing cloud computing market opportunity in the Asia-Pacific with our expertise and solution in digital transformation and cloud adoption.

 

Our Competitive Strengths

 

We believe that the following competitive strengths have contributed to our success and differentiated us from our competitors:

 

dual capabilities in cloud services and IT services;
   
strong geographic presence and local expertise in Asia-Pacific;
   
established partnerships with major cloud and technology service providers;
   
diverse and extensive customer base; and

 

agility and responsiveness to market and technology changes.

 

Our Growth Strategies

 

We intend to develop our business and strengthen brand loyalty by implementing the following strategies:

 

expand our footprints in the Asia-Pacific region and globally;
   
growth through strategic acquisitions;
   
enhance our service capabilities and expand our service offerings;
   
maintain strong relationships with existing partners and establish new collaborations; and

 

invest in and continue to adopt cutting-edge cloud technology and AI.

 

Risk Factors

 

We believe some of the major risks and uncertainties that may materially and adversely affect us include the following:

 

Our revenues, operating income and cash flows are likely to fluctuate;
If we are not successful in expanding our service offerings, we may not achieve our financial goals and our results of operations may be adversely affected;
We have a substantial customer concentration, with a limited number of customers accounting for a substantial portion of our revenues;
We depend on a small number of key suppliers for continued provision of our services;
We are exposed to the credit risks of our customers;
Inadequate or inaccurate external and internal information, including budget and planning data, could lead to inaccurate financial forecasts and inappropriate financial decisions;
We may fail to innovate or create new solutions which align with changing market and customer demand;
Our business may face risks of clients’ default on payment; and
We may not manage our growth effectively, and our profitability may suffer.

 

In addition, we face risks and uncertainties related to our compliance with applicable regulations and policies in our principal markets and operations. See “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a detailed discussion of the above and other challenges and risks.

 

Corporate History and Structure

 

Corporate Information

 

Our principal executive offices are located at Unit 03, 23/F, Aitken Vanson Centre, No. 61 Hoi Yuen Road, Kwun Tong Kowloon, Hong Kong. Our telephone number at this address is +852 3461 3788. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, PO Box 10240, Grand Cayman, KY1-1002, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.

 

 

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Investors should contact us for any inquiries through the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices. Our corporate website is https://www.serenoclouds.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus.

 

Corporate Structure

 

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our principal subsidiaries, as of the date of this prospectus:

 

 

Permission Required from the PRC Authorities for this Offering

 

The legal and operational risks associated in operating in the PRC apply to SCS’s operations in Hong Kong, and we face the risks and uncertainties associated with the complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations and as to whether and how the recent PRC government statements and regulatory developments, such as those relating to data and cyberspace security, and anti-monopoly concerns, would be applicable to SCS and us, given SCS’s substantial operations in Hong Kong and the possibilities that PRC government may exercise significant oversight over the conduct of business in Hong Kong. In the event that SCS is to become subject to laws and regulations of the PRC, these risks could result in material costs to ensure compliance, fines, material changes in our operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale, and/or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

 

Recent statements by the PRC government have indicated an intent to exert more exert oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investments in mainland-China-based issuers. On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued a document to crack down on illegal activities in the securities markets and promote the high-quality development of the capital markets, which, among other things, requires the relevant governmental authorities to strengthen cross-border oversight of law-enforcement and judicial cooperation, to enhance supervision over mainland-China-based companies listed overseas, and to establish and improve the system of extraterritorial application of the PRC securities laws.

 

On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Draft Administrative Provisions and the Draft Filing Measures, both of which had a comment period that expired on January 23, 2022. The Draft Administrative Provisions and Draft Filing Measures regulate the administrative system, record-filing management, and other related rules in respect of the direct or indirect overseas issuance of listed and traded securities by “domestic enterprises”. The Draft Administrative Provisions specify that the CSRC has regulatory authority over the “overseas securities offering and listing by domestic enterprises”, and requires “domestic enterprises” to complete filing procedures with the CSRC if they wish to list overseas. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedures and report relevant information to the CSRC; any failure to comply with such filling procedures may result in administrative penalties, such as an order to rectify, warnings, and fines. On April 2, 2022, the CSRC published the Draft Archives Rules, for public comment. These rules state that in the overseas listing activities of domestic companies, domestic companies, as well as securities companies and securities service institutions providing relevant securities services thereof, should establish a sound system of confidentiality and archival work, shall not disclose state secrets, or harm the state and public interests.

 

Under the Trial Measures and the Guidance Rules and Notice, Chinese domestic companies conducting overseas securities offering and listing activities, either in direct or indirect form, shall complete filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the requirements of the Trial Measures within three working days following their submission of initial public offerings or listing application. The companies that have already been listed on overseas stock exchanges or have obtained the approval from overseas supervision administrations or stock exchanges for its offering and listing and will complete their overseas offering and listing prior to September 30, 2023 are not required to make immediate filings for its listing, yet need to make filings for subsequent offerings in accordance with the Trial Measures. Companies that have already submitted an application for an initial public offering to overseas supervision administrations prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures but have not yet obtained the approval from overseas supervision administrations or stock exchanges for the offering and listing, shall arrange for the filing within a reasonable time period and shall complete the filing procedure before such companies’ overseas issuance and listing.

 

In addition, if the CSRC, the CAC or other regulatory PRC agencies later promulgate new rules requiring that we obtain their approvals for this offering, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any action taken by the PRC government could significantly limit or completely hinder our operations in the PRC and our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

 

 

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Furthermore, on July 10, 2021, the CAC issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comment, which required that, among others, in addition to any “operator of critical information infrastructure”, any “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and further elaborated the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities. On December 28, 2021, the CAC, the National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”), and several other administrations jointly issued the revised Measures for Cybersecurity Review, which became effective and replaced the existing Measures for Cybersecurity Review on February 15, 2022. According to the Revised Review Measures, if an “online platform operator” that is in possession of personal data of more than one million users intends to list in a foreign country, it must apply for a cybersecurity review. Based on a set of Q&A published on the official website of the State Cipher Code Administration in connection with the issuance of the Revised Review Measures, an official of the said administration indicated that an online platform operator should apply for a cybersecurity review prior to the submission of its listing application with non-PRC securities regulators. Moreover, the CAC released the draft of the Regulations on Network Data Security Management in November 2021 for public consultation, which among other things, stipulates that a data processor listed overseas must conduct an annual data security review by itself or by engaging a data security service provider and submit the annual data security review report for a given year to the municipal cybersecurity department before January 31 of the following year. Given the recency of the issuance of the Revised Review Measures and their pending effectiveness, there is a general lack of guidance and substantial uncertainties exist with respect to their interpretation and implementation. It remains unclear whether a Hong Kong company which collects personal information from PRC individuals shall be subject to the Revised Review Measures. We do not currently expect the Revised Review Measures to have an impact on our business, our operations or this offering as we do not believe that SCS would be deemed to be an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, that would be required to file for cybersecurity review before listing in the U.S. If the Revised Review Measures are adopted into law in the future and if SCS is deemed to be an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, our operation and the listing of our Ordinary Shares in the U.S. could be subject to CAC’s cybersecurity review.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, on the basis that (i) the Company does not, directly or indirectly, own or control any entity or subsidiary in Mainland China, nor is it controlled by any mainland Chinese company or individual directly or indirectly; (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries do not have any business operations in Mainland China; (iii) the Company currently does not have or intend to set up any subsidiary or enter into any contractual arrangements to establish a VIE structure with any entity in Mainland China; (iv) none of the clients and suppliers of the Company and its subsidiaries are located in Mainland China and, (v) the Company and its subsidiaries possess personal information of less than 1 million individuals in the PRC and do not possess any core data or important data of the PRC, or any information which affects or may affect national security of the PRC, we are not required to obtain approvals from the PRC authorities to operate our business or list on the U.S. exchanges and offer securities; specifically, we are currently not required to obtain any permission or approval from the CSRC, the CAC or any other PRC governmental authority to operate our business or to list our securities on a U.S. securities exchange or issue securities to foreign investors. The laws and regulations of Mainland China do not currently have any material impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations and we are currently not subject to the PRC government’s direct influence or discretion over the manner in which we conduct our business activities outside of Mainland China.

 

However, in the event that (i) the PRC government expands the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to review by the CSRC or the CAC or if applicable laws, regulations or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals, (ii) we inadvertently conclude that relevant permissions or approvals were not required or (iii) we did not receive or maintain relevant permissions or approvals required, any action taken by the PRC government could significantly limit or completely hinder our operations in Hong Kong and our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” beginning on page 24 and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong” beginning on page 27 of this prospectus for more information.

 

Although we are not subject to cybersecurity review by the CAC nor any other PRC authorities for this Offering or required to obtain regulatory approval regarding the data privacy and personal information requirements from the CAC nor any other PRC authorities for ours and SCS’s operations in Hong Kong, we are subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding data privacy and protection in Hong Kong. In particular, the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Chapter 486 of the laws of Hong Kong) (“PDPO”) imposes a duty on any data user who, either alone or jointly with other persons, controls the collection, holding, processing or use of any personal data which relates directly or indirectly to a living individual and can be used to identify that individual in order to ensure personal data is collected on a fully-informed basis and in a fair manner, with due consideration towards minimizing the amount of personal data collected. Compliance with PDPO and any such other existing or future data privacy related laws, regulations and governmental orders by us may entail significant expenses as we have to process the data in a secured manner by enhancing the security of our IT system from time to time and ensure that all data are properly collected and used; and any breach of PDPO could materially affect our business.

 

We believe that we have been in compliance with the data privacy and personal information requirements of the PDPO. Moreover, we do not expect to be subject to any cybersecurity review by Hong Kong and PRC government authorities for this Offering. However, if we or SCS conducting business operations in Hong Kong have violated certain provisions of the PDPO, we could face significant civil penalties and/or criminal prosecution, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. See “Risk Factor — Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong — Compliance with Hong Kong’s Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance and any such other existing or future data privacy related laws, regulations and governmental orders may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business.”

 

 

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Transfers of Cash to and from Our Subsidiaries

 

CCCI is permitted under the laws of Cayman Islands to provide funding to our subsidiary in Hong Kong through loans or capital contributions without restrictions on the amount of the funds. There are no restrictions or limitation on CCCI’s ability to distribute earnings from its businesses, including subsidiaries, to the U.S. investors. Our equity structure is a direct holding structure, that is, the overseas entity to be listed in the U.S., CCCI, directly controls Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited, a holding company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”), which holds 100% of shares of SCS, our Hong Kong operating entity. Cash is transferred through our organization in the following manner: (i) funds may be transferred from CCCI, the holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands to SCS through Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited in the form of capital contributions or shareholder loans, as the case may be; and (ii) dividends or other distributions may be paid by SCS to CCCI through Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited. SCS is permitted under the laws of Hong Kong to provide funding to CCCI through dividend distribution without restrictions on the amount of the funds or restrictions on foreign exchange. If CCCI intends to distribute dividends to its shareholders, it will depend on payment of dividends from SCS to Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited in accordance with the laws and regulations of Hong Kong, and Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited will transfer the dividends to CCCI, and the dividends will be distributed by the CCCI to all shareholders respectively in proportion to the shares they hold, regardless of whether the shareholders are U.S. investors or investors in other countries or regions. If SCS incurs debt on its own in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict SCS’s ability to pay dividends, make distribution or transfer funds to CCCI. On December 31, 2023, SCS declared a dividend of HKD17.5 million (US$2.2 million) to its individual shareholders before the reorganization, of which HKD8.5 million (US$1.1 million) and HKD16.8 million (US$2.2 million) were paid as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024, respectively. However, SCS has not declared any dividend to CCCI through Vigorous Elite, and CCCI has not declared any dividend to its shareholders, after the reorganization and up to the date of this prospectus. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not have any U.S. investors, so no dividends or distributions have been made to any U.S. investors. Both CCCI and SCS currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual requirements, business prospects and other factors the board of directors deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in any future financing instruments.

 

Within our direct holding structure, the cross-border transfer of funds within our corporate group is legal and compliant with the laws and regulations of the Cayman Islands, the BVI and Hong Kong. In the future, cash proceeds from overseas financing activities, including this offering, can be directly transferred to Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited, and then transferred to subordinate operating entity SCS via capital contribution or shareholder loans, as the case may be.

 

In the reporting periods presented in this prospectus, no cash and other asset transfers have occurred among the CCCI and its subsidiaries.

 

Currently, substantially all of our operations are in Hong Kong. We do not have or intend to set up any subsidiary or enter into any contractual arrangements to establish a VIE structure with any entity in Mainland China. Since Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the PRC and the basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong are reflected in the Basic Law, providing Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems”. The laws and regulations of Mainland China do not currently have any material impact on transfer of cash from CCCI to SCS or from SCS to CCCI and the investors in the U.S.

 

Subject to the Cayman Islands Companies Act and our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, our board of directors may authorize and declare a dividend to shareholders out of profits or share premium at such time and of such an amount as they think fit if they are satisfied that immediately following the dividend the value of our assets will exceed our liabilities and we will be able to pay our debts as they become due. There is no further Cayman Islands statutory restriction on the amount of funds which may be distributed by us by dividend.

 

 

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CCCI has not declared any dividend to its shareholders after the reorganization and up to the date of this prospectus. If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our Hong Kong subsidiary SCS. Under the current practice of the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us.

 

There are no restrictions or limitation under the laws of Hong Kong imposed on the conversion of HKD into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of Hong Kong.

 

See “Dividend Policy” and “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Corporate StructureWe may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.”

 

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

 

As a company with less than US$1.235 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements compared to those that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

 

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of  (a) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenue of at least US$1.235 billion; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (c) the date on which we have, during the preceding three-year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of the Ordinary Shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above.

 

Implications of Being a Controlled Company

 

Upon completion of this offering, Rainbow Sun Enterprises Limited will have 69.68% of the total voting power of our then outstanding Ordinary Shares, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, or 68.91% of the total voting power of our then outstanding Ordinary Shares if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. As a result, we will expect to be a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE American Company Guide. For so long as we remain a “controlled company,” we are permitted to elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including:

 

  the requirement that our director nominees be selected or recommended solely by independent directors; and
     
  the requirement that we have a nomination committee and a compensation committee that are composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the purposes and responsibilities of the committees.

 

If we rely on these exemptions, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Although we currently do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemptions under NYSE American Company Guide even if we are deemed a controlled company, we could elect to rely on these exemptions in the future, and if so, you would not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of NYSE American.

 

 

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Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer

 

Upon completion of this offering, we will report under the Exchange Act as a non-U.S. company with foreign private issuer status. Even after we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including:

 

  the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;
     
  the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and
     
  the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, or current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events.

 

Both foreign private issuers and emerging growth companies are also exempt from certain more stringent executive compensation disclosure rules. Thus, even if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company but remain a foreign private issuer, we will continue to be exempt from the more stringent compensation disclosures required of companies that are neither emerging growth companies nor foreign private issuers.

 

In addition, as a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the corporate governance requirements of NYSE American. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with corporate governance requirements of NYSE American.

 

Conventions Which Apply to This Prospectus

 

Unless we indicate otherwise, all information in this prospectus reflects no exercise by the underwriter of its option to purchase up to 390,000 additional Ordinary Shares from us.

 

Except where the context otherwise requires:

 

  “AI” refers to artificial intelligence, the technology that enables computers and machines to simulate human learning, comprehension, problem solving, decision making, creativity and autonomy;
     
  “China” or the “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, including Hong Kong and the Macau Special Administrative Regions of the People’s Republic of China;
     
  “CCCI” or the “Company” refers to ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company;
     
 

“CCCI Group,” “we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” refer to CCCI and its consolidated subsidiaries;

     
  “cloud computing” refers to the on-demand access of computing resources, such as physical servers or virtual servers, data storage, networking capabilities, application development tools, software, AI-powered analytic tools, over the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing;
     
  “cloud managed services” refers to the complete or partial management and control of a client’s cloud resources;
     
  “cloud solutions” refers to a service that provides various computing resources, such as storage, applications, and processing power, over the Internet;
     
  “HK$” or “HKD” refer to Hong Kong dollar(s), the legal currency of Hong Kong;
     
  “Hong Kong” refers to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;
     
  “Hybrid cloud” refers to a combination of public and private clouds connected to each other by technology that allows data and applications to be shared between them;
     
  “Infrastructure as a service” or “IaaS” refers to the type of cloud computing service that offers essential compute, storage, and networking resources on demand, on a pay-as-you-go basis;
     
  “IT” refers to information technology;
     
  “Mainland China” refers to the mainland of the People’s Republic of China; excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and the Macau Special Administrative Regions of the People’s Republic of China for the purposes of this prospectus only;
     
  “Ordinary Shares” refer to our ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share;
     
  “PRC government” or “Chinse government” refers to the government and governmental authorities of Mainland China for the purposes of this prospectus only;
     
  “Private cloud” refers to clouds owned and operated by third-party cloud service providers, which deliver computing resources such as servers and storage over the Internet to many different companies;
     
  “Public cloud” refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business or organization;
     
  “R&D” refers to research and development;
     
  “SCS” refers to Sereno Cloud Solution HK Limited, a Hong Kong company; and
     
  “US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$” and “dollars” refer to United States dollar(s), the legal currency of the United States.

 

We do not have any material operations of our own and we are a holding company with operations conducted in Hong Kong through our Hong Kong subsidiary SCS, using Hong Kong dollars, the currency of Hong Kong. ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited’s reporting currency is Hong Kong dollars. This prospectus contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. All translations of Hong Kong dollars are calculated at the rate of US$1.00=HKD7.8. No representation is made that the HKD amounts could have been, or could be, converted, realized or settled into US$ at such rate, or at any other rate.

 

 

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The Offering

 

The following assumes that the underwriter will not exercise its option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares in the offering, unless otherwise indicated.

 

Offering Price   We expect that the initial public offering price will be between US$4.00 and US$4.50 per Ordinary Share.
     
Ordinary Shares Offered by Us   2,600,000 Ordinary Shares (or 2,990,000 Ordinary Shares if the underwriter exercises its option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares in full).
     
Ordinary Shares Outstanding Immediately Before This Offering   32,500,000 Ordinary Shares.
     
Ordinary Shares Outstanding Immediately After This Offering   35,100,000 Ordinary Shares (or 35,490,000 Ordinary Shares if the underwriter exercises its option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares in full).
     
NYSE American symbol   CHOW
     
Option to Purchase Additional Ordinary Shares   We have granted to the underwriter an option, exercisable within 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to 390,000 additional Ordinary Shares.
     
Use of Proceeds  

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately US$8.4 million (or US$10.0 million if the underwriter exercises its option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares in full), after deducting the underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and assuming an initial public offering price of US$4.25 per Ordinary Share, being the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the front cover of this prospectus. See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.

     
Lock-up   We, each of our directors, officers and shareholders of 5% or more of our total outstanding Ordinary Shares have agreed with the underwriter, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any Ordinary Shares or similar securities or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our Ordinary Shares for a period of 6 months from the effective date of the Registration Statement. See “Underwriting” for more information.
     
Risk Factors   See “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of risks you should carefully consider before investing in the Ordinary Shares.
     
Transfer Agent   VStock Transfer,LLC.
     
Payment and settlement   The underwriter expects to deliver the Ordinary Shares against payment therefor through the facilities of            on or about          , 2025.

 

 

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Summary Consolidated Financial Data

 

The following summary presents consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024 and summary consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 which have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. You should read this “Summary Consolidated Financial Data” section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

   As of December 31, 
   2023    2024  
   HK$   HK$   US$ 
Consolidated Balance Sheets Data               
Current assets    39,198,538      44,954,744      5,763,428  
Non-current assets    2,446,376      2,727,566      349,687  
Total assets    41,644,914      47,682,310      6,113,115  
                
Current liabilities    39,188,664      28,790,057      3,691,032  
Non-current liabilities    454,597      4,943,126      633,734  
Total liabilities    39,643,261      33,733,183      4,324,766  

 

   For the Years Ended December 31, 
   2023    2024  
   HK$   HK$   US$ 
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data               
Revenues    141,372,358      181,830,126      23,311,554  
Cost of revenues    (121,462,858 )    (156,575,791 )    (20,073,819 )
Gross profit    19,909,500      25,254,335      3,237,735  
                
Operating expenses:               
Selling and marketing expenses    (1,024,598 )    (2,776,713 )    (355,988 )
General and administrative expenses    (4,989,693 )    (8,527,081 )    (1,093,215 )
Total operating expenses    (6,014,291 )    (11,303,794 )    (1,449,203 )
                
Operating income    13,895,209      13,950,541      1,788,532  
                
Interest income, net    13,838      47,591      6,101  
Interest expense, net    -      (100,939 )    (12,941 )
Other income, net    358,441      173,715      22,271  
Income before taxes    14,267,488      14,070,908      1,803,963  
Income tax expenses    (2,161,815 )    (2,200,654 )    (282,135 )
Net income    12,105,673      11,870,254      1,521,828  

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

An investment in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our Ordinary Shares, you should consider carefully the risks described below, together with all of the other information set forth in this prospectus, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flow could be materially and adversely affected, which could cause the trading price of our Ordinary Shares to decline, resulting in a loss of all or part of your investment. The risks described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. You should only consider investing in our Ordinary Shares if you can bear the risk of loss of your entire investment.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

Our revenues, operating income and cash flows are likely to fluctuate.

 

We experience fluctuations in our revenues and cost structure and the resulting operating income and cash flows and expect that this will continue to occur in the future. We may experience fluctuations in our annual and quarterly financial results, including revenues, operating income and earnings per share, for reasons that may include: (i) the types and complexity, number, size, timing and duration of client engagements; (ii) the timing of revenue recognition under U.S. GAAP; (iii) the geographic locations of our clients or the locations where services are rendered; (iv) billing rates and fee arrangements, including the opportunity and ability to successfully reach milestones and complete, and collect success fees and other outcome-contingent or performance-based fees; (v) the length of billing and collection cycles and changes in amounts that may become uncollectible; (vi) changes in the frequency and complexity of government regulatory and enforcement activities; (vii) business and asset acquisitions; (viii) fluctuations in the exchange rates of various currencies against the U.S. dollar; (ix) fee adjustments upon the renewal of expired service contracts or acceptance of new clients due to the adjusted scope per our refined business strategy; and (x) economic factors beyond our control.

 

The results of different segments and practices may be affected differently by the above factors. The positive effects of certain events or factors on certain segments and practices may not be sufficient to overcome the negative effects of those same events or factors on other parts of our business. In addition, our mix of practice offerings adds complexity to the task of predicting revenues and results of operations and managing our staffing levels and expenditures across changing business cycles and economic environments.

 

Our results are subject to seasonal and other similar factors. While we assess our annual guidance at the end of each quarter and update such guidance when we think it is appropriate, unanticipated future volatility can cause actual results to vary significantly from our guidance, even where that guidance reflects a range of possible results and has been updated to take account of partial-year results.

 

If we are not successful in expanding our service offerings, we may not achieve our financial goals and our results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

We have been expanding, and plan to continue to expand, the nature and scope of our solution and service offerings. The success of our expanded solution and service offerings depends, in part, upon demand for such solutions and services by new and existing clients and our ability to meet their demand in a cost-effective manner. We may face a number of challenges in expanding our solution and service offerings, including:

 

acquiring or developing the necessary expertise;

 

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maintaining high-quality control and process execution standards;

 

maintaining productivity levels and implementing necessary process improvements;

 

controlling costs and expenses; and

 

successfully attracting existing and new clients for new solutions and services we develop.

 

A failure by us to effectively manage the growth of our solution and service portfolio could damage our reputation, cause us to lose business and adversely affect our results of operations. In the event that we are unable to successfully grow our service portfolio, we could lose our competitive edge in providing our existing colocation and managed services, since significant time and resources that are devoted to such growth could have been utilised instead to improve and expand our existing solutions and services.

 

We have a substantial customer concentration, with a limited number of customers accounting for a substantial portion of our revenues.

 

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from a few major customers. Our top three customers in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 accounted for approximately 62.2% and 38.2% of our total revenue, respectively. Specifically, Motto Group Limited, Servicesky Limited, and Asia Top Loyalty Limited, our top three customers in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, contributed approximately 32.8%, 17.9% and 11.5% of our total revenue, respectively; while Conversant Technologies Pte. Ltd., Motto Group Limited and Star-tech Computing Limited, our top three customers in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, contributed approximately 16.4%, 12.1%, and 9.7% of our total revenue, respectively.

 

Inherent risks exist whenever a large percentage of total revenues are concentrated with a limited number of customers. It is not possible for us to predict the future level of demand for our solutions and services that will be generated by these customers or the future demand for our solutions and services by these customers in the marketplace. If any of these customers experience declining or delayed sales due to market, economic or competitive conditions, we could be pressured to reduce our prices or they could decrease the purchase quantity of our solutions and services, which could have an adverse effect on our margins and financial position, and could negatively affect our revenues and results of operations. If any of our largest customers terminates the purchase of our solutions and services, such termination would materially negatively affect our revenues, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Many of our customers have entered into short-term contracts, with terms of one year or less, which do not provide for automatic renewal and require the customer to opt-in to extend the term. Our customers have no obligation to renew, upgrade, or expand their agreements with us after the terms of their existing agreements have expired. If one or more of our customers terminate their contracts with us, whether for convenience, for default in the event of a breach by us, or for other reasons specified in our contracts, as applicable; if our customers elect not to renew their contracts with us; or if our customers renew their contractual arrangements with us for shorter contract lengths or for a reduced scope; our business and results of operations could be adversely affected. This adverse impact would be even more pronounced for customers that represent a material portion of our revenue or business operations.

 

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We depend on a small number of key suppliers for continued provision of our services.

 

Our purchases are concentrated among a small number of suppliers. In the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, our top five suppliers accounted for approximately 90.9% and 88.3% of our total purchases, respectively. In particular, TriTech Distribution Limited accounted for approximately 35.1% and 38.2% of our total purchases in the fiscal years December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively; Ingram Micro (China) Limited accounted for approximately 34.8% and 24.1% of our total purchases in the fiscal years December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively; and Tech Data Distribution (Hong Kong) Limited accounted for approximately 10.1% and 18.8% of our total purchases in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. If any of these suppliers were to reduce or cease their business with us, it could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

We have taken steps to mitigate its supplier concentration risk by planning to diversifying the pool of suppliers and developing long-term relationships with our key suppliers. However, in the foreseeable future, we remain exposed to supplier concentration risk, and any significant changes in the business of our key suppliers could have a material adverse impact on our business.

 

We are exposed to the credit risks of our customers.

 

Our financial position and profitability are dependent on our customers’ creditworthiness. Thus, we are exposed to our customers’ credit risks. There is no assurance that we will not encounter doubtful or bad debts in the future. Due to economic conditions in Hong Kong, in particular the risk of monetary and fiscal policies to address inflation, businesses in Hong Kong are generally conserving cash or under increased financial and credit stress. As a result, we could experience slower payments from our customers and borrowers, an increase in accounts receivable aging and/or an increase in bad debts. If we were to experience any unexpected delay or difficulty in collections from our customers or borrowers, our cash flows and financial results would be adversely affected.

 

We rely on a limited number of vendors. A loss of any of these vendors could significantly negatively affect our business. This reliance on a limited number of vendors increases our risks, since it does not currently have proven reliable alternatives or replacement vendors beyond these key vendors. If we experience a significant increase in demand of our solutions and services, or if we need to replace an existing vendor, we may not be able to supplement service or replace them on acceptable terms, which may undermine our ability to deliver solutions and services to customers in a timely manner. Identifying and approving suitable vendors could be an extensive process that requires us to become satisfied with their quality control, technical capabilities, responsiveness and service, financial stability, regulatory compliance, and labour and other ethical practices. Accordingly, a loss of any significant vendor would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our vendors may face supply chain risks and constraints of their own, which may impact the availability and pricing of our solutions and services as well as our gross margins.

 

Inadequate or inaccurate external and internal information, including budget and planning data, could lead to inaccurate financial forecasts and inappropriate financial decisions.

 

Our financial forecasts are dependent on estimates and assumptions regarding budget and planning data, market growth, foreign exchange rates and our ability to generate sufficient cash flow to reinvest in the business, fund internal growth, and meet our debt obligations. Our financial projections are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that our management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances and at the time they are made. However, if our external and internal information is inadequate, our actual results may differ materially from our forecasts and cause us to make inappropriate financial decisions. Any material variation between our financial forecasts and our actual results may also adversely affect our future profitability, stock price and stockholder confidence.

 

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We may fail to innovate or create new solutions which align with changing market and customer demand.

 

As a provider of integrated solutions, primarily consisting of digital transformation consulting services, professional IT services, AI-powered proactive cloud managed services and IT infrastructure solutions, we expect to encounter some of the challenges, risks, difficulties, and uncertainties frequently encountered by companies providing such solutions and services in rapidly evolving markets. Some of these challenges include our ability to increase the total number of users of our services or adapt to meet changes in our markets and competitive developments. Our personnel must continually stay current with vendor and marketplace technology advancements, create solutions which may integrate evolving vendor products and services as well as solutions and services we provide, to meet changing marketplace and customer demand. Our failure to innovate and provide value to our customers may erode our competitive position and market share and may lead to a decrease in revenue and financial performance.

 

In all of our markets, some of our competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we do. In addition, some of these competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities, technologies, and customer requirements. Many current and potential competitors engage in more extensive promotional marketing and advertising activities, offer more attractive terms to customers, and adopt more aggressive pricing and credit policies than we do. We may not be successful in achieving revenue growth, which may have a material adverse effect on our future operating results as a whole.

 

Our business may face risks of clients’ default on payment.

 

Some of our clients may be exposed to potential financial distress, facing complex challenges, being involved in litigation or regulatory proceedings, or facing foreclosure of collateral or liquidation of assets. The aforementioned situations may become increasingly prevalent among our existing and potential clients in light of the current uncertain micro-economic conditions and/or potential economic slowdowns or recessions. Such clients may not have sufficient funds to continue operations or to pay for our services. We do not usually enter into written business contracts with clients before we begin performing services. In the cases where the clients do not make upfront payment to our invoices, we face a risk of potential default on payment by our clients.

 

We may not manage our growth effectively, and our profitability may suffer.

 

We experience fluctuations in growth of our different segments, practices or services, including periods of rapid or declining growth. Periods of rapid expansion may strain our management team or human resources and information systems. To manage growth successfully, we may need to add qualified managers and employees and periodically update our operating, financial and other systems, as well as our internal procedures and controls. We also must effectively motivate, train and manage a larger professional staff. If we fail to add or retain qualified managers, employees and contractors when needed, estimate costs, or manage our growth effectively, our business, financial results and financial condition may suffer.

 

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We cannot assure that we can successfully manage growth and being profitable as we grow. In periods of declining growth, underutilized employees and contractors may result in expenses and costs being a greater percentage of revenues. In such situations, we will have to weigh the benefits of decreasing our workforce or limiting our service offerings and saving costs against the detriment that we could experience from losing valued professionals and their industry expertise and clients.

 

Our reputation and brand recognition are crucial to our business. Any harm to our reputation or failure to enhance our brand recognition may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our reputation and brand recognition, which depends on earning and maintaining the trust and confidence of our current or potential clients, is critical to our business. Our reputation and brand are vulnerable to many threats that can be difficult or impossible to control, and costly or impossible to remediate. Regulatory inquiries or investigations, lawsuits initiated by clients or other third parties, employee misconduct, perceptions of conflicts of interest and rumours, among other things, could substantially damage our reputation, even if they are baseless or satisfactorily addressed. Moreover, any negative media publicity about our industry in general or solution or service quality problems of other firms in the industry, including our competitors, may also negatively impact our reputation and brand. If we are unable to maintain a good reputation or further enhance our brand recognition, our ability to attract and retain clients and key employees could be harmed and, as a result, our business and revenues would be materially and adversely affected.

 

We may not be able to grow at the historical rate of growth, and if we fail to manage our growth effectively, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

 

We anticipate significant continuing growth in the foreseeable future. However, we cannot assure you that we will grow at the historical rate of growth. Our rapid growth has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our management, personnel, systems and resources. To accommodate our growth, we will need to implement a variety of new and upgraded operational and systems procedures and controls, including the improvement of our accounting and other internal management systems. We also will need to recruit, train, manage and motivate employees and manage our relationships with an increasing number of clients. Moreover, as we introduce new services or enter into new markets, we may face unfamiliar market and operational risks and challenges which we may fail to successfully address. We may be unable to manage our growth effectively, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Our limited operating history may not provide an adequate basis to judge our future prospects and results of operations.

 

Our limited operating history makes the prediction of future results of operations difficult, and therefore, past results of operations achieved by us should not be taken as indicative of the rate of growth, if any, that can be expected in the future. As a result, you should consider our future prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties experienced by early stage companies in a rapidly evolving and increasingly competitive market in Hong Kong.

 

We may not be able to obtain or maintain all necessary licenses, permits and approvals and to make all necessary registrations and filings for our activities in multiple jurisdictions and related to residents therein.

 

We operate in an industry which is subject to regulation and may requires various licenses, permits and approvals in different jurisdictions to conduct our businesses. Our customers include people who live in jurisdictions where we do not have licenses issued by the local regulatory bodies. It is possible that authorities in those jurisdictions may take the position that we are required to obtain licenses or otherwise comply with laws and regulations which we believe are not required or applicable to our business activities. If we fail to comply with the regulatory requirements, we may encounter the risk of being disqualified for our existing businesses or being rejected for renewal of our qualifications upon expiry by the regulatory authorities as well as other penalties, fines or sanctions. In addition, in respect of any new business that we may contemplate, we may not be able to obtain the relevant approvals for developing such new business if we fail to comply with the relevant regulations and regulatory requirements. As a result, we may fail to develop new business as planned, or we may fall behind our competitors in such businesses.

 

A failure in our information technology, or IT, systems could cause interruptions in our services, undermine the responsiveness of our services, disrupt our business, damage our reputation and cause losses.

 

Our IT systems support all phases of our operations, including marketing, customer development and the provision of customer support services, and are an essential part of our technology infrastructure. If our systems fail to perform, we could experience disruptions in operations, slower response time or decreased customer satisfaction. We must process, record and monitor a large number of transactions and our operations are highly dependent on the integrity of our technology systems and our ability to make timely enhancements and additions to our systems. System interruptions, errors or downtime can result from a variety of causes, including changes in customer usage patterns, technological failures, changes to our systems, linkages with third-party systems and power failures. Our systems are vulnerable to disruptions from human error, execution errors, errors in models such as those used for risk management and compliance, employee misconduct, unauthorized trading, external fraud, computer viruses, distributed denial of service attacks, computer viruses or cyberattacks, terrorist attacks, natural disaster, power outage, capacity constraints, software flaws, events impacting key business partners and vendors, and similar events.

 

It could take an extended period of time to restore full functionality to our technology or other operating systems in the event of an unforeseen occurrence, which could affect our ability to process and settle customer transactions. Moreover, instances of fraud or other misconduct might also negatively impact our reputation and customer confidence in us, in addition to any direct losses that might result from such instances. Despite our efforts to identify areas of risk, oversee operational areas involving risks, and implement policies and procedures designed to manage these risks, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer unexpected losses, reputational damage or regulatory actions due to technology or other operational failures or errors, including those of our vendors or other third parties.

 

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Use of AI in our operations poses inherent risks and could adversely affect our results of operations, reputation and brand.

 

We have and are continuing to incorporate AI on our platforms for data collection, incident categorization, root cause analysis, and predictive incident management, among others. These are critical to our current business plan and our future business plan. If the output from these services is deemed to be inaccurate or questionable, we may not be able to rely on the use of AI for our Platform. Without the use of AI for our platforms, we will lose a number of the competitive advantages that we believe we have as compared to our competitors, which could lead to a loss in revenue. Such inaccurate or questionable information could also lead to a loss in our reputation and brand, which could further affect our results of operations. We may also be subject to litigation in the event that such inaccurate or questionable causes damage to one of our customers.

 

Use of AI in our operations may present additional legal, regulatory, and social risks, which could lead to additional costs and impact our business.

 

Because AI is a developing technology in its nascency, legal frameworks for AI governance are in their infancy quickly developing, and unpredictable. The misuse of AI raises new ethical issues and poses a number of risks that cannot be fully mitigated. Using AI while the technology is still developing may expose us to additional liability, reputational harm, and threats of litigation, particularly if the AI we adopt produces errors, intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy or cybersecurity issues, or otherwise does not function as intended.

 

The emergence of AI in recent years has also prompted lawmakers to consider regulation of AI. These regulations may impose certain obligations on organizations, and the costs of monitoring and responding to such regulations, as well as the consequences of non-compliance, could have an adverse effect on our operations or financial condition. For example, the AI regulatory landscape in Hong Kong is still somewhat fragmented. There is currently no overarching legislation regulating the use of AI in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong authorities have relied on existing legislation with sector-specific guidelines from regulators, such as the Hong Kong Monetary Authority and the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong, to address the risks and challenges posed by AI. As AI technology continues to develop, Hong Kong may impose additional rules, regulations and industry standards governing the use of AI in the future.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, the legislation in the jurisdictions in which we operate does not have a material impact on our operations. However, there can be no assurance that the legislation in the jurisdictions in which we operate will not have a material impact on our operations in the future.

 

If we fail to prevent security breaches, improper access to or disclosure of our data or user data, or other hacking and attacks, we may lose users, and our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

 

Our business involves the storage and transmission of proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data, including personal information of its employees, customers and others. In addition, in connection with our services business, some of our employees may have access to our customers’ confidential data and other information stored on certain data centers.

 

We have privacy and data security policies in place that are designed to prevent security breaches and we have employed substantial resources to develop our security measures against breaches. However, as newer technologies evolve, and the portfolio of the service providers with which we share confidential information with grows, we could be exposed to increased risk of breaches in security and other illegal or fraudulent acts, including cyberattacks. The evolving nature of such threats, in light of new and sophisticated methods used by criminals and cyberterrorists, including computer viruses, malware, phishing, misrepresentation, social engineering and forgery, is making it increasingly challenging to anticipate and adequately mitigate these risks.

 

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We are likely in the future to be subject to these types of attacks. If we are unable to avert these attacks and security breaches, we could be subject to significant legal and financial liabilities, our reputation would be harmed and we could sustain substantial revenue loss from lost sales and customer dissatisfaction. We may not have the resources or technical sophistication to anticipate or prevent rapidly evolving types of cyberattacks. Cyber-attacks may target us, our suppliers, customers or other participants, or the internet infrastructure on which we depend. Actual or anticipated attacks and risks may cause us to incur significantly higher costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and network protection technologies, train employees, and engage third-party experts and consultants. As we do not carry cybersecurity insurance, we will not be able to mitigate such risks to any third party. Cybersecurity breaches would not only harm our reputation and business, but also could materially decrease our revenue and net income.

 

We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.

 

We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be from time to time in the future subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights that are infringed by our solutions, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. Holders of such intellectual property rights may seek to enforce such rights against us in Hong Kong, the United States or other jurisdictions. If any third-party infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert some resources from our business and operations to defend against these claims, regardless of their merits.

 

Additionally, the application and interpretation of Hong Kong’s intellectual property rights laws and the procedures and standards for granting trademarks, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights in Hong Kong are still evolving and are uncertain, and we cannot ensure that Hong Kong courts or regulatory authorities would agree with our analysis. If we were found to be in violation of the intellectual property rights of others, we may be subject to liability for our infringement activities or may be prohibited from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives of our own. As a result, our business and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.

 

Compromise of confidential or proprietary information could damage our reputation, harm our businesses and adversely impact our financial results.

 

Our own confidential and proprietary information and that of our clients could be compromised, whether intentionally or unintentionally, by our employees, consultants or vendors. A compromise of the security of our information technology systems leading to theft or misuse of our own or our clients’ proprietary or confidential information, or the public disclosure or use of such information by others, could result in losses, third-party claims against us and reputational harm, including the loss of clients. The theft or compromise of our or our clients’ information could negatively impact our reputation, financial results and prospects. In addition, if our reputation is damaged due to a data security breach, our ability to attract new engagements and clients may be impaired or we may be subjected to damages or penalties, which could negatively impact our businesses, financial results or financial condition.

 

Increases in labour costs in Hong Kong may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

The economy in Hong Kong has experienced increases in inflation and labour costs in recent years. As a result, average wages in Hong Kong are expected to continue to increase. In addition, we are required by Hong Kong laws and regulations to maintain various statutory employee benefits, including mandatory provident fund scheme and work-related injury insurance, to provide statutorily required paid sick leave, annual leave and maternity leave, and pay severance payments or long service payments. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has complied with such requirements, and those employers who fail to comply commit a criminal offence and may be subject to fines and/or imprisonment. We expect that our labour costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to control our labour costs or pass on these increased labour costs to our users by increasing the fees of our services, our financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

 

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We do not have any business insurance coverage.

 

Currently, we do not have any business liability or disruption insurance to cover our operations. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured business disruptions may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Our principal shareholders have substantial influence over us and their interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders.

 

Rainbow Sun Enterprises Limited (“Rainbow Sun”), a holding company incorporated in the BVI, currently owns 75.25% of our outstanding shares, and will own approximately 69.68% of our Ordinary Shares following the offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option. Mr. Yee Kar Wing (“Mr. Yee”) is the controlling shareholder and sole director of Rainbow Sun, while Mr. Hui Wai Ming (“Mr. Hui”), the only minority shareholder of Rainbow Sun has entered into a concert party agreement with Mr. Yee, pursuant to which Mr. Hui agrees to act in concert with Mr. Yee in all matters with respect to the Company, Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited and SCS. As such, Mr. Yee will be able to exert significant voting influence over our business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. These actions may be taken even if they are opposed by our other shareholders, including those who purchased Ordinary Shares in our initial public offering. Moreover, this concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of us, which could deprive our shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of us and might reduce the price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

Changes in capital markets, merger and acquisition activity, legal or regulatory requirements, general economic conditions and monetary or geopolitical disruptions, as well as other factors beyond our control, could reduce demand for our practice offerings or services, in which case our revenues and profitability could decline.

 

Different factors outside of our control could affect demand for a segment’s practices and our services. These include:

 

fluctuations in U.S. and/or global economies, including economic downturns or recessions and the strength and rate of any general economic recoveries;

 

level of leverage incurred by countries or businesses;

 

merger and acquisition activity;

 

frequency and complexity of significant commercial litigation;

 

overexpansion by businesses causing financial difficulties;

 

business and management crises, including the occurrence of alleged fraudulent or illegal activities and practices;

 

new and complex laws and regulations, repeals of existing laws and regulations or changes of enforcement of laws, rules and regulations, including antitrust/competition reviews of proposed merger and acquisition transactions;

 

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other economic, geographic or political factors; and

 

general business conditions.

 

We are not able to predict the positive or negative effects that future events or changes to the U.S. or global economies will have on our business or the business of any particular segment. Fluctuations, changes and disruptions in financial, credit, merger and acquisition and other markets, political instability and general business factors could impact various segments’ operations and could affect such operations differently. Changes to factors described above, as well as other events, including by way of example, contractions of regional economies, or the economy of a particular country, trade restrictions, monetary systems, banking, real estate and retail or other industries; debt or credit difficulties or defaults by businesses or countries; new, repeals of or changes to laws and regulations, including changes to the bankruptcy and competition laws of the U.S. or other countries; banking reform; a decline in the implementation or adoption of new laws or regulation, or in government enforcement, litigation or monetary damages or remedies that are sought; or political instability may have adverse effects on one or more of our segments or service, practice or industry offerings.

 

We face risks related to natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks, which could significantly disrupt our operations.

 

We rely heavily on technology, particularly the Internet, to provide high-quality services. However, our technology operations are vulnerable to disruptions arising from human error, natural disasters, power failure, computer viruses, spam attacks, unauthorized access, network disruptions and other similar events. In addition, our results of operations could be adversely affected to the extent that any health epidemic harms the Hong Kong economy in general. A prolonged outbreak of any illnesses or other adverse public health developments in Hong Kong or elsewhere in the world could have a material adverse effect on our business operations. Such outbreaks could severely disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our headquarter is located in Hong Kong, where our management and employees currently reside. Consequently, if any natural disasters, health epidemics or other public safety concerns were to affect Hong Kong or cause travel restriction in or out of Hong Kong or its surrounding areas, our operation may experience material disruptions, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. On February 24, 2022, the Russian Federation launched an invasion of Ukraine that has had an immediate impact on the global economy resulting in higher energy prices and higher prices for certain raw materials and goods and services which in turn is contributing to higher inflation in the United States and other countries across the globe with significant disruption to financial markets. We do not have any operation or business in Russia or Ukraine, however, we may potentially be indirectly adversely impacted any significant disruption it has caused and may continue to escalate. Any one or more of these events may impede our operation and delivery efforts and adversely affect our sales results, or even for a prolonged period of time, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business.

 

Our business is subject to regulation by various governmental agencies in Hong Kong, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing compliance with various legal obligations, such as privacy and data protection-related laws and regulations, intellectual property laws, employment and labour laws, workplace safety, governmental trade laws, import and export controls, anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, and tax laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than in Hong Kong. These laws and regulations impose added costs on our business. Non-compliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to:

 

investigations, enforcement actions, and sanctions;

 

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mandatory changes to our network and solutions;

 

disgorgement of profits, fines, and damages;

 

civil and criminal penalties or injunctions;

 

claims for damages by our customers or channel partners;

 

termination of contracts;

 

failure to obtain, maintain or renew certain licenses, approvals, permits, registrations or filings necessary to conduct our operations; and

 

temporary or permanent debarment from sales to public service organizations.

 

If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of our management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could materially harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

 

Any reviews by regulatory agencies or legislatures may result in substantial regulatory fines, changes to our business practices, and other penalties, which could negatively affect our business and results of operations. Changes in social, political, and regulatory conditions or in laws and policies governing a wide range of topics may cause us to change our business practices. Further, our expansion into a variety of new fields also could raise a number of new regulatory issues. These factors could negatively affect our business and results of operations in material ways.

 

Moreover, we are exposed to the risk of misconduct, errors and failure to functions by our management, employees and parties with whom we collaborate, who may from time to time be subject to litigation and regulatory investigations and proceedings or otherwise face potential liability and penalties in relation to noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations, which could harm our reputation and business.

 

If we become directly subject to the recent scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity involving U.S.-listed Chinese companies, we may have to expend significant resources to investigate and resolve the matter, which could harm our business operations, stock price and reputation and could result in a loss of your investment in our stock, especially if such matter cannot be addressed and resolved favourably.

 

Recently, U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China, including Hong Kong, have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centred around financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed Chinese Companies has sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is not clear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity will have on us, our business and our stock price. Although substantially all of our operations are based in Hong Kong, if we become the subject of any unfavourable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend us. This situation will be costly and time consuming and distract our management from our growth.

 

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If we are unable to accept client engagements due to real or perceived relationship issues, our revenues, growth, client engagements and prospects may be negatively affected.

 

Our inability to accept engagements from existing or prospective clients, represent multiple clients in connection with the same or competitive engagements, or any requirement that we resign from a client engagement may negatively impact our revenues, growth and financial results. While we follow internal practices to assess real and potential issues in the relationships between and among our clients, engagements, segments, practices and professionals, such concerns cannot always be avoided. For example, we generally will not represent parties adverse to each other in the same matter. We will consider future strategic or opportunistic acquisitions. In those cases, some or all of the following risks could be applicable. Acquisitions may require us to resign from a client engagement because of relationship issues that are not currently identifiable. In addition, businesses that we acquire or employees who join us may not be free to accept engagements they could have accepted prior to our acquisition or hire because of relationship issues.

 

Claims involving our services could harm our overall professional reputation and our ability to compete and attract business or hire or retain qualified professionals.

 

Our engagements involve matters that may result in a severe impact on a client’s business, cause the client a substantial monetary loss or prevent the client from pursuing business opportunities. Our ability to attract new clients and generate new and repeat engagements or hire professionals depends upon our ability to maintain a high degree of client satisfaction, as well as our reputation among industry professionals. As a result, any claims against us involving the quality of our services may be more damaging than similar claims against businesses in other industries.

 

We may incur significant costs and may lose engagements as a result of claims by our clients regarding our services.

 

Many of our engagements involve complex analysis and the exercise of professional judgment. Therefore, we are subject to the risk of professional and other liabilities. Damages and/or expenses resulting from any successful claim against us, for indemnity or otherwise, in excess of the amount of insurance coverage will be borne directly by us and could harm our profitability and financial resources. Any claim by a client or third party against us could expose us to reputational issues that adversely affect our ability to attract new or maintain existing engagements or clients or qualified professionals or other employees, consultants or contractors.

 

We may not have, or may choose not to pursue, legal remedies against clients that terminate their engagements.

 

The engagement letters that we typically have with clients do not obligate them to continue to use our services and permit them to terminate the engagement without penalty at any time. Even if the termination of an ongoing engagement by a client could constitute a breach of the client’s engagement agreement, we may decide that preserving the overall client relationship is more important than seeking damages for the breach and, for that or other reasons, decide not to pursue any legal remedies against a client, even though such remedies may be available to us. We make the determination whether to pursue any legal actions against a client on a case-by-case basis.

 

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If we fail to compete effectively, we may miss new business opportunities or lose existing clients, and our revenues and profitability may decline.

 

The market for some of our services is highly competitive. We face competition in several areas, including price, quality of services, breadth and flexibility of services, capacity and customer relationships. Our competitors include large organizations, such as the global IT consulting and software companies, which offer niche services that are the same or similar to services or solutions offered by one or more of our segments; and small firms and independent contractors that focus on specialized services. Some of our competitors have significantly more financial resources, a larger national or international presence, larger professional staffs and greater brand recognition than we do. Some have lower overhead and other costs and can compete through lower cost-service offerings. We also expect increased competition as new entrants enter into this expanding market with new services at lower prices or with improved technical know-how. In the event that our competitors offer less expensive alternatives to our services, or engage in aggressive pricing in order to increase their market share, we could lose our potential and existing customers to our competitors, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

Risks Related to Our People

 

Our failure to recruit and retain qualified professionals could negatively affect our financial results and our ability to staff client engagements, maintain relationships with clients and drive future growth.

 

We deliver sophisticated professional services to our clients. Our success is dependent, in large part, on our ability to keep our supply of skills and resources in balance with client demand around the world. To attract and retain clients, we need to demonstrate professional acumen and build trust and strong relationships. Our professionals have highly specialized skills. They also develop strong bonds with the clients they serve. Our continued success depends upon our ability to attract and retain professionals who have expertise, a good reputation and client relationships critical to maintaining and developing our business. We face intense competition in recruiting and retaining qualified and experienced professionals to drive our organic growth and support expansion of our services and geographic footprint. We cannot assure that we will be able to attract or retain qualified professionals to maintain or expand our business. If we are unable to successfully integrate, motivate and retain qualified professionals, our ability to continue to secure work may suffer. Moreover, competition has caused our costs of retaining and hiring qualified professionals to increase, a trend that could continue and could adversely affect our operating margins and financial results.

 

Despite fixed terms or renewal provisions, we could face retention issues during and at the end of the terms of those agreements and large compensation expenses to secure extensions. There is no assurance we will enter into new or extend employment agreements with our professionals. We monitor contract expirations carefully to commence dialogues with professionals regarding their employment in advance of the actual contract expiration dates. Our goal is to renew employment agreements when advisable and to stagger the expirations of the agreements if possible. Because of the concentration of contract expirations in certain years as we expand our business, we may experience high turnover or other adverse consequences, such as higher costs, loss of clients and engagements or difficulty in staffing engagements, if we are unable to renegotiate employment arrangements or the costs of retaining qualified professionals become too high. The implementation of new compensation arrangements may result in the concentration of potential turnover in future years.

 

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Headcount reductions to manage costs during periods of reduced demand for our services could have negative impacts on our business over the longer term.

 

During periods of reduced demand for our services, or in response to unfavourable changes in market or industry conditions, we may seek to align our cost structure more closely with our revenues and increase our utilization rates by reducing headcount and eliminating or consolidating underused locations in affected business segments or practices. Following such actions, in response to subsequent increases in demand for our services, including as a result of favourable changes in market or industry conditions, we may need to hire, train and integrate additional qualified and skilled personnel and may be unable to do so to meet our needs or our clients’ demands on a timely basis. If we are unable to manage staffing levels on a timely basis in light of changing opportunities or conditions, our ability to accept or service business opportunities and client engagements, take advantage of positive market and industry developments, and realize future growth could be negatively affected, which could negatively impact our revenues and profitability. In addition, while increased utilization resulting from headcount reductions may enhance our profitability in the near term, it could negatively affect our business over the longer term by limiting the time our professionals have to seek out and cultivate new client relationships and win new projects.

 

Employees may leave us to form or join competitors, and we may not have, or may choose not to pursue, legal recourse against such professionals.

 

Our employees typically have close relationships with the clients they serve, based on their expertise and bonds of personal trust and confidence. Therefore, the barriers to our employees pursuing independent business opportunities or joining our competitors should be considered low. Although our clients generally contract for services with us as a company, and not with an individual employee, in the event that an employee leaves, such clients may decide that they prefer to continue working with a specific person rather than with us. In the event an employee departs and acts in a way that we believe violates his or her non-competition or non-solicitation agreement, we will consider any legal remedies we may have against such person on a case-by-case basis. We may decide that preserving cooperation and a professional relationship with a former employee or client, or other concerns, outweighs the benefits of any possible legal recourse. We may also decide that the likelihood of success does not justify the costs of pursuing a legal remedy. Therefore, there may be times we may decide not to pursue legal action, even if it is available to us.

 

Risks Related to Acquisitions

 

We may consider future strategic or opportunistic acquisitions. In those cases, some or all of the following risks could be applicable.

 

We may have difficulty integrating acquisitions or convincing clients to allow assignment of their engagements to us, which can reduce the benefits we receive from acquisitions.

 

The process of managing and integrating acquisitions into our existing operations may result in unforeseen operating difficulties and may require significant financial, operational and managerial resources that would otherwise be available for the operation, development and organic expansion of our existing operations. To the extent that we misjudge our ability to properly manage and integrate acquisitions, we may have difficulty achieving our operating, strategic and financial objectives.

 

Acquisitions also may involve a number of special financial, business and operational risks, such as:

 

difficulties in integrating diverse corporate cultures and management styles;

 

disparate policies and practices;

 

client relationship issues;

 

decreased utilization during the integration process;

 

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loss of key existing or acquired personnel;

 

increased costs to improve or coordinate managerial, operational, financial and administrative systems;

 

dilutive issuances of equity securities, including convertible debt securities, to finance acquisitions;

 

the assumption of legal liabilities;

 

future earn-out payments or other price adjustments;

 

potential future write-offs relating to the impairment of goodwill or other acquired intangible assets or the revaluation of assets;

 

difficulty or inability to collect receivables; and

 

undisclosed liabilities.

 

In addition to the integration challenges mentioned above, our acquisitions of non-U.S. companies offer distinct integration challenges relating to foreign laws and governmental regulations, including tax and employee benefit laws, and other factors relating to operating in countries other than the U.S..

 

Asset transactions may require us to seek client consents to the assignment of their engagements to us or a subsidiary. All clients may not consent to assignments. In certain cases, such as government contracts and bankruptcy engagements, the consent of clients cannot be solicited until after the acquisition has closed. Further, such engagements may be subject to security clearance requirements or bidding provisions with which we might not be able to comply. There is no assurance that clients of the acquired entity or local, state, federal or foreign governments will agree to novate or assign their contracts to us.

 

We may also hire groups of selected professionals from another company. In such event, there may be restrictions on the ability of the professionals who join us to compete and work on client engagements. In addition, we may enter into arrangements with the former employers of those professionals regarding limitations on their work until any time restrictions pass. In such circumstances, there is no assurance that we will enter into mutually agreeable arrangements with any former employer, and the utilization of such professionals may be limited, and our financial results could be negatively affected until their restrictions end. We could also face litigation risks from group hires.

 

An acquisition may not be accretive in the near term or at all.

 

Competitive market conditions may require us to pay a price that represents a higher multiple of revenues or profits for an acquisition. As a result of these competitive dynamics, cost of the acquisition or other factors, certain acquisitions may not be accretive to our overall financial results at the time of the acquisition or at all.

 

We may have a different system of governance and management from a company we acquire or its parent, which could cause professionals who join us from an acquired company to leave us.

 

Our governance and management policies and practices will not mirror the policies and practices of an acquired company or its parent. In some cases, different management practices and policies may lead to workplace dissatisfaction on the part of professionals who join us. Some professionals may choose not to join us or leave after joining us. Existing professionals may leave us as well. The loss of key professionals may harm our business and financial results and cause us not to realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition.

 

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Due to fluctuations in our stock price, acquisition candidates may be reluctant to accept our Ordinary Shares as purchase price consideration, use of our shares as purchase price consideration may be dilutive or the owners of certain companies we seek to acquire may insist on stock price guarantees.

 

We may structure an acquisition to pay a portion of the purchase price in our Ordinary Shares. The number of shares issued as consideration is typically based on an average closing price per Ordinary Share for a number of days prior to the closing of such acquisition. Stock market volatility, generally, or stock price volatility, specifically, may result in acquisition candidates being reluctant to accept our shares as consideration. In such cases, we may have to issue more shares if stock constitutes part of the consideration, offer stock price guarantees, pay the entire purchase price in cash or negotiate an alternative price structure. The result may be an increase in the cost of an acquisition. There is no assurance that an acquisition candidate will not negotiate stock price guarantees with respect to a future acquisition, which may increase the cost of such acquisition.

 

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

 

We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

 

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, and we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. If any of our subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.

 

Under the current practice of the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us. See “Taxation — Hong Kong Profits Taxation” of this prospectus. Any limitation on the ability of our Hong Kong subsidiary to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

 

Our lack of effective internal controls over financial reporting may affect our ability to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, which may affect the market for and price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

To implement Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management on the company’s internal control over financial reporting. Prior to filing the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, we were a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources for addressing our internal control over financial reporting. Our management has not completed an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and our independent registered public accounting firm has not conducted an audit of our internal control over financial reporting. However, in connection with the audits of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, we and our independent registered public accounting firms identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as well as other control deficiencies for the above-mentioned periods. As defined in the standards established by the PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness identified related to (i) inadequate segregation of duties for certain key functions due to limited staff and resources; (ii) a lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to formalize key controls over financial reporting and to prepare consolidated financial statements and related disclosures; (iii) a lack of independent directors and an audit committee to establish formal risk assessment process and internal control framework; and (iv) a lack of documented policies and controls (including IT controls and cybersecurity framework) which enable management and other personnel to understand and carry out their internal control responsibilities.

 

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We intend to implement measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to address the underlying causes of these material weaknesses, including (i) hiring more qualified staff to fill up the key roles in the operations; (ii) setting up a financial and system control framework with formal documentation of polices and controls in place; (iii) appointing independent directors, establishing an audit committee and strengthening corporate governance; and (iv) restricting and managing types of access rights and number of users in the applications hosted by service organizations and the application used for financial reporting based on individuals with their corresponding business roles and responsibilities.

 

We will be subject to the requirement that we maintain internal controls and that management perform periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal controls. Effective internal control over financial reporting is important to prevent fraud. As a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as the market for and trading price of our Ordinary Shares, may be materially and adversely affected if we do not have effective internal controls. Before this offering, we were a private company with limited resources. As a result, we may not discover any problems in a timely manner and current and potential shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the trading price of our Ordinary Shares. The absence of internal controls over financial reporting may inhibit investors from purchasing our Ordinary Shares and may make it more difficult for us to raise funds in a debt or equity financing.

 

Additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies may be identified in the future. If we identify such issues or if we are unable to produce accurate and timely financial statements, our stock price may decline and we may be unable to maintain compliance with NYSE American Company Guide.

 

If we cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer, we would be required to comply fully with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, and we would incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.

 

We expect to qualify as a foreign private issuer upon the completion of this offering. As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as United States domestic issuers, and we will not be required to disclose in our periodic reports all of the information that United States domestic issuers are required to disclose. While we currently expect to qualify as a foreign private issuer immediately following the completion of this offering, we may cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer in the future.

 

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We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to emerging growth companies, this could make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.

 

We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act. Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. We have elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised, and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. If some investors find our Ordinary Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Ordinary Shares and our share price may be more volatile.

 

As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from NYSE American corporate governance listing standards.

 

As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the corporate governance listing requirements of the NYSE American. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with corporate governance listing requirements of the NYSE American. We will rely on home country practice to be exempted from certain of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE American, namely:

 

(i) there will not be a necessity to hold meetings of board of directors on at least a quarterly basis, or the requirement for independent directors to have regularly scheduled executive sessions at least annually without the presence of non-independent directors and management;

 

(ii) there will be no requirement for the Company to obtain shareholder approval with respect to (a) the establishment (or material amendment to) a stock option or purchase plan or other equity compensation arrangement as specified in Section 711 of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide; (b) the issuance of additional shares as sole or partial consideration for an acquisition of the stock or assets of another company in the circumstances specified in Section 712 of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide; and (c) the issuance of additional shares in connection with a transaction specified in Section 713 of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide, or that will result in a change of control of the Company; and

 

(iii) there will be no requirement for the Company to hold annual meeting of shareholders as specified in Section 704 of the NYSE American LLC Company Guide.

 

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, particularly after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.”

 

Upon consummation of this offering, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act and will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering, (b) in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least US$1.235 billion, or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our Ordinary Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the prior June 30th, and (2) the date on which we have issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

 

Compliance with these rules and regulations increases our legal and financial compliance costs and makes some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” or until five years following the completion of our initial public offering, whichever is earlier, we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC. For example, as a public company, we have been required to increase the number of independent directors and adopt policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. We have incurred additional costs in obtaining director and officer liability insurance. In addition, we incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

 

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Our board of directors may decline to register transfers of shares in certain circumstances.

 

Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, decline to register any transfer of any share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our directors may also decline to register any transfer of any share unless (i) the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; (ii) the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares; (iii) the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; (iv) in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the share is to be transferred does not exceed four; (v) the shares conceded are free of any lien in favour of us; or (vi) a fee of such maximum sum as NYSE American may determine to be payable, or such lesser sum as our board of directors may from time to time require, is paid to us in respect thereof.

 

If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within one month after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal. The registration of transfers may, on 14 days’ notice being given by advertisement in such one or more newspapers or by electronic means, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 days in any year.

 

Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong

 

Although we and our subsidiaries are not based in Mainland China and we have no operations in Mainland China, the PRC government may intervene or influence our current and future operations in Hong Kong at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers like ourselves. It may result in a material adverse change in SCS’s operations, significantly limit or completely hinder SCS’s ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of SCS’s securities to significantly decline or become worthless, which would materially affect the interests of the investors.

 

We and our subsidiaries are not based in Mainland China and do not have operations in Mainland China. We currently do not have or intend to set up any subsidiary in Mainland China, or do not foresee the need to enter into any contractual arrangements with a VIE to establish a VIE structure in Mainland China. In 2023 and 2024, we generated approximately 90.9% and 79.5% of our revenues from Hong Kong, respectively. Pursuant to the Basic Law, which is a national law of the PRC and the constitutional document for Hong Kong, national laws of the PRC shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law and applied locally by promulgation or local legislation. The Basic Law expressly provides that the national laws of the PRC which may be listed in Annex III of the Basic Law shall be confined to those relating to defense and foreign affairs as well as other matters outside the autonomy of Hong Kong. The basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong as a special administrative region of the PRC are reflected in the Basic Law, providing Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems.”

 

However, in light of the PRC government’s recent expansion of authority in Hong Kong, we may be subject to uncertainty about any future actions of the PRC government or authorities in Hong Kong, and it is possible that all the legal and operational risks associated with being based in and having operations in the PRC may also apply to operations in Hong Kong in the future. There is no assurance that there will not be any changes in the economic, political and legal environment in Hong Kong. The PRC government may intervene or influence our current and future operations in Hong Kong at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in issuers like ourselves. Such governmental actions, if and when they occur: (i) could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue our operations; (ii) could significantly limit or hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares to investors; and (iii) may cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or become worthless.

 

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All of SCS’s operations are in Hong Kong. However, due to the long arm provisions under the current PRC laws and regulations, the PRC government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene in or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares. The PRC government may also intervene or impose restrictions on our ability to move money out of Hong Kong to distribute earnings and pay dividends or to reinvest in our business outside of Hong Kong. Changes in the policies, regulations, rules, and the enforcement of laws of the PRC government may also be quick with little advance notice and our assertions and beliefs of the risk imposed by the PRC legal and regulatory system cannot be certain.

 

CCCI is a holding company, and we conduct our operations in Hong Kong through SCS, our wholly-owned subsidiary, formed in Hong Kong. Substantially all of our operations are located in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, the PRC government may choose to exercise significant oversight and discretion, and the policies, regulations, rules, and the enforcement of laws of the PRC government to which we are subject may change rapidly and with little advance notice to us or our shareholders. As a result, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of new and existing laws and regulations in the PRC are often uncertain. In addition, these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied inconsistently by different agencies or authorities, and may be inconsistent with our current policies and practices. New laws, regulations, and other government directives in the PRC may also be costly to comply with, and such compliance or any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions may:

 

delay or impede our development;

 

result in negative publicity or increase our operating costs;

 

require significant management time and attention; and/or

 

subject us to remedies, administrative penalties and even criminal liabilities that may harm our business, including fines assessed for our current or historical operations, or demands or orders that we modify or even cease our business practices.

 

We are aware that recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in Mainland China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland-China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operation, the ability to accept foreign investments and list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange.

 

The PRC government may intervene or influence our operations at any time or may exert control over offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in Hong Kong-based issuers, which may result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares. For example, there is currently no restriction or limitation under the laws of Hong Kong on the conversion of HK dollar into foreign currencies and the transfer of currencies out of Hong Kong and the laws. However, the PRC government may, in the future, impose restrictions or limitations on our ability to move money out of Hong Kong to distribute earnings and pay dividends to and from the other entities within our organization or to reinvest in our business outside of Hong Kong. Such restrictions and limitations, if imposed in the future, may delay or hinder the expansion of our business outside of Hong Kong and may affect our ability to receive funds from SCS. The promulgation of new laws or regulations, or the new interpretation of existing laws and regulations, in each case, that restrict or otherwise unfavourably impact the ability or way we conduct our business, could require us to change certain aspects of our business to ensure compliance, which could decrease demand for our services, reduce revenues, increase costs, require us to obtain more licenses, permits, approvals or certificates, or subject us to additional liabilities. To the extent any new or more stringent measures are required to be implemented, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected and such measures could materially decrease the value of our Ordinary Shares, potentially rendering it worthless.

 

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Compliance with Hong Kong’s Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance and any such other existing or future data privacy related laws, regulations and governmental orders may entail significant expenses and could materially affect our business.

 

Although we are not subject to cybersecurity review by the CAC or CSRC nor any other PRC authorities for this Offering or required to obtain regulatory approval regarding the data privacy and personal information requirements from the CAC nor any other PRC authorities for ours and SCS’s operations in Hong Kong, we are subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding data privacy and protection in Hong Kong.

 

In particular, the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Chap. 486) of Hong Kong) (“PDPO”) imposes a duty on any data user who, either alone or jointly with other persons, controls the collection, holding, processing or use of any personal data which relates directly or indirectly to a living individual and can be used to identify that individual. Under the PDPO, data users shall take all practicable steps to protect the personal data they hold from any unauthorized or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss, or use. Once collected, such personal data should not be kept longer than necessary for the fulfilment of the purpose for which it is or is to be used and shall be erased if it is no longer required, unless erasure is prohibited by law or is not in the public interest. The PDPO also confers on the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (“Privacy Commissioner”) power to conduct investigations and institute prosecutions. The data protection principles (collectively, the “DPP”), which are contained in Schedule 1 to the PDPO, outline how data users should collect, handle, and use personal data, complemented by other provisions imposing further compliance requirements. The collective objective of DPPs is to ensure that personal data is collected on a fully informed basis and in a fair manner, with due consideration towards minimizing the amount of personal data collected. Once collected, the personal data should be processed in a secure manner and should only be kept for as long as necessary for the fulfilment of the purposes of using the data. Use of the data should be limited to or related to the original collection purpose. Data subjects are given certain rights, inter alia: (a) the right to be informed by a data user whether the data user holds personal data of which the individual is the data subject; (b) if the data user holds such data, to be supplied with a copy of such data; and (c) the right to request correction of any data they consider to be inaccurate. The Commissioner may carry out criminal investigations and institute prosecution for certain offenses. Depending on the severity of the cases, the Privacy Commissioner will decide whether to prosecute or refer cases involving suspected commission to the Department of Justice of Hong Kong. Victims may also seek compensation by civil action from data users for damage caused by a contravention of the PDPO. The Commissioner may provide legal assistance to the aggrieved data subjects if the Commissioner deems fit to do so.

 

We believe that we have been in compliance with the data privacy and personal information requirements of the PDPO. Moreover, we do not expect to be subject to any cybersecurity review by Hong Kong and PRC government authorities for this Offering. However, if we or SCS conducting business operations in Hong Kong have violated certain provisions of the PDPO, we could face significant civil penalties and/or criminal prosecution, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

We may become subject to a variety of PRC laws and other obligations regarding M&A Rules, the Trial Measures and data security, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies on August 8, 2006, and amended on June 22, 2009, requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of domestic companies in Mainland China and controlled by companies or individuals of Mainland China to obtain the approval of the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. In addition, on December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Draft Administrative Provisions and the Draft Filing Measures, both of which had a comment period that expired on January 23, 2022. The Draft Administrative Provisions and Draft Filing Measures regulate the administrative system, record-filing management, and other related rules in respect of the direct or indirect overseas issuance of listed and traded securities by “domestic enterprises”. The Draft Administrative Provisions specify that the CSRC has regulatory authority over the “overseas securities offering and listing by domestic enterprises”, and requires “domestic enterprises” to complete filing procedures with the CSRC if they wish to list overseas. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedures and report relevant information to the CSRC; any failure to comply with such filling procedures may result in administrative penalties, such as an order to rectify, warnings, and fines. On April 2, 2022, the CSRC published the Draft Archives Rules, for public comment. These rules state that in the overseas listing activities of domestic companies, domestic companies, as well as securities companies and securities service institutions providing relevant securities services thereof, should establish a sound system of confidentiality and archival work, shall not disclose state secrets, or harm the state and public interests.

 

CCCI is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with one operating subsidiary based in Hong Kong, as of the date of this prospectus, we have no subsidiary, VIE structure or any direct operations in Mainland China, nor do we intend to have any subsidiary or VIE structure or to acquire any equity interests in any domestic companies in Mainland China, and we are not controlled by any companies or individuals of Mainland China. Further, we are headquartered in Hong Kong and our chief executive officer, chief financial officer and all members of our board of directors are not Mainland China citizens and most of our revenues and profits are generated by our subsidiary in Hong Kong and we have not generated any revenues or profits in Mainland China. Additionally, we do not intend to operate in Mainland China in the foreseeable future. As such, we do not believe we would be subject to the M&A Rules, or would be required to file with the CSRC under the Trial Measures. Moreover, pursuant to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or the Basic Law, PRC laws and regulations shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law (which is confined to laws relating to national defense, foreign affairs and other matters that are not within the scope of autonomy).Therefore, we believe, as of the date of this prospectus, the CSRC’s approval or review is not required for the listing and trading of our Ordinary Shares in the U.S. exchange as provided under the M&A Rules and the Trial Measures.

 

Most of SCS’s operations are conducted in Hong Kong, which is a part of the PRC. We are aware that recently, in 2023, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in Mainland China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over mainland-China-based companies listed overseas using a VIE structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding its efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon the legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any. It is also highly uncertain what the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our Hong Kong subsidiary’s daily business operations, their ability to accept foreign investments and the listing of our Ordinary Shares on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. These actions could result in a material change in our operations and/or to the value of our Ordinary Shares and could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares to investors.

 

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In addition, on December 28, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) jointly with the relevant authorities formally published the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) (the “Measures”) which took effect on February 15, 2022 and replaced the former Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2020) issued on July 10, 2021. The Measures require that, among other things, and in addition to any “operator of critical information infrastructure”, any “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and which further elaborate on the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities. The publication of the Measures indicates greater oversight by the CAC over data security, which may impact our business and this Offering in the future. As of the date of this prospectus, SCS does not have any Mainland China individuals as clients. However, SCS may collect and store certain data (including certain personal information) from its customers for “Know Your Customers” purposes, which may include Mainland China individuals in the future. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not expect the Measures to have an impact on our business, operations or this Offering to subject us or SCS to permission requirements from the CAC or any other government agency that is required to approve our subsidiary’s operations, as we do not believe we will be deemed to be an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, that are required to file for cybersecurity review before listing in the U.S. However, there remains significant uncertainty in the interpretation and enforcement of relevant PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations. If we were deemed to be an “operator of critical information infrastructure” or a “data processor” controlling personal information of no less than one million users, or if other regulations promulgated in relation to the Measures are deemed to apply to us, our subsidiary’s business operations and the listing of our Ordinary Shares in the U.S. could be subject to CAC’s cybersecurity review or we and our subsidiary might be covered by permission from the CAC or any other government agency that is required to approve our subsidiary’s operations in the future. Nevertheless, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon the legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any. It also remains uncertain what the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our subsidiary’s daily business operations, its ability to accept foreign investments and the listing of our Ordinary Shares on a U.S. or other foreign exchanges. If any or all of the foregoing were to occur, it may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to complete this Offering or cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or become worthless. As of the date of this prospectus, there are no commensurate laws or regulations in Hong Kong which result in similar significant oversight over data security for companies seeking to offer securities on a foreign exchange. However, we cannot guarantee that, if, in the future, such laws or regulations were issued in Hong Kong, we would be compliant with such laws or regulations in a timely manner or at all. In addition, we may have to spend significant time and costs to become compliant. If we are unable to do so, on commercially reasonable terms, in a timely manner or otherwise, we may become subject to sanctions imposed by the relevant regulatory authorities, and our ability to conduct our business, or offer securities on a U.S. or other international securities exchange may be restricted. As a result of the foregoing, our business, reputation, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, Hong Kong does not have similar regulations as of the PRC to extend oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas. Hong Kong does not have similar regulation as of the Trial Measures and the Guidance Rules and Notice, and Measures for Cybersecurity Review of the PRC. In the event that (i) the PRC government expands the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to review by the CSRC or the CAC or if applicable laws, regulations or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such permissions or approvals, (ii) we inadvertently conclude that relevant permissions or approvals were not required or (iii) we did not receive or maintain relevant permissions or approvals required, any action taken by the PRC government could significantly limit or completely hinder our operations in Hong Kong and our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

 

You may incur additional costs and procedural obstacles in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in Hong Kong against us or our management named in the prospectus based on Hong Kong laws.

 

Currently, all of our operations are conducted outside the United States, and all of our assets are located outside the United States. All of our directors and officers are non-U.S. nationals or residents and a significant portion of their assets are located outside the United States. You may incur additional costs and procedural obstacles in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in Hong Kong against us or our management named in the prospectus, as judgments entered in the United States can be enforced in Hong Kong only at common law. If you want to enforce a judgment of the United States in Hong Kong, it must be a final judgment conclusive upon the merits of the claim, for a liquidated amount in a civil matter and not in respect of taxes, fines, penalties, or similar charges, the proceedings in which the judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice, and the enforcement of the judgment is not contrary to public policy of Hong Kong. Such a judgment must be for a fixed sum and must also come from a “competent” court as determined by the private international law rules applied by the Hong Kong courts. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and Hong Kong, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

 

The enactment of Law of the PRC on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “Hong Kong National Security Law”) could impact our Hong Kong holding subsidiary.

 

On June 30, 2020, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress adopted the Hong Kong National Security Law. This law defines the duties and government bodies of the Hong Kong National Security Law for safeguarding national security and four categories of offences — secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with a foreign country or external elements to endanger national security — and their corresponding penalties. On July 14, 2020, the former U.S. President Donald Trump signed the Hong Kong Autonomy Act (the “HKAA”), into law, authorizing the U.S. administration to impose blocking sanctions against individuals and entities who are determined to have materially contributed to the erosion of Hong Kong’s autonomy. On August 7, 2020 the U.S. government imposed HKAA-authorized sanctions on eleven individuals, including HKSAR chief executive Carrie Lam. On October 14, 2020, the U.S. State Department submitted to relevant committees of Congress the report required under HKAA, identifying persons materially contributing to “the failure of the Government of China to meet its obligations under the Joint Declaration or the Basic Law.” The HKAA further authorizes secondary sanctions, including the imposition of blocking sanctions, against foreign financial institutions that knowingly conduct a significant transaction with foreign persons sanctioned under this authority. The imposition of sanctions may directly affect the foreign financial institutions as well as any third parties or customers dealing with any foreign financial institution that is targeted. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the Hong Kong National Security Law and HKAA on Hong Kong and companies located in Hong Kong. If our Hong Kong subsidiary is determined to be in violation of the Hong Kong National Security Law or the HKAA by competent authorities, our business operations, financial position and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

The PRC government may intervene or influence our operations at any time or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers, which may result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our Ordinary Shares. Additionally, the governmental and regulatory interference could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

 

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There are political risks associated with conducting business in Hong Kong.

 

While we operate our business in Hong Kong and the South East Asian region, our operations are principally based in Hong Kong. Accordingly, our business operations and financial condition will be affected by the political and legal developments in Hong Kong. During the period covered by the financial information included in this prospectus, we derive substantially all of our revenue from operations in Hong Kong. Any adverse economic, social and/or political conditions, material social unrest, strike, riot, civil disturbance or disobedience, as well as significant natural disasters, may adversely affect our business operations. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the PRC and the basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong are reflected in the Basic Law, namely, Hong Kong’s constitutional document, which provides Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “one country, two systems”. However, there is no assurance that there will not be any changes in the economic, political and legal environment in Hong Kong in the future. Since a substantial part of our operations is based in Hong Kong, any change of such political arrangements may pose an immediate threat to the stability of the economy in Hong Kong, thereby directly and adversely affecting our results of operations and financial position.

 

If the PRC attempts to alter its agreement to allow Hong Kong to function autonomously, this could potentially impact Hong Kong’s common law legal system and may in turn bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights. This could, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business and operations. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the Hong Kong legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the pre-emption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our customers.

 

The Hong Kong protests that began in 2019 are ongoing protests in Hong Kong (the “Hong Kong Protests”) triggered by the introduction of the Fugitive Offenders amendment bill by the Hong Kong government. If enacted, the bill would have allowed the extradition of criminal fugitives who are wanted in territories with which Hong Kong does not currently have extradition agreements, including Mainland China. This led to concerns that the bill would subject Hong Kong residents and visitors to the jurisdiction and legal system of Mainland China, thereby undermining the region’s autonomy and people’s civil liberties. Various sectors of the Hong Kong economy have been adversely affected as the protests turned increasingly violent. Most notably, the airline, retail, and real estate sectors have seen their sales decline.

 

Under the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong is exclusively in charge of its internal affairs and external relations, while the government of the PRC is responsible for its foreign affairs and defense. As a separate customs territory, Hong Kong maintains and develops relations with foreign states and regions. Based on certain recent developments including the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region issued by the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress in June 2020, the U.S. State Department has indicated that the United States no longer considers Hong Kong to have significant autonomy from Mainland China and President Trump signed an executive order and the HKAA to remove Hong Kong’s preferential trade status and to authorize the U.S. administration to impose blocking sanctions against individuals and entities who are determined to have materially contributed to the erosion of Hong Kong’s autonomy. The United States may impose the same tariffs and other trade restrictions on exports from Hong Kong that it places on goods from Mainland China. These and other recent actions may represent an escalation in political and trade tensions involving the U.S, Mainland China and Hong Kong, which could potentially harm our business.

 

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Our revenue is susceptible to the ongoing incidents or factors which affect the stability of the social, economic and political conditions in Hong Kong. Any drastic events may adversely affect our business operations. Such adverse events may include changes in economic conditions and regulatory environment, social and/or political conditions, civil disturbance or disobedience, as well as significant natural disasters. Given the relatively small geographical size of Hong Kong, any of such incidents may have a widespread effect on our business operations, which could in turn adversely and materially affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. It is difficult to predict the full impact of the HKAA on Hong Kong and companies with operations in Hong Kong like us. Furthermore, legislative or administrative actions in respect of China-U.S. relations could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of our Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected.

 

Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and This Offering

 

There has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares prior to this offering, and if an active trading market does not develop you may not be able to resell our Ordinary Shares at or above the price you paid, or at all.

 

Prior to this public offering, there has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares. We expect to apply for our Ordinary Shares to be listed on NYSE American. There is no guarantee that our application will be approved by NYSE American. If an active trading market for our Ordinary Shares does not develop after this offering, the market price and liquidity of our Ordinary Shares will be materially adversely affected. You may not be able to sell any Ordinary Shares that you purchase in the offering at or above the public offering price. Accordingly, investors should be prepared to face a complete loss of their investment.

 

Although the audit report included in this prospectus is prepared by auditors who are subject to PCAOB inspections on a regular basis with the latest inspection in September 2024, there is no guarantee that future audit reports will be prepared by auditors inspected by the PCAOB and, as such, in the future investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection. Furthermore, trading in our securities may be prohibited under the HFCA Act and the AHFCAA if the SEC subsequently determines our audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and as a result, U.S. national securities exchanges, such as NYSE American, may determine to delist our securities.

 

As an auditor of companies that are registered with the SEC and publicly traded in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, our auditors, Assentsure PAC, is required under the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by the PCAOB to assess their compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Assentsure PAC is subject to PCAOB inspections on a regular basis with the latest inspection in September 2024, and we have no operations in Mainland China. However, if there is significant change to current political arrangements between Mainland China and Hong Kong, companies operated in Hong Kong like us may face similar regulatory risks as those operated in Mainland China and we cannot assure you that our current auditor’s work will continue to be able to be inspected by the PCAOB.

 

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As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular Mainland China’s, in June 2019, a bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced bills in both houses of the U.S. Congress which, if passed, would require the SEC to maintain a list of issuers for which PCAOB is not able to inspect or investigate the audit work performed by a foreign public accounting firm completely. The proposed Ensuring Quality Information and Transparency for Abroad-Based Listings on our Exchanges (“EQUITABLE”) Act prescribes increased disclosure requirements for these issuers and, beginning in 2025, the delisting from U.S. national securities exchanges such as NYSE American of issuers included on the SEC’s list for three consecutive years, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading. It is unclear if this proposed legislation will be enacted. Furthermore, there have been recent deliberations within the U.S. government regarding potentially limiting or restricting China-based companies from accessing U.S. capital markets. On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the HFCA Act, which includes requirements for the SEC to identify issuers whose audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a restriction imposed by a non-U.S. authority in the auditor’s local jurisdiction. The U.S. House of Representatives passed the HFCA Act on December 2, 2020, and the HFCA Act was signed into law on December 18, 2020. Additionally, in July 2020, the U.S. President’s Working Group on Financial Markets issued recommendations for actions that can be taken by the executive branch, the SEC, the PCAOB or other federal agencies and department with respect to Chinese companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges and their audit firms, in an effort to protect investors in the United States. In response, on November 23, 2020, the SEC issued guidance highlighting certain risks (and their implications to U.S. investors) associated with investments in China-based issuers and summarizing enhanced disclosures the SEC recommends China-based issuers make regarding such risks. On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. We will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies us as having a “non-inspection” year (as defined in the interim final rules) under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above. Under the HFCA Act, our securities may be prohibited from trading on NYSE American or other U.S. stock exchanges if our auditor is not inspected by the PCAOB for three consecutive years, and this ultimately could result in our Ordinary Shares being delisted. Furthermore, on June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the AHFCAA, which, if enacted, would amend the HFCA Act and require the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading. On September 22, 2021, the PCAOB adopted a final rule implementing the AHFCAA, which provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the AHFCAA, whether the Board is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On November 5, 2021, the SEC approved the PCAOB’s Rule 6100, Board Determinations Under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act. Rule 6100 provides a framework for the PCAOB to use when determining, as contemplated under the AHFCAA, whether it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in a foreign jurisdiction because of a position taken by one or more authorities in that jurisdiction. On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the AHFCAA. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions. On December 16, 2021, the SEC announced that the PCAOB designated Mainland China and Hong Kong as the jurisdictions where the PCAOB is not allowed to conduct full and complete audit inspections as mandated under the HFCA Act. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the CSRC and the PRC MOF in respect of cooperation on the oversight of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms based in Mainland China and Hong Kong. Pursuant to the Statement of Protocol, the PCAOB conducted inspections on select registered public accounting firms subject to the Determination Report in Hong Kong between September 2022 and November 2022. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB board announced that it has completed the inspections, determined that it had complete access to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in Mainland China and Hong Kong, and voted to vacate the Determination Report. As a result of the announcement, any companies audited by registered public accounting firms headquartered in Mainland China and Hong Kong would not face immediate threat of trading prohibitions at this time. However, if any regulatory change or step taken by PRC regulators in the future precludes the PCAOB from Accessing auditing papers of registered public accounting firms in Mainland China and Hong Kong, or the PCAOB re-evaluates its determination as a result of any obstruction with the implementation of the Statement of Protocol in the future, then the companies audited by those registered public accounting firms may be subject to a trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCA Act. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (the “CAA”) was signed into law by President Biden. The CAA contained, among other things, an identical provision to the AHFCAA, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two.

 

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Our auditor is based in Singapore, and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis with the latest inspection in September 2024. However, in the event it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our current auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction, then such lack of inspection could cause trading in our securities to be prohibited under the HFCA Act, and ultimately result in a determination by a securities exchange to delist our securities. Delisting of our Ordinary Shares would force holders of our Ordinary Shares to sell their Ordinary Shares. The market price of our Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected as a result of anticipated negative impacts of these executive or legislative actions upon, regardless of whether these executive or legislative actions are implemented and regardless of our actual operating performance.

 

The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the AHFCAA, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above. Future developments in respect of increasing U.S. regulatory access to audit information are uncertain, as the legislative developments are subject to the legislative process and the regulatory developments are subject to the rule-making process and other administrative procedures.

 

The recent joint statement by the SEC and an act passed by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies. These developments could add uncertainties to our offering, business operations, share price and reputation.

 

U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in China (including in Hong Kong) have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial reporting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud.

 

On December 7, 2018, the SEC and the PCAOB issued a joint statement highlighting continued challenges faced by the U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based or having substantial operations in emerging markets including China, reiterating past SEC and PCAOB statements on matters including the difficulty associated with inspecting accounting firms and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets and the difficulty of bringing and enforcing SEC, Department of Justice and other U.S. regulatory actions, including in instances of fraud, in emerging markets generally.

 

On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the HFCA Act requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s auditors for three consecutive years, the issuer’s securities are prohibited to trade on a national exchange. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the HFCA Act.

 

As a result of this scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed Chinese companies sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. Many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is not clear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity will have on us, our offering, business and our share price. If we become the subject of any unfavourable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend us. This situation will be costly and time consuming and distract our management from developing our growth. If such allegations are not proven to be groundless, we and our business operations will be severely affected and you could sustain a significant decline in the value of our shares.

 

Our Ordinary Shares may be thinly traded and you may be unable to sell at or near ask prices or at all if you need to sell your shares to raise money or otherwise desire to liquidate your shares.

 

When our Ordinary Shares are approved by NYSE American and begin trading on NYSE American, our Ordinary Shares may be “thinly-traded”, meaning that the number of persons interested in purchasing our Ordinary Shares at or near bid prices at any given time may be relatively small or non-existent. This situation may be attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they tend to be risk-averse and might be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned. As a consequence, there may be periods of several days or more when trading activity in our shares is minimal or non-existent, as compared to a seasoned issuer which has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price. A broad or active public trading market for our Ordinary Shares may not develop or be sustained.

 

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The initial public offering price for our Ordinary Shares may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market and such market prices may be volatile.

 

The initial public offering price for our Ordinary Shares may vary from the market price of our Ordinary Shares following our initial public offering. The financial markets in the United States and other countries have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations in the last few years. If you purchase our Ordinary Shares in our initial public offering, you may not be able to resell those shares at or above the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that the initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares, or the market price following our initial public offering, will equal or exceed prices in privately negotiated transactions of our shares that have occurred from time to time prior to our initial public offering. The market price for our Ordinary Shares may be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations due to factors such as:

 

the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections;

 

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results;

 

changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;

 

negative publicity, studies or reports;

 

our capability to catch up with the technology innovations in the industry;

 

announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, strategic business relationships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

 

addition or departure of key personnel;

 

fluctuations of exchange rates between the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar; and

 

general economic or political conditions in Hong Kong, the PRC and greater Asia region.

 

In addition, the securities market has from time-to-time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of Ordinary Shares purchased.

 

The initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares is substantially higher than the (pro forma) net tangible book value per share of our Ordinary Shares. Consequently, when you purchase our Ordinary Shares in the offering and upon completion of the offering, you will incur immediate dilution of US$4.0026 per share, assuming an initial public offering price of US$4.25, which is the midpoint of the price range as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. See “Dilution.”

 

Substantial future sales of our Ordinary Shares or the anticipation of future sales of our Ordinary Shares in the public market could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to decline.

 

Sales of substantial amounts of our Ordinary Shares in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to decline. An aggregate of 32,500,000 Ordinary Shares are outstanding before the consummation of this offering and 35,100,000 Ordinary Shares will be outstanding immediately after the consummation of this offering assuming that the underwriters do not exercise its over-allotment option. Sales of these shares into the market could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to decline.

 

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We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

 

On December 31, 2023, SCS declared a dividend of HKD17.5 million (US$2.2 million) to its individual shareholders before the reorganization, of which HKD8.5 million (US$1.1 million) and HKD16.8 million (US$2.2 million) were paid as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024, respectively. However, SCS has not declared any dividend to CCCI through Vigorous Elite, and CCCI has not declared any dividend to its shareholders, after the reorganization and up to the date of this prospectus.

 

We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual requirements, business prospects and other factors the board of directors deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in any future financing instruments.

 

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they publish a negative report regarding our Ordinary Shares, the price of our Ordinary Shares and trading volume could decline.

 

The trading market for our Ordinary Shares may depend in part on the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade us, the price of our Ordinary Shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the price of our Ordinary Shares and the trading volume to decline.

 

Volatility in the price of our Ordinary Shares may subject us to securities litigation.

 

The market for our Ordinary Shares may have, when compared to seasoned issuers, significant price volatility and we expect that our share price may continue to be more volatile than that of a seasoned issuer for the indefinite future. In the past, plaintiffs have often initiated securities class action litigation against a company following periods of volatility in the market price of its securities. We may, in the future, be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and liabilities and could divert management’s attention and resources.

 

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You may face difficulties in protecting your interests as a shareholder, as Cayman Islands law provides substantially less protection when compared to the laws of the U.S. and it may be difficult for a shareholder of ours to effect service of process or to enforce judgements obtained in the U.S. courts.

 

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended and by the Companies Act (As Revised) and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, officers and us, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law. Decisions of the English courts are generally of persuasive authority but are not binding on the courts of the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have stood to initiate a shareholder derivative action before the U.S. federal courts. There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will generally recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.

 

The courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state securities laws; and (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, to impose liabilities predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state securities laws, so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

 

Currently, all of our operations are conducted outside the United States, and substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. All of our directors and officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and all or a significant portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for a shareholder to bring an action against us or against these individuals outside of the United States, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in U.S. courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

 

Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association, a list of the current directors of the company, the register of mortgages and charges and any special resolutions passed by our shareholders) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors are not required under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to make our corporate records available for inspection by our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder resolution or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

 

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Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice with respect to corporate governance matters, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

 

As a result of all of the above, our shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against us or our officers, directors or major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in a U.S. state and their shareholders, see “Description of Share Capital — Differences in Corporate Law.”

 

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to, and we will, rely on exemptions from certain NYSE American corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our shares.

 

We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of NYSE American listing rules by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. We are required to provide a brief description of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and the corporate governance practices required to be followed by domestic U.S. companies listed on NYSE American. The standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not required to:

 

have a majority of the board be independent (although all of the members of the audit committee must be independent under the Exchange Act);

 

have a compensation committee or a nominating or corporate governance committee consisting entirely of independent directors;

 

have regularly scheduled executive sessions with only independent directors; or

 

have executive sessions of solely independent directors each year.

 

We have relied on and intend to continue to rely on some of these exemptions. As a result, you may not be provided with the benefits of certain corporate governance requirements of NYSE American.

 

If we cannot satisfy, or continue to satisfy, the initial listing requirements and other rules of NYSE American, although we are exempt from certain corporate governance standards applicable to US issuers as a Foreign Private Issuer, our securities may not be listed or may be delisted, which could negatively impact the price of our securities and your ability to sell them.

 

We will seek to have our securities approved for listing on NYSE American upon consummation of this offering. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet those initial listing requirements at that time. Even if our securities are listed on NYSE American, we cannot assure you that our securities will continue to be listed on NYSE American.

 

In addition, following this offering, in order to maintain our listing on NYSE American, we will be required to comply with certain rules of NYSE American, including those regarding minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum share price and certain corporate governance requirements. Even if we initially meet the listing requirements and other applicable rules of NYSE American, we may not be able to continue to satisfy these requirements and applicable rules. If we are unable to satisfy NYSE American criteria for maintaining our listing, our securities could be subject to delisting.

 

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If NYSE American does not list our securities, or subsequently delists our securities from trading, we could face significant consequences, including:

 

a limited availability for market quotations for our securities;

 

reduced liquidity with respect to our securities;

 

a determination that our Ordinary Shares are a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our Ordinary Share to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our Ordinary Shares;

 

limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

 

a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

 

Because our business is conducted in Hong Kong dollars and the price of our Ordinary Shares is quoted in United States dollars, changes in currency conversion rates may affect the value of your investments.

 

Our business is conducted in Hong Kong, our books and records are maintained in Hong Kong dollars, which is the currency of Hong Kong, and the financial statements that we file with the SEC and provide to our shareholders are presented in United States dollars. Changes in the exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar and U.S. dollar affect the value of our assets and the results of our operations in United States dollars.

 

Since 1983, Hong Kong dollars have been pegged to the U.S. dollars at the rate of approximately HK$7.80 to US$1.00. We cannot assure you that this policy will not be changed in the future. If the pegging system collapses., the value of the Hong Kong dollar against the United States dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in Hong Kong’s political and economic conditions and perceived changes in the economy of Hong Kong and the United States. Any significant revaluation of the Hong Kong dollar may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenue and financial condition. Further, although our Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus are denominated in United States dollars, we will need to convert the net proceeds we receive into Hong Kong dollars in order to use the funds for our business. Changes in the conversion rate between the United States dollar and the Hong Kong dollar will affect that amount of proceeds we will have available for our business.

 

We may experience extreme stock price volatility unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Ordinary Shares.

 

Recently, there have been instances of extreme stock price run-ups followed by rapid price declines and strong stock price volatility with a number of recent initial public offerings, especially among companies with relatively smaller public floats. As a relatively small-capitalization company with relatively small public float, we may experience greater stock price volatility, extreme price run-ups, lower trading volume and less liquidity than large-capitalization companies. In particular, our Ordinary Shares may be subject to rapid and substantial price volatility, low volumes of trades and large spreads in bid and ask prices. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Ordinary Shares.

 

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In addition, if the trading volumes of our Ordinary Shares are low, persons buying or selling in relatively small quantities may easily influence prices of our Ordinary Shares. This low volume of trades could also cause the price of our Ordinary Shares to fluctuate greatly, with large percentage changes in price occurring in any trading day session. Holders of our Ordinary Shares may also not be able to readily liquidate their investment or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. Broad market fluctuations and general economic and political conditions may also adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our Ordinary Shares. A decline in the market price of our Ordinary Shares also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional Ordinary Shares or other securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. No assurance can be given that an active market in our Ordinary Shares will develop or be sustained. If an active market does not develop, holders of our Ordinary Shares may be unable to readily sell the Ordinary Shares they hold or may not be able to sell their Ordinary Shares at all.

 

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.

 

Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds, including for any of the purposes described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds,” and you will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision to assess whether the net proceeds are being used appropriately. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of the net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business.

 

Our pre-IPO shareholders will be able to sell their shares after completion of this offering subject to restrictions under Rule 144.

 

Our pre-IPO shareholders may be able to sell their Ordinary Shares under Rule 144 after completion of this offering. Because these shareholders have paid a lower price per Ordinary Share than participants in this offering, when they are able to sell their pre-IPO shares under Rule 144, they may be more willing to accept a lower sales price than the IPO price. This fact could impact the trading price of the stock following completion of the offering, to the detriment of participants in this offering. Under Rule 144, before our pre-IPO shareholders can sell their shares, in addition to meeting other requirements, they must meet the required holding period. We do not expect any of the Ordinary Shares to be sold pursuant to Rule 144 during the pendency of this offering.

 

There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders of our Ordinary Shares.

 

A non-U.S. corporation will be a PFIC for any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income; or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income, or the asset test. Based on our current and expected income and assets (taking into account the expected cash proceeds and our anticipated market capitalization following this offering), we do not presently expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future. However, no assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC is a fact-intensive inquiry made on an annual basis that depends, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, will agree with our conclusion or that the IRS would not successfully challenge our position. Fluctuations in the market price of our Ordinary Shares may cause us to become a PFIC for the current or subsequent taxable years because the value of our assets for the purpose of the asset test may be determined by reference to the market price of our Ordinary Shares. The composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in this offering. If we were to be or become a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our Ordinary Shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. Holder and such U.S. Holder may be subject to additional reporting requirements. For a more detailed discussion of the application of the PFIC rules to us and the consequences to U.S. taxpayers if we were or are determined to be a PFIC, see “Taxation— Passive Foreign Investment Company”.

 

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Special Note regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Industry Data

 

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

 

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue” “estimate,” “expect,” “hope,” “intend,” “is/are likely to,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “target,” “will,” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

 

  our ability to execute our strategies, manage growth and maintain our corporate culture;
     
  our future business development, financial conditions and results of operations;
     
  our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our solutions and services;
     
  our ability to successfully compete in the highly competitive markets;
     
  our expectations regarding our relationships with service partners;
     
  the safety, affordability, and convenience of our platforms and our offerings;
     
  our anticipated investments in new solutions and offerings, and the effect of these investments on our results of operations;
     
  our ability to successfully enter into new geographies, expand our presence in countries in which we are limited by regulatory restrictions, and manage our international expansion;
     
  our expected growth in the number of service partners, and our ability to promote our brand and attract and retain platform users;
     
  anticipated technology trends and developments and our ability to address those trends and developments with our solutions and offerings;
     
  our ability to identify, recruit, and retain skilled personnel, including key members of senior management;
     
  our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property rights;
     
  our ability to successfully acquire and integrate companies and assets;
     
  changes in the need for capital and the availability of financing and capital to fund these needs;
     
  our ability to prevent disturbance to our information technology systems;
     
  our ability to successfully defend litigation brought against us;
     
  relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry;

 

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  man-made or natural disasters, including war, acts of international or domestic terrorism, civil disturbances, occurrences of catastrophic events and acts of God such as floods, earthquakes, wildfires, typhoons and other adverse weather and natural conditions that affect our business or assets;
     
  our ability to implement, maintain, and improve effective internal controls; and
     
  our anticipated uses of net proceeds from this offering.

 

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” “Regulation” and other sections in this prospectus. You should read thoroughly this prospectus and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

 

This prospectus contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. The industries in which we operate may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of those industries to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and the market price of the Ordinary Shares. In addition, the rapidly evolving nature of this industry results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

 

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we refer to in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

 

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Use of Proceeds

 

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately US$8.4 million, or approximately US$10.0 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares in full, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. These estimates are based upon an assumed initial offering price of US$4.25 per Ordinary Share, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the front cover page of this prospectus. Each US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of US$4.25 per Ordinary Share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds of this offering by US$2.41 million, or approximately US$2.77 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional Ordinary Shares in full.

 

The primary purposes of this offering are to create a public market for our shares for the benefit of all shareholders, retain talented employees by providing them with equity incentives and obtain additional capital. We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows:

 

  10% of the net proceeds for expanding service capabilities and R&D;
     
  10% of the net proceeds for marketing and branding;
     
  50% of the net proceeds for potential mergers and acquisitions although we have no commitments with respect to any such acquisitions at this time; and
     
  the remainder for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

  

The foregoing represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Ordinary Shares and This Offering — We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from this offering and may not use them effectively.”

 

Pending any use described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing, debt instruments or demand deposits.

 

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Dividend Policy

 

Our board of directors (“Board”) has discretion on whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by the Board. In either case, all dividends are subject to certain restrictions under Cayman Islands law, namely that our company may only pay dividends out of profits or share premium, and provided always that, in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if we decide to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that the Board may deem relevant.

 

On December 31, 2023, SCS declared a dividend of HKD17.5 million (US$2.2 million) to its individual shareholders before the reorganization, of which HKD8.5 million (US$1.1 million) and HKD16.8 million (US$2.2 million) were paid as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. However, SCS has not declared any dividend to CCCI through Vigorous Elite, and CCCI has not declared any dividend to its shareholders, after the reorganization and up to the date of this prospectus. We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our Ordinary Shares in the foreseeable future after this offering. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.

 

If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our Hong Kong subsidiary SCS.

 

Cash dividends, if any, on our Ordinary Shares will be paid in U.S. dollars.

 

Under the current practice of the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us. See “Taxation - Hong Kong Profits Taxation.”

 

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Capitalization

 

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 2024:

 

on an actual basis;
   
on a pro forma basis to give effect to the issuance and sale of Ordinary Shares by us in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of US$4.25 per Ordinary Share, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the front cover of this prospectus, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

    As of December 31, 2024  
    Actual    Pro Forma 
         (unaudited) 
    (US$ thousands, except for share and per share data) 
Cash    1,349      9,776  
Shareholders’ equity:          
Ordinary shares (US$0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized, 32,500,000 shares issued and outstanding on an actual basis and 35,100,000 shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma basis)    3     4 
Additional paid-in capital(1)   -    8,423 
Capital reserve   410    410 
Merger reserve    (339 )    (339 )
Retained earnings    1,714      1,714  
Total capitalization(1)    1,788      10,212  

 

 

(1) Each US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of US$4.25 per Ordinary Share, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the front cover of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) each of additional paid-in capital, total shareholders’ equity and total capitalization by US$2.41 million, assuming the number of Ordinary Shares offered by us, as set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

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Dilution

 

If you invest in our Ordinary Shares, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per Ordinary Share and our net tangible book value per Ordinary Share after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the initial public offering price per Ordinary Share is substantially in excess of the book value per Ordinary Share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding Ordinary Share.

 

Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2024 was US$1,788,349, or US$0.0550 per Ordinary Share as of that date. Net tangible book value represents the amount of our total consolidated tangible assets, less the amount of our total consolidated liabilities. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per Ordinary Share, after giving effect to the additional proceeds we will receive from this offering, from the assumed initial public offering price of US$4.25 per Ordinary Share, which is the mid-point of the estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

Without taking into account any other changes in net tangible book value after December 31, 2024, other than to give effect to our sale of the Ordinary Shares offered in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price of US$4.25 per Ordinary Share, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, after deduction of the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2024 would have been US$10,215,476 or US$0.2910 per Ordinary Share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of US$0.2360 per Ordinary Share to the existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of US$3.9590 per Ordinary Share to investors purchasing Ordinary Shares in this offering. The following table illustrates such dilution:

 

   Per Ordinary Share 
Assumed initial public offering price  US$4.25 

Net tangible book value as of December 31, 2024

 

US$

0.0550  
Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering  US$ 0.2910  
Amount of dilution in net tangible book value to new investors in this offering  US$ 3.9590  

 

Each US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of US$4.25 per Ordinary Share would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering by US$2.41 million, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per Ordinary Share after giving effect to this offering by US$0.0685 per Ordinary Share and the dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per Ordinary Share to new investors in this offering by US$0.9315 per Ordinary Share, assuming no change to the number of Ordinary Shares offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses.

 

The following table summarizes, on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of December 31, 2024, the differences between existing shareholders and the new investors with respect to the number of Ordinary Shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the average price per Ordinary Share paid before deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. The total number of Ordinary Shares does not include Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters.

 

    Ordinary Shares Purchased     Total Consideration     Average Price Per  
    Number     Percent     Amount     Percent     Ordinary Share  
Existing shareholders     32,500,000       92.59 %   US$ -       -       -  
New investors     2,600,000       7.41 %   US$ 11,050,000       100 %   US$ 4.25  
Total     35,100,000       100 %   US$ 11,050,000       100 %   US$ 0.315  

 

The pro forma as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only. Our net tangible book value following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

 

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Enforceability of Civil Liabilities

 

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands to take advantage of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands exempted company, such as:

 

political and economic stability;

 

an effective judicial system;

 

a favorable tax system;

 

the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and

 

the availability of professional and support services.

 

However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include, but are not limited to:

 

the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors as compared to the United States; and

 

Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

 

Our constituent documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.

 

Substantially all of our operations are conducted in Hong Kong, and substantially all of our assets are located in Hong Kong. All of our directors and officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and most of their assets are located outside the United States. See “Management Directors and Executive Officers.” As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals, or to bring an action against us or these individuals in the United States, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares and This Offering – You may face difficulties in protecting your interests as a shareholder, as Cayman Islands law provides substantially less protection when compared to the laws of the U.S. and it may be difficult for a shareholder of ours to effect service of process or to enforce judgements obtained in the U.S. courts.”

 

We have appointed Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168, as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.

 

Our counsel as to Cayman Islands law Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP and our counsel as to Hong Kong law have advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or Hong Kong will (i) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States or (ii) allow shareholders of our company to originate actions in the Cayman Islands or Hong Kong based upon securities laws of the United States.

 

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In addition, there is uncertainty regarding Cayman Islands law related to whether a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws will be determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands as penal or punitive in nature. If such a determination is made, the courts of the Cayman Islands will not recognize or enforce the judgment against a Cayman Islands company, such as our company. As the courts of the Cayman Islands have yet to rule on making such a determination in relation to judgments obtained from U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws, it is uncertain whether such judgments would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands. We have been further advised that although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, a final and conclusive monetary judgment for a definite sum obtained in such jurisdiction will be recognized and enforced in the courts of the Cayman Islands at common law, without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, provided that:

 

(a) the foreign court had jurisdiction in the matter and the Company either submitted to such jurisdiction or was resident or carrying on business within such jurisdiction and was duly served with process;

 

(b) the judgment given by the foreign court was not in respect of penalties, fines, taxes or similar fiscal or revenue obligations;

 

(c) in obtaining judgment there was no fraud on the part of the person in whose favor judgment was given or on the part of the foreign court;

 

(d) recognition or enforcement in the Cayman Islands would not be contrary to public policy; and

 

(e) the proceedings pursuant to which judgment was obtained were not contrary to the principles of natural justice.

 

Our counsel as to Hong Kong law has advised us that foreign judgments of United States courts will not be directly enforced in Hong Kong as there are currently no treaties or other arrangements providing for reciprocal enforcement of foreign judgments between Hong Kong and the United States. However, the common law permits an action to be brought upon a foreign judgment. That is to say, a foreign judgment itself may form the basis of a cause of action since the judgment may be regarded as creating a debt between the parties to it. In a common law action for enforcement of a foreign judgment in Hong Kong, the enforcement is subject to various conditions, including but not limited to, that the foreign court must have jurisdiction to give the judgment or the defendant has submitted to the jurisdiction, the foreign judgment is a final judgment conclusive upon the merits of the claim, the judgment is for a liquidated amount in civil matter and not in respect of taxes, fines, penalties, or similar charges, the proceedings in which the judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice, and the enforcement of the judgment is not contrary to public policy of Hong Kong. Such a judgment must be for a specific sum of money and must also come from a “competent” court as determined by the private international law rules applied by the Hong Kong courts. The defenses that are available to a defendant in a common law action brought on the basis of a foreign judgment include lack of jurisdiction, breach of natural justice, fraud, and contrary to public policy. In order to enforce a foreign judgment at common law, a separate legal action for debt must be commenced in Hong Kong in order to recover such debt from the judgment debtor.

 

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Corporate History and Structure

 

Corporate History

 

SCS is an operating company incorporated in Hong Kong on December 3, 2014, and Yee Kar Wing and Hui Wai Ming were its shareholders until September 26, 2023. As part of a restructuring exercise, Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited became the sole shareholder of SCS on September 26, 2023, and ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited was incorporated on October 8, 2024. Subsequently, on October 24, 2024, the shareholders of Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited transferred all their shareholdings in Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited to ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited in consideration for shares in ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited resulting in ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited becoming the sole shareholder of Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited, and the ultimate holding company of SCS.

 

Corporate Structure

 

Our company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on October 8, 2024 under the Companies Act (As Revised) as an exempted company with limited liability. Our authorized share capital is US$50,000 divided into 500,000,000 Ordinary Shares of nominal or par value of US$0.0001 each.

 

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our principal subsidiaries, as of the date of this prospectus:

 

 

Key Milestones

 

Year Milestone
   
2014 We commenced Business on 3 December 2014.
   
2019 We were awarded the HPE Performing OEM Partner and RockStart Partner.
   
2020 We were awarded the HPE Top Performing OEM Partner.
   
2021 We were awarded the Micro Focus Top Strategy Breakthrough.
   
2023 We joined the member of ESG Consortium.

 

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Selected Consolidated Financial Data

 

The following consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income data for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, and consolidated statements of cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. You should read this Selected Consolidated Financial Data section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   For the Years Ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    2024  
   HK$   HK$   US$ 
Revenues    141,372,358      181,830,126      23,311,554  
Cost of revenues    (121,462,858 )    (156,575,791 )    (20,073,819 )
Gross profit    19,909,500      25,254,335      3,237,735  
                
Operating expenses:               
Selling and marketing expenses    (1,024,598 )    (2,776,713 )    (355,988 )
General and administrative expenses    (4,989,693 )    (8,527,081 )    (1,093,215 )
Total operating expenses    (6,014,291 )    (11,303,794 )    (1,449,203 )
                
Operating income    13,895,209      13,950,541      1,788,532  
                
Interest income, net    13,838      47,591      6,101  
Interest expense, net     -      (100,939 )     (12,941 )
Other income, net    358,441      173,715      22,271  
Income before taxes    14,267,488      14,070,908      1,803,963  
Income tax expenses    (2,161,815 )    (2,200,654 )    (282,135 )
Net income    12,105,673      11,870,254      1,521,828  
                
Earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company’s shareholders               
Basic and diluted    0.37      0.37      0.05  
                
Weighted average shares used in calculating basic and diluted net income per share:    32,500,000      32,500,000      32,500,000  

 

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

The following table presents our consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31, 
   2023    2024    2024  
   HK$   HK$   US$ 
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:               
Cash and cash equivalents    9,873,451      10,522,032      1,348,978  
Accounts receivable, net    15,685,215      17,666,579      2,264,946  
Unbilled receivables (Contract assets)    1,964,662      2,609,173      334,509  
Prepayment and other current assets, net    11,597,170      11,308,236      1,449,774  
Deferred offering costs     -      2,820,149      361,558  
Amount due from related parties - trade     78,040      28,575      3,663  
Total current assets    39,198,538      44,954,744      5,763,428  
Total assets    41,644,914      47,682,310      6,113,115  
Total current liabilities    39,188,664      28,790,057      3,691,032  
Total liabilities    39,643,261      33,733,183      4,324,766  
Total shareholders’ equity    2,001,653      13,949,127      1,788,349  
Total liabilities and equity    41,644,914      47,682,310      6,113,115  

 

SUMMARY OF OUR CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS

 

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   For the Year Ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    2024  
   HK$   HK$   US$ 
Net cash provided by operating activities    8,249,163      7,934,436      1,017,235  
Net cash used in investing activities    (980,807 )    (1,213,177 )    (155,536 )
Net cash used in financing activities    (6,406,852 )    (6,072,678 )    (778,548 )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents    861,504      648,581      83,151  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year    9,011,947      9,873,451      1,265,827  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year    9,873,451      10,522,032      1,348,978  

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the section headed “Summary Financial and Operating Data” and our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Overview

 

We are a pioneer in providing one-stop cloud solutions that support companies across the IT industry value chain throughout their entire cloud transformation journey from consulting, deployment and migration to cloud environment building and management. We were founded in December 2014 by a group of passionate and experienced professionals, who envisioned the potential of cloud technology to transform the way businesses of various sizes operate. Recognizing the growing need for digitization and the benefits that cloud technology could bring to businesses, our founders set out to create a company that would bridge the gap between cloud services providers and companies who seek to move to the cloud.

 

Our business primarily comprises (i) digital transformation consulting services consisting primarily of cloud suitability assessment, real-time resource management and strategic planning and advisory, (ii) professional IT services comprising a wide range of capabilities designed to facilitate seamless cloud integration and digital transformation, (iii) AI-powered proactive cloud managed services covering all aspects of day-to-day cloud maintenance and support, and (iv) IT infrastructure solutions covering on-premise private cloud setups and public cloud integrations, leveraging (including) our Sereno Cloud App360 AI and Data Science Platform (the “AI & Data Science Platform”).

 

We have experienced a substantial growth in financial performance recently. Our revenue increased by 28.6% from HK$141.4 million in 2023 to HK$181.8 million (US$23.3 million) in 2024.

 

Key Factors that Affect Results of Operations

 

We believe the key factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations include the following:

 

  We may fail to innovate or create new solutions which align with changing market and customer demand.
     
  Our business may face risks of clients’ default on payment.
     
  We may not manage our growth effectively, and our profitability may suffer.
     
  Our reputation and brand recognition is crucial to our business. Any harm to our reputation or failure to enhance our brand
     
  Recognition may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
     
  Increases in labor costs in Hong Kong may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

The above does not list all the material risk factors that may affect our financial condition and results of operations. The above-mentioned risks and others are discussed in more detail in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

 

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the fiscal years. Significant accounting estimates reflected in our consolidated financial statements mainly include the incremental borrowing rate used in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, allowance for the expected credit losses, the useful lives of property and equipment, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets and the estimated performance obligations completion progress towards certain services revenue. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Any future changes to these estimates and assumptions could cause a material change to our amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Our revenues are primarily generated from (i) sale of hardware products, (ii) sale of software and IT application products, (iii) maintenance and support services, (iv) IT professional services and (v) contracts with multiple promises.

 

We account for our revenue under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We recognize our revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps:

 

  (a) Identification of the contract(s) with the customer;
     
  (b) Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
     
  (c) Determination of the transaction price, including any variable consideration;
     
  (d) Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract based on their relative standalone selling prices; and
     
  (e) Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

 

Sale of Hardware Products

 

We recognize revenue from the sale of hardware products at the point in time when control of the hardware is transferred to the customer. This typically occurs upon delivery and acceptance of the hardware, when the customer gains the ability to use and benefit from the hardware.

 

Sale of Software and IT Application Products

 

We recognize revenue from the sale of software and IT application products, which may include packaged software, customized setup implementation, or integrated hardware and software platforms, at the point in time when control of the software is transferred to the customer.

 

The software or IT application license constitutes a “right to use” intellectual property (IP), as defined in ASC 606-10-55-54, because it provides the customer with control over the software from the point of delivery or activation.

 

A right-to-use license grants the customer a license to the software as it exists at the time the license is granted, with no significant ongoing updates or support that would make it a “right to access” license.

 

As such, revenue for the license is recognized at a point in time when control is transferred, typically upon delivery or activation of the software, in accordance with ASC 606.

 

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Maintenance and Support Services

 

Maintenance and support services related to software products typically consist of unspecified future updates and upgrades, as well as technical support provided over a period of one to 12 months. These services represent stand-alone performance obligations, and we recognize revenue rateably over the service period. Revenue for maintenance and support is deferred and recognized over time as we satisfy our obligation to provide updates and technical support.

 

IT Professional Services

 

IT professional services related to IT system setup, development, customization or integration services. These services represent stand-alone performance obligations, and revenue is recognized upon the completion of the services, when the customer gains the ability to use the system and benefit from the services provided by us.

 

Revenue from IT professional services is recognized at a point in time upon the completion of services. This determination is based on the following considerations under ASC 606-10-25-27:

 

  (i) Simultaneous Receipt and Consumption: The customer does not simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the IT professional services as they are performed. The services are delivered as a complete solution, and the customer derives value only upon full completion.
     
  (ii) Creation or Enhancement of Customer-Controlled Asset: The services provided do not create or enhance an asset that the customer controls as the services are performed. The customer does not gain control until the services are completed.
     
  (iii)

No Alternative Use and Enforceable Right to Payment: While the deliverables are tailored to customer-specific requirements, they do not meet the “no alternative use” criterion because, in practice, the Company can reconfigure partially completed deliverables for other projects, albeit with additional effort.

 

More importantly, the Company does not have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Engagement letters typically permit termination at any time without penalty, and payment terms do not obligate the customer to pay for partially completed work.

 

Accordingly, control is transferred to the customer at a point in time, and revenue is recognized at that time.

 

Contracts with Multiple Promises

 

The Company frequently enters into contracts with customers that contain multiple promises, including hardware, software, IT application licenses, and IT professional services. To determine whether these promises are distinct within the context of the contract, the Company applies the guidance in ASC 606-10-25-19 through 25-22, which requires an assessment of whether:

 

1.The customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or with other readily available resources; and
2.The promise to transfer the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

 

A promised good or service is not distinct if it is highly interdependent and interrelated with other promises, meaning its function is significantly affected by the other promises in the contract. BC32 of ASC 606 states:

 

“An entity should assess whether two or more promises in a contract are so highly interrelated and interdependent that they cannot be separated.”

 

Additionally, BC33(a) and (b) explain that if an entity provides a significant service of integrating multiple items into a combined output, those items are not distinct, as they serve as inputs to a unified deliverable rather than separate obligations.

 

Based on this guidance, the Company has determined that IT professional services are not distinct from hardware, software, or IT application licenses in certain contracts because they are necessary inputs to delivering a fully integrated IT solution rather than stand-alone deliverables.

 

Contract Scenarios and Distinctness Evaluation

 

(i) Sale of Hardware Products with IT Professional Services (e.g., Setup, Development, Customization, or Integration Services)

 

Nature of Promises & Intended Benefit to the Customer

 

In contracts where the Company sells hardware products, the hardware provides computing capability to the customer. However, the hardware alone does not deliver its full intended benefit without installation, configuration, and integration services. IT professional services ensure that the hardware is properly installed, tested, and integrated within the customer’s existing IT infrastructure, making it functional.

 

Assessment of Interdependency and Significant Effect on Utility

 

The Company has determined that hardware and IT professional services are not separately identifiable because:

 

The hardware requires IT services to be installed and configured before it can be used.
The IT professional services significantly modify and enhance the hardware, making them highly interdependent.
Per BC33(a), IT professional services are an input to a combined output, rather than a separate deliverable.

 

Why IT Professional Services Are an Input to the Combined Output

 

The Company considered the following factors in concluding that IT professional services are an input to a combined output:

 

Level of Integration: IT professional services ensure that the hardware is installed and operational within the customer’s environment.
Modification & Customization: The services configure the hardware to align with the customer’s operational needs.
Customer Dependency: The customer does not receive a functional hardware system without the accompanying installation and integration services.

 

Revenue Recognition Conclusion

 

Since the hardware and IT professional services are highly interdependent and form a single performance obligation, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the fully integrated system is transferred to the customer, typically upon completion of hardware installation and customer acceptance.

 

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(ii) Sale of Software and IT Application Products with IT Professional Services (e.g., Setup, Development, Customization, or Integration Services)

 

Nature of Promises & Intended Benefit to the Customer

 

In contracts where the Company provides software, the software delivers core processing and operational capabilities to the customer. However, in many cases, the software requires customization, configuration, and integration to be compatible with the customer’s existing IT environment. IT professional services ensure that the software is properly deployed, customized, and integrated to meet the customer’s specific business processes.

 

Assessment of Interdependency and Significant Effect on Utility

 

The Company has determined that software and IT professional services are not separately identifiable because:

 

The software, on its own, may not provide full functionality without customization and integration.
IT professional services significantly modify the software, ensuring it is operational in the customer’s IT ecosystem.
Per BC33(b), IT professional services create a combined deliverable, rather than separate outputs.

 

Why IT Professional Services Are an Input to the Combined Output

 

The Company considered the following factors in determining that IT professional services are an input to a combined output:

 

Level of Integration: IT professional services ensure that the software is fully functional within the customer’s system.
Modification & Customization: IT professional services tailor the software to meet customer-specific requirements.
Customer Dependency: The customer cannot deploy or use the software effectively without IT professional services ensuring proper implementation.

 

Revenue Recognition Conclusion

 

Since the software and IT professional services are highly interdependent and form a single performance obligation, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the fully customized and integrated software solution is delivered and accepted by the customer.

 

(iii) Sale of Hardware, Software, and IT Application Products with IT Professional Services

 

Nature of Promises & Intended Benefit to the Customer

 

In contracts where the Company provides a combination of hardware, software, and IT professional services, each element works together to create a fully integrated IT system. The customer expects a turnkey solution, rather than individual components that must be assembled separately.

 

Assessment of Interdependency and Significant Effect on Utility

 

The Company has determined that none of the promises are distinct from each other, as they are highly interdependent and interrelated because:

 

Hardware requires software to operate, and software requires IT services for customization and integration.
IT professional services configure and connect the hardware and software to function as a unified system.
Per BC32, the contract’s objective is to deliver an integrated IT system, rather than discrete components.

 

Why IT Professional Services Are an Input to the Combined Output

 

The Company considered the following factors in concluding that IT professional services are an input to a combined output:

 

Level of Integration: IT professional services configure both hardware and software to function as a single IT system.
Modification & Customization: IT professional services modify the components to meet customer-specific requirements.
Customer Dependency: The customer does not receive a functional IT system unless all components are integrated.

 

Revenue Recognition Conclusion

 

Since the hardware, software, and IT professional services are highly interdependent and form a single performance obligation, revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the fully integrated IT system is transferred to the customer upon completion and acceptance.

 

(iv) Sale of Software and IT Application Products with Maintenance and Support Services

 

Nature of Promises & Intended Benefit to the Customer

 

In certain contracts, the Company sells software and IT application licenses that grant customers the right to use proprietary software. These software products and licenses provide immediate functionality and enable the customer to operate the software in their IT environment.

 

Additionally, these contracts may include maintenance and support (M&S) services, which typically consist of:

 

Technical support to assist the customer with troubleshooting and operational issues.
Unspecified software updates and patches to enhance security, performance, or compatibility with evolving IT environments.
Access to periodic feature upgrades, if applicable.

 

The primary intended benefit to the customer is the use of the software license. The maintenance and support services supplement the software usage by ensuring that it continues to operate effectively but do not modify or enhance the software’s core functionality at the time of transfer.

 

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Assessment of Interdependency and Significant Effect on Utility

 

To determine whether the software license and M&S services are distinct within the context of the contract, the Company evaluates whether:

 

The customer can benefit from the software license independently – The software license, upon delivery or activation, provides immediate utility and enables the customer to conduct business operations without requiring immediate maintenance or support intervention.
The M&S services does not significantly affect the customer’s ability to benefit from the software license – The maintenance and support services do not alter the fundamental usability of the software, as the customer can continue to use the software with or without receiving M&S services.
The software license and M&S services are not highly interdependent – While M&S ensures the software remains functional over time, it does not significantly integrate with or modify the software itself. The software retains its core functionality independently, making M&S a separately identifiable promise rather than an input to a combined output.

 

Based on these factors, the Company concludes that the software license and M&S services are distinct performance obligations because they do not significantly affect each other’s standalone utility. This assessment aligns with ASC 606-10-25-21 and BC32, which emphasize that promises should be considered distinct if they do not integrate, modify, or significantly impact each other’s functionality.

 

However, the Company assessed that the M&S services are immaterial to the total transaction price and do not significantly impact the timing or amount of revenue recognized. In these cases, the software license and M&S services are treated as a single performance obligation, consistent with ASC 606 guidance on immaterial performance obligations.

 

Why Maintenance & Support Services Are Not an Input to a Combined Output

 

Unlike IT professional services, which significantly modify or integrate hardware and software to form a single functional solution, maintenance & support services:

 

Do not alter or enhance the software at the time of transfer – The customer receives an operational software license upon delivery, and M&S provides future support rather than modifying the existing software.
Are not required for the customer to derive initial benefit from the software – The customer can use the software independently, and the M&S services merely support long-term usability.
Do not significantly integrate with or change the underlying software – The services are supplementary rather than essential for the initial use of the product.

 

As such, M&S services do not qualify as an input to a combined output under BC33(a) or (b) and are therefore evaluated separately from the software license.

 

Revenue Recognition Conclusion

 

Since the Company has determined that M&S services are immaterial to the total transaction price, the software license and M&S services are treated as a single performance obligation for simplicity in revenue recognition.

 

Revenue for the combined performance obligation is recognized at a point in time when control of the software license is transferred to the customer, typically upon delivery or activation.
Any revenue associated with M&S services is included in the total transaction price of the software license and recognized at the same point in time, as the distinction between the two does not materially impact revenue timing.

 

Variable Consideration

 

We estimate variable consideration, including potential refunds, penalties, or performance bonuses, using the expected value or most likely amount method, depending on which better predicts the amount of consideration to which we will be entitled. We recognize revenue only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue will not occur. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, we did not have any contracts with variable consideration, and no adjustments to the transaction price were necessary after initial recognition.

 

Principal versus Agent Considerations

 

In evaluating whether we are acting as a principal or an agent in its contracts, we considered the guidance in ASC 606-10-55-36 through 55-40. This evaluation focused on identifying the specified goods or services promised to the customer and assessing whether we obtain control of these goods or services before they are transferred to the customer.

 

Our IT solutions involve services, hardware, software, and IT application products. In these contracts, we provide a bundle of goods and services necessary to fulfil the performance obligations. While certain components of the solution, such as hardware and software, may be sourced from third-party providers, we direct and integrate these inputs into a cohesive IT solution that meets the customer’s needs.

 

Specifically:

 

(i) Control of Goods and Services:

 

We take control of the services, hardware, software, and IT application products prior to their delivery to the customer. This is evidenced by the Company’s ability to direct the use of these goods and services and to obtain the benefits from them before transfer.

 

We assume inventory risk for these goods, either upon receipt from the third-party provider or during their customization or bundling into the overall IT solution.

 

2. Primary Responsibility for Fulfilment:

 

We are responsible for ensuring the customer receives the specified solution, including resolving any issues with the delivery or functionality of the underlying services, hardware, software, and applications. This indicates that we are accountable for the overall performance of the arrangement.

 

3. Pricing Discretion:

 

We determine the pricing for the bundled solution, further supporting its role as principal.

 

Although we partner with cloud and technology service providers and outsources certain components to third-party providers, these third parties act as subcontractors or suppliers within our broader performance obligation. We do not merely arrange for the third parties to provide goods or services directly to the customer.

 

Based on the above, we concluded that we act as the principal in these transactions because we control the specified goods and services before transferring them to the customer.

 

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Accounts Receivable, Net

 

Accounts receivable primarily consists of amounts due from our customers and related companies. We record these balances net of an allowance for expected credit losses, which is established in accordance with ASC 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses.

 

We estimate our allowance for expected credit losses using a forward-looking model that incorporates historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. We determine the allowance is determined through Portfolio-level analysis, which applies a historical loss rate to pools of receivables with similar risk characteristics, adjusted for expected changes in the macroeconomic environment and industry trends.

 

Our management evaluates receivables based on factors such as the aging of receivables, historical collection patterns, and the customer’s ability to pay, as well as broader economic factors that may affect the collectability of receivables. Significant judgments include evaluating the impact of economic downturns, industry-specific risks, and other external factors on customer creditworthiness.

 

Receivables are written off against the allowance when all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted and our management determines that the likelihood of collection is remote. The timing of the write-off is based on specific criteria, including the length of time a receivable has been past due, customer bankruptcy, and other significant credit events.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, we had an allowance for expected credit losses of HK$493,720 and HK$1,001,086 (US$128,344), respectively. The increase in the allowance was due to a modest rise in receivables aging beyond standard terms observed during the year.

 

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

 

Contract assets represent our right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that have been transferred to the customer, but for which billing has not yet occurred under the terms of the contract. We recognize contract assets when we satisfy a performance obligation and has a right to payment, but the payment is conditional on something other than the passage of time (e.g., future performance or acceptance of goods or services by the customer). We evaluate contract assets for expected credit losses in accordance with ASC 326 and measure at the net realizable value.

 

Contract liabilities represent the billings to date, as allowed under the terms of a contract, but not yet recognized as contract revenue using our revenue recognition policy. Contract liabilities arise when billings exceed the amount of revenue recognized based on our revenue recognition policy under ASC 606. We recognize revenue over time or at a point in time as performance obligations are satisfied, depending on the nature of the contract and the specific terms of the agreement.

 

We classify contract assets and liabilities as current or noncurrent depending on the timing of when the performance obligations are expected to be satisfied and when the related billings will occur. For contracts with multiple promises, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on relative stand-alone selling prices. We regularly review our estimates of transaction prices, performance obligations, and the progress toward satisfaction of those obligations.

 

Any significant changes in contract assets and liabilities are disclosed separately in the financial statements and are primarily driven by the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations and the receipt of customer payments.

 

57
 

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

See the discussion of the recent accounting pronouncements contained in Note 2 to the financial statements, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

 

Years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024

 

Results of Operations

 

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years indicated, both in absolute amount.

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    Variance     
   HK$   HK$   US$   HK$   % Change 
                     
Revenues    141,372,358      181,830,126      23,311,554      40,457,768      28.6  
Cost of revenues    (121,462,858 )    (156,575,791 )    (20,073,819 )    (35,112,933 )    28.9  
Gross profit    19,909,500      25,254,335      3,237,735      5,344,835      26.8  
                          
Operating expenses                         
Selling and marketing expenses    (1,024,598 )    (2,776,713 )    (355,988 )    (1,752,115 )    171.0  
General and administrative expenses    (4,989,693 )    (8,527,081 )    (1,093,215 )    (3,537,388 )    70.9  
Total operating expenses    (6,014,291 )    (11,303,794 )    (1,449,203 )    (5,289,503 )    87.9  
Operating income    13,895,209      13,950,541      1,788,532      55,332      0.4  
Interest income, net    13,838      47,591      6,101      33,753      243.9  
Interest expense, net     -      (100,939 )     (12,941 )     (100,939 )     100  
Other income, net    358,441      173,715      22,271      (184,726 )    (51.5 )
Income before taxes    14,267,488      14,070,908      1,803,963      (196,580 )    (1.4 )
Income tax expenses    (2,161,815 )    (2,200,654 )    (282,135 )    (38,839 )    1.8  
Net income    12,105,673      11,870,254      1,521,828      (235,419 )    (1.9 )
                          
Earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of the shareholders                         
Basic and diluted    0.37     0.37    0.05    -    - 
Weighted average shares used in calculating basic and diluted net income per share   

32,500,000

    

32,500,000

    

32,500,000

    

-

    

-

 

 

58
 

 

Revenues

 

The following table presented the breakdown of our revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    Change 
   HK$   %   HK$   US$   %   % 
                         
Revenue from Products:                              
Contracts with Multiple Promises*:                              
- Sale of Hardware with IT Professional Services    58,250,642      41.2      70,398,140      9,025,403      38.7      20.9  
- Sale of Software and IT Application products with IT Professional Services    52,958,769      37.5      79,469,485      10,188,395      43.7      50.1  
- Sale of Hardware, Software and IT Application Products with IT Professional Services    5,095,674      3.6      -      -      -      (100 )
- Sale of Software and IT Application Products with Maintenance and Support Services    17,239,574      12.2      22,112,152      2,834,891      12.2      28.3  
Sale of Hardware Products    834,848      0.6      492,705      63,167      0.3      (41.0 )
     134,379,507      95.1      172,472,482      22,111,856      94.9      28.3  
Revenue from Services:                              
IT Professional Services    4,848,321      3.4      4,779,716      612,784      2.6      (1.4 )
Maintenance and Support Services    2,144,530      1.5      4,577,928      586,914      2.5      113.5  
     6,992,851      4.9      9,357,644      1,199,698      5.1      33.8  
Total revenues    141,372,358      100.0      181,830,126      23,311,554      100      28.6  

 

*Revenue Recognition for Contracts with Non-Distinct Obligations

 

The Company enters into contracts that include a combination of goods (e.g., hardware, software) and services (e.g., IT professional services, integration, and maintenance). When these elements are highly interdependent and interrelated, they are treated as a single performance obligation under ASC 606-10-25-21, and revenue is recognized at a point in time when control transfers to the customer, typically upon customer acceptance.

 

Because these contracts represent an integrated solution, the Company does not allocate revenue to individual components (hardware, software, or services). Instead, revenue is categorized as product revenue, as the predominant characteristic of the combined deliverable is the hardware and software provided to the customer.

 

In determining the predominant characteristic, the Company considers:

 

The primary benefit to the customer, which is the acquisition of a functional IT system.
The relative significance of each component, including the cost composition of hardware, software, and services within the contract.
The customer’s primary reason for entering into the arrangement, which is to obtain a fully integrated IT solution rather than standalone services.

 

This classification reflects the nature of the Company’s contracts and ensures consistency with how control is transferred to the customer.

 

The following table summarizes disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers by geographic areas for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   Year ended December 31,     
   2023    2024    Change 
   HK$   %   HK$   US$   %   % 
                         
Hong Kong    128,519,292      90.9      144,495,457      18,525,058      79.5      12.4  
Singapore    10,090,715      7.1      33,751,584      4,327,126      18.5      234.5  
Others, including Philippines, Macau, Japan and Malaysia     2,762,351      2.0      3,583,085      459,370      2.0      29.7  
Total revenues    141,372,358      100.0      181,830,126      23,311,554      100      28.6  

 

The following table presented the disaggregated revenues from contracts with customers by the timing of revenue recognition for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   Year ended December 31,     
   2023    2024    Change 
   HK$   %   HK$   US$   %   % 
                         
Revenue recognized at point in time                              
Sale of Hardware Products    834,848      0.6      492,705      63,167      0.3      (41.0 )
IT Professional Services    3,600,962      2.5      3,860,692      494,960      2.1      7.2  
Contracts with Multiple Promises    133,544,659      94.5      171,979,777      22,048,689      94.6      28.8  
     137,980,469      97.6      176,333,174      22,606,816      97.0      27.8  
Revenue recognized over time                              
Maintenance and Support Services    2,144,530      1.5      4,577,928      586,914      2.5      113.5  
IT Professional Services    1,247,539      0.9      919,024      117,824      0.5      (26.3 )
     3,391,889      2.4      5,496,952      704,738      3.0      62.1  
                               
Total revenues    141,372,358      100.0      181,830,126      23,311,554      100.0      28.6  

 

Revenues increased by HK$40.5 million, or 28.6%, to HK$181.8 million (US$23.3 million) for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to HK$141.4 million for the same period in 2023.

 

The increase in revenues was mainly attributable to the cloud service solution projects amounted to HK$29.9 million for a new customer located in Singapore during the year ended December 31, 2024.

 

59
 

 

Cost of revenues

 

The following table presented the breakdown of our costs of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    Change 
   HK$   %   HK$   US$   %   % 
                         
Cost of Products:                              
Contracts with Multiple Promises*:                              
- Sale of Hardware with IT Professional Services    52,158,964      43.0      65,259,321      8,366,580      41.7      25.1  
- Sale of Software and IT Application products with IT Professional Services    46,521,405      38.3      66,764,480      8,559,549      42.6      43.5  
- Sale of Hardware, software and IT application products with IT Professional Services    4,098,581      3.4      -      -      -      (100 )
- Sale of Software and IT Application Products with Maintenance and Support Services    14,996,495      12.3      17,827,166      2,285,534      11.4      18.9  
Sale of Hardware Products    719,270      0.6      347,470      44,547      0.2      (51.7 )
     118,494,715      97.6      150,198,437      19,256,210      95.9      26.8  
Cost of Services:                              
IT Professional Services    2,335,938      1.9      3,312,547      424,685      2.1      41.8  
Maintenance and Support Services    632,205      0.5      3,064,807      392,924      2.0      384.8  
     2,968,143      2.4      6,377,354      817,609      4.1      114.9  
Total cost of revenues    121,462,858      100.0      156,575,791      20,073,819      100      28.9  

 

Cost of revenues consists primarily of subcontracting fees, cost of hardware, software license and IT application license directly attributable to services provided. For the year ended December 31, 2024, cost of revenues was HK$156.6 million (US$20.1 million), increased by HK35.1 million or 28.9% from HK121.5 million in the same period in 2023. The increase was mainly attributable to the increase in cost of hardware, software license and IT application license for the IT solution projects, which involved hardware, software and IT application products with IT professional services, performed during the year ended December 31, 2024 and the increase was in line with the increase in revenue during the year.

 

Gross profit and gross profit margin

 

As a result of the foregoing, the overall gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2024 was HK$25.3 million (US$3.2 million), an increase of HK$5.4 million from HK$19.9 million for the same period in 2023. The overall gross profit margin remained stable, with a slight decline from 14.1% for the year ended December 31, 2023 to 13.9% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

 

The gross profit margin on revenue on products increased from 11.8% for the year ended December 31, 2023 to 12.9% for the year ended December 31, 2024, while the gross profit margin on revenue on services decreased from 57.6% for the year ended December 31, 2023 to 31.8% for the year ended December 31, 2024

 

Selling and marketing expenses

 

Selling and marketing expenses consisted primarily of (i) marketing service fee paid to the third party; and (ii) commission paid to the third parties relevant to the sales function.

 

Our major selling and marketing expenses were comprised of the following items during the years indicated:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    Change 
   HK$   %   HK$   US$   %   % 
                         
Marketing service fee paid to the third party    986,495      96.3      2,564,915      328,835      92.4      160.0  
Commission paid to the third parties    38,103      3.7      211,798      27,153      7.6      455.9  
Total    1,024,598      100.0      2,776,713      355,988      100.0      171.0  

 

Selling and marketing expenses increased by HK$1.8 million or 171.0% from HK$1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to HK$2.8 million (US$0.4 million) for the year ended December 31, 2024 mainly driven by increase in marketing service fee paid to the third party by HK$1.6 million (US$0.2 million) as we would like to expand our customer base and revenue, not only in Hong Kong, but also in other Asia Pacific areas, by putting more resource to the marketing activities.

 

General and administrative expenses

 

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, bonuses, and benefits for employees involved in general corporate functions, such as finance, human resources, legal, and executive management. These expenses also include depreciation and amortization related to assets used in corporate activities, legal and professional service fees, entertainment expenses, short-term rental expenses for office spaces, and other administrative expenses.

 

60
 

 

Our major general and administrative expenses were comprised of the following items during the years indicated:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    Change 
   HK$   %   HK$   US$   %   % 
                         
Salaries, bonuses, and benefits for employees    3,513,248      70.4      5,738,353      735,686      67.3      63.3  
Amortization of intangible asset    378,802      7.6      681,514      87,374      8.0      79.9  
Depreciation of property and equipment    22,940      0.4      25,179      3,228      0.3      9.8  
Short-term rental expenses    423,158      8.5      424,824      54,465      5.0      0.4  
Legal and professional service fees    183,055      3.7      443,942      56,916      5.2      142.5  
(Reversal of allowance) / Allowance for the current credit losses on accounts receivable     (348,954 )     (7.0 )     507,230      65,029      5.9      245.4  
Entertainment expenses    363,067      7.3      227,573      29,176      2.7      (37.3 )
Repair and maintenance expenses    88,800      1.8      1,675      215      0.0      (98.1 )
Others    365,577      7.3      476,791      61,126      5.6      30.4  
Total    4,989,693      100.0      8,527,081      1,093,215     100.0     70.9  

 

General and administrative expenses increased by HK$3.5 million or 70.9% from HK$5.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to HK$8.5 million (US$1.1 million) for the year ended December 31, 2024 mainly driven by (i) salaries, bonuses and employee benefits increased by HK$2.2 million (US$0.3 million) due to both headcount growth and higher average monthly compensation; (ii) an additional HK$0.3 million (US$0.04 million) in intangible asset amortization related to upgrades to the information technology service management system, and (iii) a net increase of HK$0.9 million (US$0.1 million) in allowances for the current credit losses on accounts receivable.

 

Interest income

 

Interest income represented the interest income derived from bank saving deposits. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, we recorded interest income of HK$13,838 and HK$47,591 (US$6,101), respectively.

 

Interest expense

 

Interest expense represented the interest on an instalment bank loan of HK$5 million (US$0.6 million) under the SME Financing Guarantee Scheme with a 100% guarantee provided by HKMC Insurance Limited secured during the year ended December 31, 2024. For the years ended December, 2023 and 2024, we recorded interest expense of nil and HK$100,939 (US$12,941), respectively.

 

Other income

 

Our other income was comprised of the following items during the years indicated:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    Change 
   HK$   %   HK$   US$   %   % 
                         
Government subsidies    148,556      41.4      -      -      -      (100 )
Exchange gain, net    32,614      9.1      -      -      -      (100 )
Sundry income    177,271      49.5      173,715      22,271      100.0      (2.0 )
Total    358,441      100.0      173,715      22,271      100.0      (51.5 )

 

Other income decreased by HK$0.2 million or 51.5% from HK$0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 to HK$0.2 million (US$22,271) for the year ended December 31, 2024 mainly driven by the drop of one-off government subsidy during the year ended December 31, 2024.

 

Income tax expenses

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a profit before tax of HK$14.1 million (US$1.8 million), which was comparable to the previous fiscal year. As a result, the income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2024 was HK$2.2 million (US$0.3 million), consistent with the previous fiscal year

 

Net income

 

As a result of the above discussed, we recorded a net income of HK$11.9 million (US$1.5 million) for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing a slightly decrease of HK$0.2 million or 1.9% from a net income of HK$12.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.

 

61
 

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We financed our daily operations and business development through cash generated from the operations of SCS. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, our cash and cash equivalents balance were HK$9.9 million and HK$10.5 million (US$1.3 million), respectively.

 

The following table set forth a summary of our cash flows for the years indicated:

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2023    2024    2024  
   HK$   HK$   US$ 
             
Net cash provided by operating activities    8,249,163       7,934,436       1,017,235  
Net cash used in investing activities    (980,807 )     (1,213,177 )     (153,536 )
Net cash used in financing activities    (6,406,852 )     (6,072,678 )     (778,548 )

 

Cash Flow Activities for the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2024

 

Cash Provided by Operating Activities:

 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by operating activities was HK$8.2 million, primarily resulted from the net income of HK$12.1 million as adjusted for non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of (i) amortization of intangible asset of HK$0.4 million; and (ii) deferred income tax of HK$0.2 million, partially offset by the reversal of allowance for the expected credit losses on accounts receivable of HK$0.3 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily driven by an increase in deferred revenue (contract liabilities) of HK$10.8 million, a decrease in accounts receivable of HK$7.0 million and an increase in tax payable of HK$2.0 million, offset by an increase of prepayment and other current assets of HK$11.6 million and a decrease in accounts payable of HK$11.1 million.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash provided by operating activities was HK$7.9 million (US$1.0 million), primarily resulted from the net income of HK$11.9 million (US$1.5 million) as adjusted for non-cash items and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Adjustments for non-cash items primarily consisted of (i) amortization of intangible asset of HK$0.7 million (US$87,374); and (ii) allowance for the current expected credit losses on accounts receivable of HK$0.5 million (US$65,029). Changes in operating assets and liabilities primarily driven by a decrease in deferred revenue (contract liabilities) of HK$1.2 million (US$0.2 million), a decrease in accounts payable of HK$2.5 million (US$0.3 million) and an increase in accounts receivable of HK$2.5 million (US$0.3 million), partially offset by an increase of tax payable of HK$2.2 million (US$0.3 million).

 

Cash Used in Investing Activities:

 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was HK$1.0 million, which was mainly for the enhancement cost of an information technology service management system paid to a third-party system developer.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was HK$1.2 million (US$0.2 million), which was mainly for the enhancement cost of an information technology service management system paid to a third-party system developer.

 

Cash Used in Financing Activities:

 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities of HK$6.4 million consisted of, dividend paid of HK$8.5 million and net movement in amount due from shareholders of HK$2.1 million.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities of HK$6.1 million (US$0.8 million) consisted of dividend paid of HK$8.3 million (US$1.1 million) and deferred offering costs paid of HK$2.8 million (US$0.4 million), partially offset by proceeds from bank borrowing of HK$5.0 million (US$0.6 million).

 

62
 

 

The following table set forth a summary of our working capital as of the dates indicated:

 

   As of December 31, 
   2023    2024  
   HK$   HK$   US$ 
             
Current assets    39,198,538       44,954,744       5,763,428  
Current liabilities    (39,188,664     (28,790,057 )     (3,691,032
Working capital    9,874       16,164,687       2,072,396  

 

Current assets as of December 31, 2023 was HK$39.2 million. Out of this balance, we had cash and cash equivalents in an amount of HK$9.9 million of which approximately HK$8.5 million was denominated in Hong Kong Dollar and approximately HK$1.3 million was denominated in US Dollar. The entire cash balance was deposited in financial institutions in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The current asset balance also mainly included accounts receivable, net of HK$15.7 million and advances to suppliers of HK$11.6 million.

 

Current liabilities as of December 31, 2023 was HK$39.2 million. This amount was mainly composed of accounts payable of HK$7.1 million, amount due to related parties – non trade of HK$9.0 million and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) of HK$18.6 million. The HK$9.0 million amount due to related parties – non-trade mainly represented the dividend payable of HK$9.0 million to the shareholders.

 

Current assets as of December 31, 2024 was HK$45.0 million (US$5.8 million). Out of this balance, we had cash and cash equivalents in an amount of HK$10.5 million (US$1.3 million) of which approximately HK$7.5 million was denominated in Hong Kong Dollar and approximately HK$3.0 million was denominated in US Dollar. The entire cash balance was deposited in financial institutions in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The current asset balance also mainly included accounts receivable, net of HK$17.7 million (US$2.3 million), prepayment and other current assets, net of HK$11.3 million (US$1.4 million) and deferred offering costs of HK$2.8 million (US$0.4 million).

 

Current liabilities as of December 31, 2024 was HK$28.8 million (US$3.7 million). This amount was mainly composed of accounts payable of HK$4.5 million (US$0.6 million), amount due to related parties – non trade of HK$0.7 million (US$0.1 million), tax payable of HK$4.8 million (US$0.6 million) and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) of HK$17.4 million (US$2.2 million). The HK$0.7 million amount due to related parties – non-trade mainly represented the dividend payable of HK$0.7 million (US$0.1 million) to the shareholders.

 

63
 

 

We will have sufficient working capital to meet our present requirements and for the next 12 months from the date of this prospectus.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table summarized our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2024:

 

   Payments Due by Period 
  

Less Than

1 Year

  

1 to 3

Years

  

3 to 5

Years

  

More

Than 5

Years

   Total 
   HK$   HK$   HK$   HK$   HK$ 
                     
Contractual Obligations:                         
Bank borrowings                          
Principal payments     284,404      1,015,303      1,077,989      2,622,304      5,000,000  
Interest payments     147,866      254,028      191,342      180,802      774,038  
                          
Operating lease obligation    224,422      -     -    -     224,422  
Total contractual obligations    656,692      1,269,331      1,269,331      2,803,106      5,998,460  

 

   Payments Due by Period 
  

Less Than

1 Year

  

1 to 3

Years

  

3 to 5

Years

  

More

Than 5

Years

   Total 
   US$   US$   US$   US$   US$ 
                     
Contractual Obligations:                         
Bank borrowings                          
Principal payments     36,462      130,167      138,204      336,193      641,026  
Interest payments     18,957      32,568      24,531      23,180      99,236  
                          
Operating lease obligation    28,772     -    -    -     28,772  
Total contractual obligations    84,191      162,735      162,735      359,373      769,034  

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements, including arrangements that would affect our liquidity, capital resources, market risk support, and credit risk support or other benefits.

 

Concentration of Risks

 

Political, Social and Economic Risks

 

Our main operations are located in Hong Kong. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by political, economic, and legal environments in Hong Kong, as well as by the general state of the economy in Hong Kong. Our results may be adversely affected by changes in the political, regulatory and social conditions in Hong Kong. Although we have not experienced losses from these situations and believe that we are in compliance with existing laws and regulations including our organization and structure disclosed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, such experience may not be indicative of future results.

 

Our business, financial condition and results of operations may also be negatively impacted by risks related to natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, health epidemics and other catastrophic incidents, which could significantly disrupt our operations.

 

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Interest Rate Risk

 

We are exposed to interest rate risk on our interest-bearing assets and liabilities. As part of our asset and liability risk management, we review and take appropriate steps to manage our interest rate exposure on our interest-bearing assets and liabilities. We have not been exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates, and have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage the interest risk exposure during the years presented.

 

Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, amounts due from related parties and prepayment and other current assets. As of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, approximately HK$9,873,451 and HK$10,522,032 (US$1,348,978) were deposited with financial institutions located in Hong Kong, respectively. In accordance with the relevant regulations in Hong Kong, the maximum insured bank deposit amount is HK$800,000 (year ended December 31, 2023: HK$500,000) for each financial institution. While we believe that these financial institutions are of high credit quality, it also continually monitors their credit worthiness.

 

We are also exposed to risk from our accounts receivable, amounts due from related companies and prepayment and other current assets. These assets are subjected to credit evaluations. An allowance has been made for estimated unrecoverable amounts which have been determined by reference to past default experience and the current economic environment.

 

Concentration Risk

 

There were three and two customers from whom revenues individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues of the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The total sales to these customers accounted for approximately 62.2% and 28.5% of total revenues for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. There were two and three customers individually represent greater than 10% of the total gross accounts receivable of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively. The total receivables from these customers accounted for approximately 31.5% and 56.3% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively.

 

Future Financings

 

We may sell our Ordinary Shares in order to fund our business growth. Issuances of additional shares will result in dilution to existing shareholders. There is no assurance that we will achieve sales of our equity securities or arrange for debt or other financing to fund our growth in case it is necessary, or if we are able to do so, there is no guarantee that existing shareholders will not be substantially diluted.

 

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Business

 

OUR MISSION

 

To provide comprehensive, easy-to-use cloud solutions that help our valued clients grow and evolve their business by combining advanced cloud technologies with innovative digital solutions.

 

OVERVIEW

 

We are a pioneer in providing one-stop cloud solutions that support companies across the IT industry value chain throughout their entire cloud transformation journey from consulting, deployment and migration to cloud environment building and management. We were founded in December 2014 by a group of passionate and experienced professionals, who envisioned the potential of cloud technology to transform the way businesses of various sizes operate. Recognizing the growing need for digitization and the benefits that cloud technology could bring to businesses, our founders set out to create a company that would bridge the gap between cloud services providers and companies who seek to move to the cloud.

 

Our business primarily comprises (i) digital transformation consulting services consisting primarily of cloud suitability assessment, real-time resource management and strategic planning and advisory, (ii) professional IT services comprising a wide range of capabilities designed to facilitate seamless cloud integration and digital transformation, (iii) AI-powered proactive cloud managed services covering all aspects of day-to-day cloud maintenance and support, and (iv) IT infrastructure solutions covering on-premise private cloud setups and public cloud integrations including infrastructure applications such as our Sereno Cloud App360 AI and Data Science Platform (the “AI & Data Science Platform”), which consists of several core components.

 

Since our inception, we have focused on innovation in our cloud solutions and the application of emerging technologies such as cloud technology and AI. Our efforts are backed by our team of experts, deep understanding of evolving IT needs, high operational flexibility, and flat, efficient organization structure. Together, these features enable fast solution development, launch and iteration, and a series of customer-oriented cloud solutions and go-to-market strategies. Thus, we are able to rapidly expand even with a limited operating history.

 

We primarily operate our business in the Asia-Pacific region with a strong presence in Hong Kong and Singapore. Throughout our over nine years of operating history, we have proactively sought opportunities for growth in our cloud solutions business and by accumulating our project experience and building customer relationships and reputation in Hong Kong. Currently, we have expanded our geographical presence to other regions in Asia-Pacific including Singapore, the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia and Australia since 2019.

 

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Throughout our more than nine years of operation, we have proactively sought growth opportunities in our cloud solutions business, where we have accumulated extensive project experience and built solid customer relationships and reputation in Hong Kong. Since 2019, we have been expanded our geographical presence to other regions in Asia-Pacific, and now have operations in Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia and Australia. In particular, we have a significant presence in Hong Kong and Singapore.

 

We had served over 150 clients and 500 tenants in each of 2023 and 2024. Our clients are primarily divided into two categories, namely IT partner clients and end-user clients. Our partner clients primarily include system integration solutions providers, telecommunication companies and wholesalers, who typically procure our cloud solutions to provide services to end users, while our end-user clients primarily include government, public utility companies, non-governmental organizations, small and medium-sized enterprises, large multinational corporations and local enterprises in industries such as financial services, logistics and education. Tenant refers to our clients’ dedicated and isolated space within the cloud environment where their users, data, and resources are stored independently from others, which we help to manage and optimize. We believe that our diverse and extensive customer base provides us with a stable business and diversified sources of revenue.

 

Going forward, we plan to capture the extensive potential of the cloud computing market in the Asia-Pacific region through our enriching cloud solutions and expanding cloud infrastructure.

 

OUR MARKET OPPORTUNITY

 

The global cloud computing market is experiencing unprecedented growth, driven by the increasing demand for flexible, scalable, and cost-effective cloud solutions. According to a research report titled “Cloud Computing Market by Service Model (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), Deployment Model(Public Cloud, Private Cloud, Hybrid Cloud), Organization Size, Vertical (BFSI, Telecommunications, Manufacturing, Retail & Consumer Goods) and Region - Global Forecast to 2028” published by MarketsandMarkets in December 2023, the size of the global cloud computing market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 15.1% from $626.4 billion in 2023 to $1,266.4 billion in 2028; while according to a research report titled “Asia Pacific Cloud Computing Market Forecast to 2028” published by Technology, Media and Telecommunications in September 2022, the size of the Asia-Pacific cloud computing market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 25.6% from $94.4 billion in 2022 to $370.9 billion in 2028. We believe we enjoy a vast market opportunity, particularly within the commercial segment, where there is a growing need for digital transformation and cloud adoption.

 

Specifically, according to Gartner’s market research report titled “Market Share Analysis: Infrastructure as a Service, Worldwide, 2023” published in June 2024, the global infrastructure as a service (“IaaS”) market grew at a year-over-year (“YoY”) rate of 16.2% from $120 billion in 2022 to US$140 billion in 2023, and it estimates that Asia-Pacific will represent the most active market. Furthermore, the report titled “Asia/Pacific (Excluding Japan) Whole Cloud Services Forecast, 2024—2027” published by International Data Corporation (“IDC”) in March 2024 stated that Asia-Pacific is experiencing a double-headed IT spending boom, with public cloud services and software investments skyrocketing. According to IDC, cloud spending is forecasted to reach US$329.1 billion by 2027; while cloud spending in Asia-Pacific grew at a YoY rate of 23.4% in 2024, and is expected to further grow at a YoY rate of 14.2% to reach US$250 billion in 2025 as cloud-related spending continues to accelerate. In particular, according to a research report titled “Forecast: Public Cloud Services, Worldwide, 2022-2028, 1Q24 Update” published by Gartner in March 2024, end-user spending on public cloud services is forecasted to grow at a YoY rate of 21.5% from US$595.7 billion in 2024 to US$723.4 billion in 2025, driven by generative AI (“GenAI”) and application modernization.

 

Moreover, according to a research report titled “Cloud Managed Services Market by Service Type (Managed Business, Managed Network, Managed Security, Managed Infrastructure, Managed Mobility), Organization Size, Vertical (BFSI, Telecom, Retail & Consumer Goods, IT) and Region - Global Forecast to 2027” published by MarketsandMarkets in October 2022, the size of the global cloud managed services market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.6% from US$99.0 billion in 2022 to US$164.0 billion by 2027. Such report also stated that the growing demand for cloud managed services among enterprises and inadequate cloud expertise among IT professionals are likely to drive the demand for cloud managed services.

 

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This rapid growth presents a significant opportunity for us, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, where cloud adoption rates are increasing at an even faster pace. The commercial segment, which is our primary focus, represents a substantial portion of this market and is expected to grow at an even higher CAGR due to their increasing need for digital transformation and cloud-based solutions. We believe that we are well-positioned to capture a slice of the fast-growing cloud computing market opportunity in the Asia-Pacific with our expertise and solution in digital transformation and cloud adoption.

 

OUR COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS

 

We believe that the following competitive strengths are essential for our success and differentiate us from our competitors:

 

Dual Capabilities in Cloud Services and IT Services

 

We are uniquely positioned in the market with our dual capabilities in both cloud and IT services. By offering one-stop cloud solutions that address both our clients’ cloud and IT needs, we simplify the technology landscape for our clients, allowing them to focus on their core business without the burden of managing multiple cloud and IT service providers. This not only reduces their operational complexity, but also improves their cost efficiency.

 

In particular, our IT infrastructure solutions provide a full range of hybrid cloud services to meet the diverse needs of modern businesses. Our hybrid cloud services combine the flexibility of public cloud platforms with the control and security of private cloud infrastructure. This blended approach allows our clients to optimize their IT environments based on their specific workloads and data security needs. By leveraging both on-premise private cloud setups and public cloud integrations, we can help our clients achieve greater efficiency and scalability while maintaining compliance with data sovereignty and privacy regulations. In addition to our hybrid cloud offerings, we also provide professional IT services that support the entire lifecycle of our clients’ digital transformation initiatives, from initial consultation and system architecture design to ongoing management and optimization.

 

We believe we are well positioned to provide an integrated and comprehensive suite of cloud solutions that help companies across different industries streamline and expedite their digital transformation and cloud adoption processes.

 

Strong Geographic Presence and Local Expertise in Asia-Pacific

 

We have strategically positioned ourselves to be a leading cloud solutions provider in Asia-Pacific. Our direct involvement in Asia-Pacific markets gives us a deep understanding of regional trends, customer behavior and economic shifts in the region. This knowledge allows us to anticipate market needs and adapt our offerings accordingly, ensuring relevance and competitiveness. Regular market analysis and customer feedback loops help us stay ahead of technological trends and regulatory changes, enabling us to proactively adapt our service offerings. Leveraging local market intelligence, we develop customized cloud solutions that specifically address the nuanced needs of businesses operating in Asia-Pacific, such as local data residency requirements and integration with regional cloud and technology service providers. We have actively formed strategic partnerships with local enterprises and cloud and technology service providers. We believe that these partnerships are critical to enhancing our service capabilities and embedding our solutions within the local technology ecosystem in Asia-Pacific.

 

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Established Partnerships with Major Cloud and Technology Service Providers

 

We strategically partner with globally leading cloud and technology service providers to continually enhance and expand our solution offerings, ensuring our solutions remain at the forefront of the cloud solutions industry to maintain our competitive edge. We have partnered with several major cloud and technology service providers, giving us priority access to the latest technologies, global and regional industry standards, and industry innovations. We also leverage our partnerships with these cloud and technology service providers to customize solutions based on our clients’ unique needs, from data compliance and security features to performance optimizations and industry-specific configurations.

 

Our cloud and technology service provider partners include top-tier cloud platforms and specialized technology companies that lead in areas such as cybersecurity, AI, and big data analytics. Our solutions and technological capabilities have been well recognized by our cloud and technology service provider partners. For instance, a major cloud service provider in Hong Kong highly regarded the quality of our services after it partnered with us on a cloud migration project in which we demonstrated exceptional expertise and dedication in delivering a seamless migration experience for a joint client. This cloud service provider subsequently awarded us a three-year contract to provide ongoing cloud managed services to such joint client.

 

Diverse and Extensive Customer Base

 

We have a diverse and extensive customer base, including government, public utility companies, non-governmental organizations, small and medium-sized enterprises, large multinational corporations and local enterprises. We believe that maintaining a diverse and extensive customer base is critical to our long-term business development, as it can ensure our financial health and operational resilience, while continually enhancing our competitive advantage. Our diverse and extensive customer base enables us to maintain revenue stability as we serve companies in a wide range of industries. We are able to gain broad insights from clients in different industries, allowing us to apply innovations from one industry to solve challenges in another. The diverse feedback we receive from different industries can also enrich our knowledge base and help us refine our service offerings. In addition, our successful delivery of solutions across industries helps us build trust not only within those industries, but also with potential clients who see our track record as proof of our capabilities.

 

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Agility and Responsiveness to Market and Technology Changes

 

Our operational framework is designed to be inherently agile and responsive, allowing us to quickly navigate and adapt to the ever-changing landscape of market demands and technological advances. In particular, we employ data analytics and AI tools to forecast trends and identify shifts in the cloud solutions industry. These tools provide us with actionable insights that enable us to proactively adjust our strategies and maintain our competitive edge. Our strategic partnerships with leading market players also provide us with early insight into emerging technologies and market shifts, allowing us to quickly incorporate cutting-edge solutions into our offerings.

 

In addition, our solutions are designed to be modular and scalable, so they can be quickly adapted or expanded to meet new market or customer needs. We believe our ability to anticipate and respond to change is a key differentiator from our peers and reinforces our reputation as a flexible and forward-thinking cloud solutions provider.

 

OUR GROWTH STRATEGIES

 

Expand Our Footprints in the Asia-Pacific Region and Globally

 

We aim to deepen our foothold in the Asia-Pacific region and expand globally. We currently operate in Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Australia, and plan to further expand our business in these regions or countries. In particular, we plan to invest in targeted marketing campaigns, building local teams and establishing regional offices to better serve the unique needs of these markets. We also plan to explore opportunities to enter new markets in the future where cloud adoption rates are growing rapidly, such as Southeast Asia, Australia, and Latin America.

 

Growth through Strategic Acquisitions

 

We plan to selectively pursue acquisitions of companies with specialized skills or unique technologies that can complement and expand our existing capabilities and rapidly increase our market share. Through such acquisitions, we believe we can offer more comprehensive solutions to our clients and enter new market segments where these capabilities are in demand. We anticipate that by acquiring and integrating smaller competitors or related businesses, we will not only improve our competitive position, but also realize economies of scale that will increase our profitability.

 

Enhance Our Service Capabilities and Expand our Service Offerings

 

We will continue to enhance our existing cloud offerings and develop new services that address emerging market needs, such as AI, machine learning, and edge computing. By staying at the forefront of technological advancements, we can provide our clients with cutting-edge solutions that help them stay competitive in the digital landscape. In addition to our core cloud delivery and cloud solutions, we will expand our suite of value-added services to provide clients with a more comprehensive and integrated solution. This may include advanced security and compliance solutions, data analytics and business intelligence tools, application development and integration services, and more. We will also focus on developing customized and industry-specific cloud solutions that address the unique needs of different market segments. By offering tailored services, we believe we can better meet our clients’ needs and differentiate ourselves from the competition.

 

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Maintain Strong Relationships with Existing Partners and Establish New Collaborations

 

We believe that establishing and maintaining strong relationships with our existing and potential cloud and technology service provider partners is critical to our long-term success. We intend to leverage our strong foundation of working with several leading global cloud and technology service provider partners to further expand our partner network. Specifically, we plan to actively seek new cloud and technology service provider partners who can complement our offerings and help us deliver the most advanced and reliable cloud solutions in the market. We will attend industry events, participate in technology forums, and engage in joint marketing initiatives to identify and engage potential partners.

 

Invest in and Continue to Adopt Cutting-edge Cloud Technology and AI

 

We are devoted to innovation and plan to continuously innovate and invest in our technology, which we believe is the backbone of our cloud solutions business, so as to allow us to maintain and strengthen our market leading position. We plan to upgrade our technology stack, including in the areas of cloud technology and AI, which we believe will allow us to further enhance our service offerings. We also intend to continue to leverage the proven, market-tested technology from our cloud and technology service provider partners, which we believe will enhance our technological capabilities, lead to enhanced cost efficiency, and reduce our operating expenses.

 

OUR ONE-STOP CLOUD SOLUTIONS

 

We partner with various cloud and technology service provider partners to provide our clients with one-stop cloud solutions, which include (i) digital transformation consulting services consisting primarily of cloud suitability assessment, real-time resource management, and strategic planning and advisory; (ii) professional IT services comprising a wide range of capabilities designed to facilitate seamless cloud integration and digital transformation; (iii) AI-powered proactive cloud managed services covering all aspects of day-to-day cloud maintenance and support, supported by our IT service management (“ITSM”) platform; and (iv) IT infrastructure solutions covering on-premise private cloud setups and public cloud integrations including infrastructure applications such as our AI & Data Science Platform, which consists of several core components.

 

All of our services and solutions are powered by an extensive collection of cloud-based tools. These tools are licensed from a variety of third-party cloud and technology service providers, which we have meticulously integrated such tools to meet our specific needs. We also integrated a suite of ITSM tools with built-in AI capabilities and algorithms licensed from third-party technology service providers and customize the implementation of such algorithms to develop our ITSM platform that meet our specific needs and operational environments, which is key to delivering our AI-powered proactive cloud managed services. Such tools and algorithms are developed, maintained, and upgraded by the third-party technology service providers under proprietary licenses. Furthermore, our AI & Data Science Platform, which we offer as part of our IT infrastructure solutions, is built based on tools and algorithms from open-source libraries and frameworks.

 

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Digital Transformation Consulting Services

 

Our team of experts provides in-depth consulting on cloud strategy, architecture, migration, and optimization to help our clients make informed decisions and maximize the benefits of their digital transformation journey. We provide our clients with personalized guidance to help them identify the most appropriate cloud systems for their business needs, on a free of charge basis. This approach builds trust and ensures that our recommendations are aligned with the client’s strategic goals. Key features of our digital transformation consulting services include:

 

  Cloud Suitability Assessment. We work closely with our clients to understand their business requirements, technology infrastructure, and long-term goals, and then recommend the most appropriate cloud solutions based on these factors.
     
  Real-time Resource Management. We provide our clients with real-time visibility into their cloud infrastructure, enabling them to monitor system performance, optimize resource utilization, and make data-driven decisions that improve cost efficiency and scalability.
     
  Strategic Planning and Advisory. Our team of experts helps our clients develop a long-term cloud strategy and provide deep insight into best practices, emerging technologies, and potential areas for growth and innovation.

 

Professional IT Services

 

Our professional IT services encompass a wide range of capabilities designed to facilitate seamless cloud integration and digital transformation, including:

 

  Agile Cloud System Deployment. We manage the entire setup and configuration of new cloud systems, ensuring they are optimized for our clients’ operational environment. In addition, our experienced team of engineers and consultants work with clients to deploy cloud systems quickly and efficiently while minimizing downtime and business disruption.
     
  Cloud Migration. We provide comprehensive IT support for migrating applications and data to the cloud, ensuring minimal impact on our clients’ daily business operations.
     
  DevOps Implementation. DevOps is a combination of software development and IT operations brought together to create a unified infrastructure designed to maximize productivity. Specifically, we help our clients integrate and streamline software development and IT operations to foster a culture of collaboration, continuous improvement, and high efficiency.

 

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  Infrastructure Automation. We use modern tools and practices to automate the provisioning, configuration, and management of infrastructure to increase agility and reliability.
     
  Application Modernization. We help modernize legacy applications to enhance scalability, performance, and integration with new cloud environments.

 

AI-powered Proactive Cloud Managed Services

 

Our AI-powered proactive cloud managed services are designed to ensure that our clients’ cloud infrastructure is always operating at peak performance, providing them with the reliability and stability they need to succeed in today’s fast-paced business environment. Key features of our AI-powered proactive cloud managed services include

 

  Non-stop Operating Systems. We provide AI-powered predictive monitoring and management of our clients’ cloud environments, helping them analyze historical performance data and predict potential system outages or performance degradations before they occur. This can help schedule maintenance activities during off-peak hours, minimizing downtime and ensuring continuous system availability.
     
  Automatic Smart Monitoring and Event Management. Our advanced monitoring tools use machine learning models to continuously monitor system logs and metrics to automatically detect issues and anomalies in system performance, enabling our team to proactively address potential problems for our clients before they escalate.
     
  Professional IT Expertise Support. Our team of certified cloud experts with AI-powered chatbots and AI tools are available 24/7 to provide faster and more effective technical support, troubleshooting, and guidance to our clients, giving clients access to the expertise needed at any time.
     
  Backup and Disaster Recovery Services. We offer robust data protection and backup solutions, as well as disaster recovery planning and implementation, to ensure that our clients’ critical data and applications are always secure and accessible.
     
  Cloud Managed Security Services. Recognizing the importance of data security and compliance in the cloud, we offer advanced security solutions such as threat detection and prevention, encryption, and compliance management to safeguard our clients’ critical data and infrastructure.

 

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IT Infrastructure Solutions

 

We work closely with our clients to understand their IT needs and provide them with comprehensive, integrated, up-to-date and customized IT infrastructure solutions that meet their IT requirements and specifications. Leveraging our AI & Data Science Platform, we help our clients build and manage their IT infrastructure, from system deployment to IT maintenance and support.

 

Our extensive IT infrastructure solutions include both on-premise private cloud setups and public cloud integrations:

 

  On-premise Private Cloud Infrastructure. We provide robust on-premise cloud infrastructure tailored to each client’s specific business needs by leveraging best-of-breed cloud solutions from our specialized technology partners.
     
  Public Clouds. We offer our clients versatile, scalable cloud environments through our partnerships with leading public cloud providers.

 

OUR SERENO CLOUD APP360 AI AND DATA SCIENCE PLATFORM

 

We have developed the AI & Data Science Platform, a comprehensive solution that provides our clients with tools, services, and infrastructure to develop, deploy, and manage AI, machine learning, and data science projects. Our AI & Data Science Platform is designed to help clients streamline the entire data processing process, from data ingestion and preprocessing to model training, evaluation, deployment and monitoring. It provides multi-user, multi-framework interactive computing environments with collaboration, experiment tracking, and workflow management capabilities that make it easy for data scientists and network analysts to collaborate effectively on complex projects. The diagram below illustrates our AI & Data Science Platform:

 

 

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Our AI & Data Science platform is designed with a comprehensive architecture that covers data ingestion, data storage and management, distributed computing, experiment tracking and model management, workflow management, and inference services and deployment, while also providing an interactive computing environment. The diagram below illustrates the architecture of our AI & Data Science Platform:

 

 

OUR REVENUE AND PRICING MODELS

 

We typically charge our clients a fixed service fee at a price based on the scope of services required on a project-by-project basis.

 

We determine our credit policies and payment methods with each client based on the type of cloud solutions we are providing to the client, taking into account a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the size of the order, the complexity of the project, the client’s business relationship and credit history with us, and the payment terms offered by the suppliers involved. We typically require our clients to pay (i) an upfront payment upon signing of contract, (ii) milestone payments when specified milestone events are reached, and (iii) a final payment upon delivery of relevant services, or on a monthly basis. We either require our clients to make payment upon delivery or provide a credit period typically ranging from zero to 60 days after our issuance of invoice or delivery of services.

 

We price our solutions on a case-by-case basis because we typically deliver our solutions on a project-by-project basis, which includes a range of specifications and varying levels of complexity. For our IT infrastructure solutions, we typically consider, among other things, (i) the scope of services, (ii) the estimated time to be spent by various levels of our technical personnel, (iii) the complexity and scale of the project, (iv) procurement and supply chain costs, and (v) subcontractor fees (if any). For professional IT services and AI-powered proactive cloud managed services, we determine our quotes based on the estimated time to be spent by our technical resources.

 

We set out below a summary of the salient terms of a typical purchase order with our customers:

 

Services. We provide one-off cloud solutions to the customer as specified in the purchase order.

 

Term. Not specified.

 

Payment. We are typically entitled to receive payment in advance upon receipt of confirmed order, or payment within 30 days after issuance of invoice.

 

Delivery. We are typically required to deliver our cloud solutions in approximately two weeks to two months after receipt of confirmed order.

 

We set out below a summary of the salient terms of a typical purchase order with our suppliers:

 

Products/Services. The supplier provides us with IT products and services as specified in the purchase order.

 

Term. Not specified.

 

Payment. We are typically required to make payments to the supplier upon receipt of invoice.

 

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OUR TECHNOLOGIES

 

We integrate a variety of technologies into our ITSM platform to deliver our AI-powered proactive cloud managed services to our clients that enable robust, efficient and secure IT operations. Our ITSM platform provides a comprehensive set of tools and solutions designed to manage the delivery of IT services. It encompasses a wide range of activities, processes, and policies that are structured to design, create, deliver, support, and manage IT services within an organization. The primary goal of our ITSM platform is to ensure that IT services are aligned with the needs of the business and provide value to its users.

 

The key technologies of our ITSM platform include:

 

  Cloud monitoring platforms. We integrated various cloud monitoring platforms to facilitate comprehensive cloud monitoring, enabling real-time analysis and predictive insights into system performance and health.
     
  Ticket event management platforms. Such platforms can be used to efficiently manage tickets and events, ensuring streamlined operations and effective response mechanisms.
     
  Emergency call and notification systems. We implemented robust emergency call and notification systems to ensure timely communication in crisis situations.
     
  AI and machine learning models. Generative AI and machine learning technologies are incorporated for intelligent monitoring, automated responses, and decision support, enhancing our ITSM platform’s capability to predict and mitigate issues proactively.
     
  Application programming interface (“API”). Custom APIs are developed and integrated across different platforms to facilitate seamless data interoperability and automation of workflows.
     
  Data collection and monitoring. Customized data collection and monitoring metrics such as central processing unit (“CPU”) usage, memory, disk utilization, and network traffic are configured to maintain system health and performance.

 

These technologies help us achieve predictive monitoring, smart event management, and decision support, ensuring us to provide high-performance and secure cloud managed solutions to our clients.

 

Our AI & Data Science Platform involves a wide array of technologies and tools to ensure robustness, scalability, and ease of use. We integrated various components into our AI & Data Science Platform for data ingestion, processing, model development, deployment, and collaboration. The key technologies of our AI & Data Science Platform include:

 

  Data ingestion and storage. Data ingestion is the process of collecting and importing data files from various sources into a single, cloud-based storage medium, such as a database, data warehouse or data lake, for storage, processing and analysis. We integrated data streaming technology with a variety of databases, data warehouses and data lakes to help our clients efficiently store, process and analyze data;
     
  Data preprocessing and transformation. We integrated various data processing frameworks, extract, transform, load (“ETL”) tools and data quality management to help our clients clean and transform raw data to make it suitable for analysis;
     
  Interactive computing environments. Various interactive computing environments are developed, such as laptop environments and integrated development environments, which accept user input at runtime;
     
  Distributed processing. We implemented distributed processing to help our clients process large amounts of data across multiple big data and distributed computing engines, thereby reducing processing time and improving system performance;
     
  Model training and evaluation. We incorporated various machine learning frameworks and automated machine learning to allow data scientists and developers to build and deploy machine learning models faster and easier;
     
  Experiment tracking and management. Our AI & Data Science Platform includes experiment tracking, and model management and versioning capabilities to systematically capture, organize, and manage data related to model training, evaluation, and deployment;
     
  Workflow management. We configured workflow orchestration and task scheduling to enable our clients to manage multiple workflows and tasks;
     
  Model deployment and inferencing. Model deployment, also known as inference, marks the transition of a machine learning model from the development phase to its operational use in real-world applications. We incorporated model serving, deployment and scaling, and API management to deliver the predictive capabilities of trained models to end users or other systems in a production environment;
     
  Collaboration and access control. We integrated version control, project management, and access control and security capabilities into our AI & Data Science Platform which provides a suite of collaboration features with access control for our clients to manage projects among users and teams;
     
  Monitoring and log management. Monitoring and log management tools are built in to help our clients prevent, detect, and resolve problems; and
     
  Additional integration and APIs. We also integrated various data visualization tools to help clients convey information succinctly and effectively, and external APIs that allow clients to integrate their applications with third-party resources, such as a public cloud service or a software-as-a-service application.

 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

 

We outsource the execution of our design, including development, coding, maintenance, debugging, deployment and enhancement of our AI & Data Science Platform, to third-party service providers. Our CEO and COO, who have an average of approximately 20 years of relevant industry experience, work closely together to design the architecture, key features and functionality of our platforms and related software, taking into consideration factors such as user experience, commercial viability and the lifespan of new modules and version upgrades that we might implement.

 

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We also outsource the integration of AI and automation technologies into our ITSM platform that will streamline our operations and improve our service quality, such as predictive analytics and advanced automated response systems, to third party service providers, while we are responsible for the design and management of our ITSM platform. In addition, we plan to develop on-premise generative AI solutions using open-source large language models to help our clients improve operational efficiency and innovation while ensuring data security.

 

COLLABORATION AND STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS

 

To generate synergies, enhance operational efficiency and facilitate long-term sustainable growth, we proactively work with selected third-party cloud and technology service provider partners, including top-tier cloud platforms and specialized technology companies, in our ordinary course of business.

 

We have built robust relationships with established businesses along the cloud solutions industry value chain and related segments.

 

  Our cloud platform partners. We collaborate with many leading cloud platforms, which enables us to provide our clients with the appropriate cloud platform for their requirements and needs.
     
  Our specialized technology partners. We form collaborations with a spectrum of specialized technology companies that lead in areas such as cybersecurity, AI, and big data analytics. For instance, we are authorized to access valuable information provided by such specialized technology partners and to participate in various go-to-market and development partner programs. Having a diverse set of technology partners enables us to offer customized cloud solutions with products and/or services from such specialized technology partners that cover various aspects of digital transformation and cloud adoption that our clients may need, as well as access to emerging technologies.

 

SALES AND MARKETING

 

We are committed to building a sales model to provide our clients with a full lifecycle superior experience and value-added services. Sales activities will be generally carried out by our dedicated employees. In addition, we also demonstrate expertise, industry knowledge, high standards of integrity and strong relationship with the regulators.

 

We strive to promote IT awareness and create underlying IT needs by introducing to our customers the latest market trends and technology through hosting or co-hosting various marketing events with IT product vendors. We regularly organize live webinars, trade show booths, seminars, exhibitions, workshops, trainings and telemarketing to share and promote information on our solutions to end-users.

 

In particular, for marketing idea and content generation, we use generative AI tools to efficiently produce text, images and audio simply by inputting data. These tools use machine learning models to generate content that mimics human creativity and intelligence. These marketing events not only increase our market awareness, but also provide an effective platform to better understand end-user needs and preferences, while generating valuable feedback for our IT product vendors and distributors. Such feedback, in turn, helps us to provide tailor-made and up-to-date solutions to end users and strengthens our position as a competitive business partner to our IT product vendors and distributors.

 

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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

 

We rely on a combination of trademarks, service marks, trade secrets and contractual restrictions to protect our brand name, logos and core technologies. As of the date of this prospectus, we had one pending trademark application in Hong Kong.

 

DATA SECURITY AND PROTECTION

 

We have a data privacy policy in place that outlines our practices regarding the collection, use and protection of personal data in accordance with applicable data protection laws. Through our data privacy policy, our clients can learn how their data is collected, used and shared and give consent or decline for data collection when necessary. In particular, we only collect information that is necessary to provide our services, and we only process such information for specific purposes, including service delivery, communications, security and compliance, performance improvement, and marketing and sales. We retain personal data only for as long as necessary to fulfill the purposes for which we collected it, including to comply with any legal, accounting or reporting requirements.

 

We implemented appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect our clients’ personal data from unauthorized access, use or disclosure, including data encryption, firewalls and other secure software development practices. Furthermore, we followed a number of industry standards with respect to data security and protection and IT service management, such as ISO 27001 and the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (“ITIL”). ISO 27001 is a widely accepted standard in the field of information security and privacy protection; while ITIL is a widely accepted set of best practices for managing IT services and improving IT support and service levels.

 

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EMPLOYEES

 

As of December 31, 2024, we had 22 employees, of which 15 and 7 were full-time and part-time employees. Most of our employees are primarily based in Hong Kong. The following table sets forth a breakdown of our employees categorized by function as of December 31, 2024.

 

Function   Number of
Employees
     
Sales and Marketing   5
General and Administrative   4
Operations   13
Total   22

 

We believe we offer our employees competitive compensation packages and a dynamic work environment that encourages initiative and is based on merit. As a result, we have been able to attract and retain talented personnel and maintain a stable core management team. As required by relevant regulations in the jurisdictions in which we operate, we maintain insurance covering the liability to make payment in respect of death, injury or disability of our employees for injuries at work for all of our employees. We believe that our current insurance policies are sufficient for our operations. In addition, we generally enter into standard employment agreements, non-disclosure agreements, and general rules of conduct with our employees that include confidentiality and non-competition provisions.

 

We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any major labor disputes.

 

INSURANCE

 

We benefit from various insurance policies to safeguard against risks and unexpected events. We benefit from property insurance, public liability insurance, commercial general liability insurance, and employer’s liability insurance. We provide insurance for our employees as required by relevant applicable laws and regulations. We expect to procure and maintain business interruption insurance or key-man insurance in the future. We believe that our insurance coverage is adequate to cover our key assets, facilities, and liabilities.

 

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PROPERTIES

 

We are headquartered in Hong Kong.

 

We have leased an office at Hong Kong. The following table sets forth the location, approximate size, primary use and lease term of our major leased facilities as of December 31, 2024.

 

Location

Approximately Size in Square Meters

Primary use

Lease term

Hong Kong   161   Office   Two years since December 7, 2023

 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

We are currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings, which will cause serious interference to our commercial operation. We may from time to time be subject to various legal or administrative claims and proceedings arising from the ordinary course of business. For the relevant risks, see “Risk Factors — Risks related to Our Business —  Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business.”

 

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Regulation

 

This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business activities in Hong Kong.

 

Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Cap. 486) of Hong Kong), or the PDPO

 

The PDPO imposes a statutory duty on data users to comply with the requirements of the six data protection principles (the “Data Protection Principles”) contained in Schedule 1 to the PDPO. The PDPO provides that a data user shall not do an act, or engage in a practice, that contravenes a Data Protection Principle unless the act or practice, as the case may be, is required or permitted under the PDPO. The six Data Protection Principles are:

 

Principle 1—purpose and manner of collection of personal data;

 

Principle 2—accuracy and duration of retention of personal data;

 

Principle 3—use of personal data;

 

Principle 4—security of personal data;

 

Principle 5—information to be generally available; and

 

Principle 6—access to personal data.

 

Non-compliance with a Data Protection Principle may lead to a complaint to the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (the “Privacy Commissioner”). The Privacy Commissioner may serve an enforcement notice to direct the data user to remedy the contravention and/ or instigate prosecution actions. A data user who contravenes an enforcement notice commits an offense which may lead to a fine and imprisonment.

 

The PDPO also gives data subjects certain rights, inter alia:

 

the right to be informed by a data user whether the data user holds personal data of which the individual is the data subject;

 

if the if the data user holds such data, to be supplied with a copy of such data; and

 

the right to request correction of any data they consider to be inaccurate.

 

The PDPO criminalizes, including but not limited to, the misuse or inappropriate use of personal data in direct marketing activities, noncompliance with a data access request and the unauthorized disclosure of the right to request correction of any data they consider to be inaccurate.

 

Employment Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Laws of Hong Kong), or the EO

 

The Employment Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Laws of Hong Kong), is an ordinance enacted for, amongst other things, the protection of the wages of employees and the regulation of the general conditions of employment and employment agencies. Under the EO, an employee is generally entitled to, amongst other things, notice of termination of his or her employment contract; payment in lieu of notice; maternity protection in the case of a pregnant employee; not less than one rest day in every period of seven days; severance payments or long service payments; sickness allowance; statutory holidays or alternative holidays; and paid annual leave of up to 14 days depending on the period of employment.

 

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Employees’ Compensation Ordinance (Chapter 282 of the Laws of Hong Kong), or the ECO

 

The Employees’ Compensation Ordinance (Chapter 282 of the Laws of Hong Kong), is an ordinance enacted for the purpose of providing for the payment of compensation to employees injured in the course of employment. As stipulated by the ECO, no employer shall employ any employee in any employment unless there is in force in relation to such employee a policy of insurance issued by an insurer for an amount not less than the applicable amount specified in the Fourth Schedule of the ECO in respect of the liability of the employer. According to the Fourth Schedule of the ECO, the insured amount shall be not less than HKD100,000,000 (approximately $12,900,000) per event if a company has no more than 200 employees. Any employer who contravenes this requirement commits a criminal offence and is liable on conviction to a fine and imprisonment. An employer who has taken out an insurance policy under the ECO is required to display a prescribed notice of insurance in a conspicuous place on each of its premises where any employee is employed.

 

Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance (Chapter 485 of the Laws of Hong Kong), or the MPFSO

 

The Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance (Chapter 485 of the Laws of Hong Kong), is an ordinance enacted for the purposes of providing for the establishment of non-governmental mandatory provident fund schemes, or the MPF Schemes. The MPFSO requires every employer of an employee of 18 years of age or above but under 65 years of age to take all practical steps to ensure the employee becomes a member of a registered MPF Scheme. Subject to the minimum and maximum relevant income levels, it is mandatory for both employers and their employees to contribute 5% of the employee’s relevant income to the MPF Scheme. Any employer who contravenes this requirement commits a criminal offence and is liable on conviction to a fine and imprisonment.

 

Inland Revenue Ordinance (Chapter 112 of the Laws of Hong Kong)

 

Under the Inland Revenue Ordinance (Chapter 112 of the Laws of Hong Kong), where an employer commences to employ in Hong Kong an individual who is or is likely to be chargeable to tax, or any married person, the employer shall give a written notice to the Commissioner of Inland Revenue not later than three months after the date of commencement of such employment. Where an employer ceases or is about to cease to employ in Hong Kong an individual who is or is likely to be chargeable to tax, or any married person, the employer shall give a written notice to the Commissioner of Inland Revenue not later than one month before such individual ceases to be employed in Hong Kong.

 

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Management

 

Directors and Executive Officers

 

The following table provides information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this prospectus.

 

Directors and Executive Officers

  Nationality  

Age

 

Position/Title

Yee Kar Wing   Hong Kong, PRC   49   Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer
Wong Ka Lun   Hong Kong, PRC   50  

Independent Director*

Shi Cheuk Kwan   Hong Kong, PRC   50  

Independent Director*

Tsang Chi Hon   Hong Kong, PRC   50  

Independent Director*

Hui Wai Ming   Singapore   60   Chief Operating Officer
Wong Chung Wai   Hong Kong, PRC   49   Chief Financial Officer

 

 

*Has accepted director appointment effective upon the SEC’s declaration of effectiveness of our registration statement on Form F-1, of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Yee Kar Wing, our co-founder and Chairman of the Board of Directors, has served as the Chief Executive Officer of our Group since our inception in 2017. With over two decades of leadership in the IT industry, Mr. Yee has established himself as a pivotal figure in business and technology. Mr. Yee has dedicated more than 20 years to business development and fostering strategic partnerships, particularly in the sectors of telecommunications, hosting, Internet service providers, and independent software vendors. Mr. Yee has also been at the forefront of developing cloud products and services for over nine years. Prior to founding the Company, Mr. Yee has also served as Director at Primex Technology Limited since March 2003.

 

Currently, Mr. Yee is also the chairman of the Innovation & Technology Affairs Committee at The Hong Kong General Chamber of Small and Medium Business, where he drives initiatives to support technological advancements and innovation among small and medium-sized enterprises. Additionally, Mr. Yee serves on the Young Executive Committee of the same chamber, further demonstrating his commitment to nurturing young business talent and fostering a culture of leadership among the next generation. Mr. Yee is also an active member of Rotary International District 3450, participating in various initiatives that aim to improve community well-being and international cooperation.

 

Mr. Yee obtained his Bachelor of Science in E-commerce of Computing Science from the University of South Australia in January 2005.

 

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Wong Ka Lun will begin serving as our independent director immediately upon the SEC’s declaration of effectiveness of our registration statement on Form F-1, of which this prospectus forms a part. Mr. Wong will serve as the chairman of the nominations committee and as a member of the audit and compensation committees. Mr Wong has more than 27 years’ experience across communication services, IT services and software industries with a track record of executing quantifiable results. He is currently served as director of Go4Fiber Limited, where he is responsible for driving the company’s sales and services organization. From 2000 to 2005, Mr. Wong served as Business Development Manager at Spirent Communications plc (LSE: SPT), a British multinational telecommunications testing company. From 2005 to 2014 served as Senior Product Marketing Manager at JDSU, now called VIAVI Solutions Inc. (NASDAQ: VIAV), an American network test, measurement and assurance technology company. And from 2014 to 2017, Mr. Wong served as Chief Solution Architect at CENX, now part of Ericsson Digital Services (NASDAQ: ERIC), a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company.

 

Mr. Wong obtained his Bachelor of Science in Information Systems with honors from University of Staffordshire. He is also a Registered Umpire at Hong Kong Badminton Association Ltd.

 

Shi Cheuk Kwan will begin serving as our independent director immediately upon the SEC’s declaration of effectiveness of our registration statement on Form F-1, of which this prospectus forms a part. Mr. Shi will serve as the chairman of the compensation committee and as a member of the audit and nominations committees. Mr. Shi has been currently the director of 1280732 B.C. LTD., a fintech service provider in Web3 and A.I. since December 2020. From July 2020 to March 2021, Mr. Shi served as senior manager of Services & Operations Department at AIA International Limited, a pan-Asian life insurance group. Mr. Shi served as technical director at TideiSun Group Limited, a global media and FinTech company from November 2017 to April 2020. From December 2015 to September 2017, Mr. Shi served as software manager at ANX International Ltd, a FinTech company. From November 2010 to October 2015, Mr. Shi served as senior manager at NTT Communications, an international communications and ICT solution provider. From October 2005 to November 2010, Mr. Shi was an enterprise architect at the Housing Department of the Government of the Hong Kong SAR.

 

Mr. Shi obtained his Bachelor of Computing in E-Commerce from Hong Kong Baptist University in 2005 and Master of Corporate Finance from Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2007. Mr. Shi was also qualified as a certified ScrumMaster by Scrum Alliance in 2016, certified Scrum Product Owner by Scrum Alliance in 2016, Sun Certified Enterprise Architect for Java Platform by Sun Microsystems in 2006 and Sun Certified Programmer for Java 2 Platform Version 1.4x by Sun Microsystems in 2004.

 

Tsang Chi Hon will begin serving as our independent director immediately upon the SEC’s declaration of effectiveness of our registration statement on Form F-1, of which this prospectus forms a part. Mr. Tsang will serve as the chairman of the audit committee and as a member of the compensation and nominations committees. Mr. Tsang has been served as the company secretary of China Oriented International Holdings Limited, an HKEX-listed investment holding company, principally engaged in provision of driving training services, since May 2017, the company secretary and financial controller of Micron (International) Group Holdings Limited since April 2021, and the company secretary of RENHENG Enterprise Holdings Limited, an HKEX-listed company principally engaged in the manufacture, sale and provision of maintenance, overhaul and modification services in respect of tobacco machinery products in the PRC, since May 2022, where he is mainly responsible for the company secretarial and related matters. From November 2013 to July 2021, Mr. Tsang served as an independent non-executive director of Xinhua News Media Holdings Limited, an HKEX-listed company. From January 2017 to August 2018, Mr. Tsang was a company secretary of Swee Seng Holdings Limited.

 

Mr. Tsang has more than 15 years of experience in audit and accounting. From November 2009 to February 2014, Mr. Tsang served as chief financial officer at Zuoan Fashion Limited, where he was responsible for the finance and accounting functions of the group companies. From May 2009 to September 2009, Mr. Tsang served as financial reporting manager at Luxworld Limited. From May 2007 to July 2008, Mr. Tsang served as a group financial controller at Reyoung Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, a company listed on the Main Board of the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited. Mr. Tsang consecutively served as senior and supervisor in the assurance division Grant Thornton Hong Kong from March 2004 to March 2007. Mr. Tsang served as auditor at Baker Tilly Hong Kong Business Services Limited from October 1999 to February 2004.

 

Mr. Tsang graduated from The University of Hong Kong in December 2009 with a Bachelor of Accounting and was admitted as a certified public accountant of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants in April 2006.

 

Hui Wai Ming is our co-founder and chief operating officer, primarily involving overseeing the operations, developing strategic plans, and ensuring that all of our functions synergistically could achieve its business goals. Prior to founding the Company, Mr. Hui co-founded and had served as chief operating officer of GMS Pte LTD, which was acquired by M1 Limited, a Singapore telecommunications company for 16 years since 2001. Mr Hui obtained his Bachelor of Science in International Business from Brigham Young University, Hawaii Campus in 1986.

 

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Wong Chung Wai joined us in August 2024 and is currently our chief financial officer, advising on long-term business and financial planning, managing the processes for financial forecasting and budgets, and overseeing the preparation of all financial reporting. Mr. Wong has also served as financial controller at South China Media Group, a company mainly engaged in media publication and financial public relation services, since November 2021. From July 2015 to November 2021, Mr. Wong served as financial controller at National Agricultural Holdings Limited, an HKEX-listed company mainly engaged in provision of financial leasing services; manufacturing and trading of agricultural machineries; software development and maintenance; and property investment. Mr. Wong served as finance manager at Asana Wellness Group Limited from January 2013 to March 2015. From November 2007 to December 2012, Mr. Wong served as finance manager at Lam Soon (Hong Kong) Limited, an HKEX-listed company mainly engaged in manufacturing and trading of flour products, edible oils products and home care products. From October 2005 to July 2007, Mr. Wong served as accounting manager at Skyworth Digital Holdings Limited, an HKEX-listed company mainly engaged in manufacture and sales of smart TV systems, smart white appliances, internet value-added services and property development. He served as assistant manager at KPMG from January 2004 to October 2005, senior accountant at RSM Hong Kong from July 2002 to January 2004, and staff accountant from September 1999 to September 2001.

 

Mr. Wong obtained his Bachelor of Arts in Accounting and Finance from University of West London in 1997 and Bachelor of Laws from University of London in 2013. Mr. Wong was qualified as a fellow member of Association of Chartered Certified Accountants in 2009.

 

Board of Directors

 

Our board of directors will consist of four directors upon the SEC’s declaration of effectiveness of our registration statement on Form F-1, of which this prospectus forms a part. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company to qualify to serve as a director. A director who is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or proposed contract with our company is required to declare the nature of his interest at a meeting of our directors. A general notice given to the directors by any director to the effect that he is a member, shareholder, director, partner, officer or employee of any specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in any contract or transaction with that company or firm shall be deemed a sufficient declaration of interest for the purposes of voting on a resolution in respect to a contract or transaction in which he has an interest, and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction. Subject to any separate requirement for audit committee approval under applicable law or the Listing Rules of NYSE American and disqualification by the chairman of the relevant board meeting, a director may vote in respect of any contract, proposed contract, arrangement or transaction notwithstanding that he may be interested therein and if he does so his vote shall be counted and he may be counted in the quorum at any meeting of the directors at which any such contract, proposed contract, arrangement or transaction is considered, provided that the nature of the interest of any directors in such contract or transaction is disclosed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote in that matter. Our board of directors may exercise all of the powers of our company to borrow money, to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, or any part thereof, and to issue debentures, debenture stock or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of our company or of any third-party. None of our directors has a service contract with us that provides for benefits upon termination of service.

 

As a Cayman Islands company listed on NYSE American, we are a foreign private issuer and are permitted to follow the home country practice with respect to certain corporate governance matters. Cayman Islands law does not require a majority of a publicly traded company’s board of directors to be comprised of independent directors. However, we currently do not rely on this home country practice exception and have a majority of independent directors serving on our board of directors.

 

Committees of the Board

 

Prior to the completion of this offering, we intend to establish an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominations committee under the board of directors. We intend to adopt a charter for each of the three committees prior to the completion of this offering. Each committee’s members and functions are described below.

 

Audit Committee. Our audit committee will consist of Wong Ka Lun, Shi Cheuk Kwan and Tsang Chi Hon, and will be chaired by Tsang Chi Hon. Our Board has determined that each such member satisfies the “independence” requirements of Section 803(2) of the NYSE American Company Guide and meet the independence standards under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Our audit committee will consist solely of independent directors that satisfy NYSE American and SEC requirements within one year of the completion of this offering. Our board of directors has also determined that Tsang Chi Hon qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of the SEC rules and possesses financial sophistication within the meaning of the NYSE American Company Guide. The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:

 

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selecting our independent registered public accounting firm and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm;
   
reviewing with our independent registered public accounting firm any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response and approving all proposed related party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K;
   
discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and our independent registered public accounting firm;
   
periodically reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter;
   
meeting periodically with the management and our internal auditor and our independent registered public accounting firm;
   
reporting regularly to the full board of directors;
   
reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and integral control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk exposure; and
   
such other matters that are specifically delegated to our audit committee by our board of directors from time to time.

 

Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee will consist of Wong Ka Lun, Shi Cheuk Kwan and Tsang Chi Hon, and will be chaired by Shi Cheuk Kwan. Our Board has determined that each such member satisfies the “independence” requirements of Section 803(2) of the NYSE American Company Guide. Our compensation committee will assist the Board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated upon. The compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:

 

reviewing and approving to the Board with respect to the total compensation package for our chief executive officer;
   
reviewing the total compensation package for our employees and recommending any proposed changes to our management;
   
reviewing and recommending to the Board with respect to the compensation of our directors;
   
reviewing annually and administering all long-term incentive compensation or equity plans;
   
selecting and receiving advice from compensation consultants, legal counsel or other advisors after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person’s independence from management.

 

Nominations Committee. Our nominations committee will consist of Wong Ka Lun, Shi Cheuk Kwan and Tsang Chi Hon, and will be chaired by Wong Ka Lun. Our Board has determined that each such member satisfies the “independence” requirements of Section 803(2) of the NYSE American Company Guide. The nominations committee will assist the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board of directors and its committees. The nominations committee will be responsible for, among other things:

 

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identifying and recommending nominees for election or re-election to our board of directors or for appointment to fill any vacancy;
   
reviewing annually with our board of directors its current composition in light of the characteristics of independence, age, skills, experience and availability of service to us;
   
advising the Board periodically with respect to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to our board of directors on all matters of corporate governance and on any corrective action to be taken; and
   
monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance.

 

Duties of Directors

 

Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty of loyalty, a duty to act honestly, and a duty to act in what they consider in good faith to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also owe to our company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. Our company has the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached. In limited exceptional circumstances, a shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is breached.

 

The functions and powers of our board of directors, among others:

 

convening shareholders’ annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings;
   
declaring dividends and distributions;
   
appointing officers and determining the term of office of officers;
   
exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and
   
approving the transfer of shares of our company, including the registering of such shares in our share register.

 

Terms of Directors and Executive Officers

 

Each of our directors holds office until the expiration of his or her term, as may be provided in a written agreement with our company, and his or her successor has been elected and qualified, until his or her resignation or until his or her office is otherwise vacated in accordance with our articles of association. At each annual general meeting one-third of the directors for the time being shall retire from office by rotation. However, if the number of directors is not a multiple of three, then the number nearest to but not less than one-third shall be the number of retiring directors. A retiring director shall be eligible for re-election. All of our executive officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors. Our directors may be appointed or removed from office by an ordinary resolution of shareholders. A director will be removed from office automatically if, among other things, the director (i) becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors generally; (ii) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind and the board of directors resolves that his office be vacated; (iii) resigns; (iv) without special leave of absence from our board of directors, is absent from three consecutive meetings of the Board and the Board resolves that his office be vacated; (v) is prohibited from being or ceases to be a director by operation of law; or (vi) is removed from office by the requisite majority of the directors or otherwise pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association then in effect. The compensation of our directors is determined by the board of directors. There is no mandatory retirement age for directors.

 

Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements

 

We expect to enter into employment agreements with our executive officers. Each of our executive officers is employed for a continuous term, or a specified time period which will be automatically extended, unless either we or the executive officer gives prior notice to terminate such employment. We may terminate the employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts of the executive officer, including but not limited to the commitments of any serious or persistent breach or non-observance of the terms and conditions of the employment, conviction of a criminal offense other than one which in the opinion of the Board does not affect the executive’s position, willful, disobedience of a lawful and reasonable order, misconduct being inconsistent with the due and faithful discharge of the executive officer’s material duties, fraud or dishonesty, or habitual neglect of his or her duties. An executive officer may terminate his or her employment at any time with a 60-day prior written notice.

 

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Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the employment agreement expires or is earlier terminated, in strict confidence and not to use or disclose to any person, corporation or other entity without our written consent, any confidential information or trade secrets. Each executive officer has also agreed to disclose in confidence to us all inventions, intellectual and industry property rights and trade secrets which they made, discover, conceive, develop or reduce to practice during the executive officer’s employment with us and to assign to our company all of his or her associated titles, interests, patents, patent rights, copyrights, trade secret rights, trademarks, trademark rights, mask work rights and other intellectual property and rights anywhere in the world which the executive officer may solely or jointly conceive, invent, discover, reduce to practice, create, drive, develop or make, or cause to be conceived, invented, discovered, reduced to practice, created, driven, developed or made, during the period of the executive officer’s employment with us that are either related to our business, actual or demonstrably anticipated research or development or any of our products or services being developed, manufactured, marketed, sold, or are related to the scope of the employment or make use of our resources. In addition, all executive officers have agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions set forth in their agreements. Each executive officer has agreed to devote all his or her working time and attention to our business and use best efforts to develop our business and interests. Moreover, each executive officer has agreed not to, for a certain period following termination of his or her employment or expiration of the employment agreement: (i) carry on or be engaged, concerned or interested directly or indirectly whether as shareholder, director, employee, partner, agent or otherwise carry on any business in direct competition with us, (ii) solicit or entice away any of our customer, client, representative or agent, or (iii) employ, solicit or entice away or attempt to employ, solicit or entice away any of our officers, managers, consultants or employees.

 

We expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, pursuant to which we will agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being such a director or executive officer.

 

Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers

 

In 2024, we paid an aggregate of HKD 0.9 million (US$0.1 million) in cash to our executive officers, and we did not pay any compensation to our non-executive directors. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our directors and executive officers. Our Hong Kong subsidiaries are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of each employee’s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits and a housing provident fund.

 

Share Incentive Plans

 

2025 Share Incentive Plan

 

In May 2025, our board of directors approved the 2025 Share Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the 2025 Plan in this prospectus, to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of our business. The maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares that may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2025 Plan is 4,875,000 ordinary shares, equal to 15% of the total number of shares issued and outstanding on the effective date of the 2025 Plan. As of the date of this prospectus, no award has been granted under the 2025 Plan.

 

The following paragraphs summarize the principal terms of the 2025 Plan.

 

Types of awards. The 2025 Plan permits the awards of options, restricted shares, restricted share units or any other type of awards approved by the plan administrator.

 

Plan administration. Our board of directors or a committee of one or more members of the board of directors will administer the 2025 Plan. The committee or the full board of directors, as applicable, will determine the participants to receive awards, the type and number of awards to be granted to each participant, and the terms and conditions of each award.

 

Award agreement. Awards granted under the 2025 Plan will be evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth terms, conditions and limitations for each award, which may include the term of the award, the provisions applicable in the event that the grantee’s employment or service terminates, and our authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind the award.

 

Eligibility. We may grant awards to our employees, directors and consultants of our company.

 

Vesting schedule. In general, the plan administrator determines the vesting schedule, which is specified in the relevant award agreement.

 

Exercise price. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for each award, which is stated in the award agreement.

 

Term of the awards. The vested portion of options will expire if not exercised prior to the time as the plan administrator determines at the time of its grant. However, the maximum exercisable term is ten years from the date of a grant.

 

Transfer restrictions. Awards may not be transferred in any manner by the participant other than in accordance with the exceptions provided in the 2025 Plan or the relevant award agreement or otherwise determined by the plan administrator, such as transfers by will or the laws of descent and distribution.

 

Termination and amendment. Unless terminated earlier, the 2025 Plan has a term of ten years from its date of effectiveness. Our board of directors has the authority to amend or terminate the plan. However, no such action may adversely affect in any material way any awards previously granted without the written consent of the participant.

 

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Principal Shareholders

 

The following table sets forth information concerning the beneficial ownership of our Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus by:

 

each of our directors and executive officers; and
   
each person known to us to beneficially own more than 5% of our Ordinary Shares.

 

The calculations in the table below are based on 32,500,000 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, and 35,100,000 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding immediately after the completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option.

 

Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days, including through the exercise of any option, warrant, or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.

 

   Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owner Prior to this Offering   Ordinary Shares Beneficially Owned Immediately After this Offering* 
   Number   %   Number   % 
                 
Directors and Executive Officers:                    
Yee Kar Wing(1)   

24,456,250

    75.25    24,456,250    

69.68

 
Hui Wai Ming(1)   -    -    -    - 
Wong Chung Wai   -    -    -    - 
Wong Ka Lun   -    -    -    - 
Shi Cheuk Kwan   -    -    -    - 
Tsang Chi Hon   -    -    -    - 
Directors and Executive Officers as a group   24,456,250    75.25    24,456,250    69.68 
Other Principal Shareholders                    

Rainbow Sun Enterprises Limited(1)

   

24,456,250

    

75.25

    

24,456,250

    

69.68

 

 

* Assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option in this offering.

 

(1) Mr. Yee Kar Wing (“Mr. Yee”) is the controlling shareholder and sole director of Rainbow Sun Enterprises Limited (“Rainbow Sun”), while Mr. Hui Wai Ming (“Mr. Hui”), the only minority shareholder of Rainbow Sun, has entered into a concert party agreement with Mr. Yee, pursuant to which Mr. Hui agrees to act in concert with Mr. Yee in all matters with respect to the Company, Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited and SCS. As such, Mr. Yee has sole voting and dispositive power over shares held by Rainbow Sun.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, we did not have any Ordinary Shares outstanding that were held by record holders in the United States. None of our shareholders has informed us that it is affiliated with a registered broker-dealer or is in the business of underwriting securities. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company. See “Description of Share Capital—History of Securities Issuances” for a description of issuances of our securities that have resulted in significant changes in ownership held by our major shareholders.

 

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Related Party Transactions

 

Private Placements

 

See “Description of Share Capital — History of Securities Issuances.”

 

Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements

 

See “Management — Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements.”

 

Other Related Party Transactions

 

The following is a summary of transactions for the three years ended December 31, 2024 to which we have been a party and in which any members of our board of directors, any executive officers, or controlling shareholders had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements which are described under the section of this prospectus captioned “Management”.

 

The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company:

 

Names of the related parties   Relationship with the Company
Leading Digital Supply Limited   50% owned by Yee Kar Wing; Director until July 4, 2024
Primex Technology Limited   50% owned by Yee Kar Wing; Director
GMS Enterprise (Hong Kong) Limited   100% owned by Primex Technology Limited; Director: Yee Kar Wing
Yee Kar Wing   Shareholder, Director, and CEO of the Company
Hui Wai Ming   Shareholder and COO of the Company

Chu Che Man

 

Shareholder and director of SCS (ceased to be the director and shareholder of SCS since September 25, 2023 and September 26, 2023, respectively)

 

a. Amounts due from / (to) related parties

 

   As of December 31, 
   2022    2023    2024  
   HK$   HK$   HK$ 
Leading Digital Supply Limited(i)   -     9,800      -  
Primex Technology Limited(ii)     21,924      75,924      30,256  
Total amounts due from related parties - trade    21,924      85,724      30,256  
Less: Allowance for credit losses    (1,217 )     (7,684 )    (1,681 )
Total amounts due from related parties – trade, net    20,707      78,040      28,575  
                
Yee Kar Wing(iii)     65,524      (5,276,517 )    (33,795 )
Hui Wai Ming(iii)     2,018,180      (3,732,147 )    (645,120 )
Total amounts due from / (to) related parties – non trade    2,083,704      (9,008,664 )     (678,915 )

  

 

b. Related party transactions

 

   Year ended December 31, 
   2022    2023    2024  
   HK$   HK$   HK$ 
Purchase from GMS Enterprise (Hong Kong) Limited    9,292      21,551      -  
Service rendered to Leading Digital Supply Limited    885,200      540,200      240,500  
Service rendered to Primex Technology Limited    21,924      54,000      54,000  
Sales commission paid to Hui Wai Ming    

-

     

-

     

12,500

 
Dividend paid to Yee Kar Wing(iv)     -      6,097,976      5,277,024  
Dividend paid to Hui Wai Ming(iv)     -      2,392,580      3,060,000  

 

Terms of Transactions with Related Parties

 

The transactions with related parties are conducted on terms that, in management’s opinion, approximate arm’s length transactions. The pricing for services provided and goods sold to related parties is based on market rates for similar transactions with third parties. However, due to the nature of related party relationships, these transactions may not be at the same terms that would be available in an open market.

 

  (i) Mr. Yee Kar Wing has ceased to be the shareholder and director of Leading Digital Supply Limited since July 4, 2024. The amount due from Leading Digital Supply Limited and the allowance for the credit loss on the amount due from Leading Digital Supply Limited as of December 31, 2024 were HK$9,800 (December 31, 2023: HK$9,800) and HK$974 (December 31, 2023: HK$136) respectively. These amounts were reallocated to accounts receivable and allowance for the credit losses on accounts receivable.
     
  (ii) The amounts due from Primex Technology Limited represent receivables for IT infrastructure solutions and managed support services provided by the Company. This balance is subject to credit risk, and allowances / (reversal of allowances) for credit losses of HK$6,331 and (HK$5,867 (US$752)) were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively.
     
  (iii)

The balances presented as amounts due to related parties, non-trade as of December 31, 2024 reflect net positions after offsetting intercompany balances between SCS and Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited:

 

The balance due to Mr. Yee Kar Wing (HK$33,795) represents a net amount, comprising:

- An amount payable of HK$84,495 recorded in the books of SCS; and

- An amount receivable of HK$50,700 recorded in the books of Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited from Mr. Yee Kar Wing.

 

The balance due to Mr. Hui Wai Ming (HK$645,120) represents a net amount, comprising:

- A dividend payable of HK$672,420 recorded in SCS’s books; and

- An amount receivable of HK$27,300 recorded in the books of Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited from Mr. Hui Wai Ming.

 

These balances are presented on a net basis in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the economic substance of the related party positions as of year-end. These balances are unsecured, interest-free, and without a fixed repayment term.

     
  (iv) On December 31, 2023, SCS declared a dividend of HK$17,500,000 to Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited s. In accordance with a written instruction of the Vigorous, the dividend will be paid directly to Yee Kar Wing and Hui Wai Ming, the ultimate shareholders of Vigorous. The transaction was fully authorized by the Board of Directors and documented in a board resolution. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of unpaid dividend to Mr. Yee Kar Wing and Mr. Hui Wai Ming were HK$0 and HK$672,420 respectively. No dividend was declared during the year ended December 31, 2024.

 

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Description of Share Capital

 

We are a Cayman Islands exempted company incorporated with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below, and the common law of the Cayman Islands.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital is US$50,000 divided into 500,000,000 Ordinary Shares of nominal or par value of US$0.0001 each.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, 32,500,000 Ordinary Shares are issued and outstanding. All of our shares issued and outstanding prior to the completion of the offering are and will be fully paid, and all of our shares to be issued in the offering will be issued as fully paid.

 

Our Post-Offering Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

Our shareholders have adopted an amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on October 18, 2024, which we refer to below as our post-offering memorandum and articles of association. The following are summaries of material provisions of the post-offering memorandum and articles of association and of the Companies Act, insofar as they relate to the material terms of our Ordinary Shares.

 

Objects of Our Company. Under our post-offering memorandum and articles of association, the objects of our company are unrestricted and we have the full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the laws of the Cayman Islands.

 

Ordinary Shares. Upon the completion of this Offering, our authorized share capital is US$50,000.00 divided into 500,000,000 Ordinary Shares of nominal or par value US$0.0001 each. All of our outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form. We may not issue shares to bearer. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.

 

Dividends. The holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors or declared by our shareholders by ordinary resolution (provided that no dividend may be declared by our shareholders which exceeds the amount recommended by our directors). Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of our profits, realized or unrealized, or from any reserve set aside from profits which our board of directors determine is no longer needed. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.

 

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Voting Rights. Holders of our Ordinary Shares vote on all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, except as may otherwise be required by law. In respect of matters requiring shareholders’ vote, each Ordinary Share is entitled to one vote. At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a show of hands unless voting by poll is required by NYSE American rules or (before or on the declaration of the result of the show of hands) demanded by the chairman of the meeting or by any one or more shareholder(s) together holding at least 10% of the total voting rights of all our shareholders having the right to vote at such general meeting. A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of one or more shareholder(s) who holds at least one-third of all votes attaching to all shares in issue and entitled to vote present in person or by proxy, or if a corporation or other natural person, by its duly authorised representative.

 

An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the Ordinary Shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the outstanding and issued Ordinary Shares cast at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our post-offering memorandum and articles of association. Our shareholders may, among other things, divide or consolidate their shares by ordinary resolution.

 

However, no person will be entitled to vote at any general meeting or at any separate meeting of the holders of the Ordinary Shares unless the person is registered as of the record date for such meeting and unless all calls or other sums presently payable by the person in respect of Ordinary Shares in the Company have been paid.

 

Alteration of share capital. Our Company may, by an ordinary resolution of its members: (a) increase its share capital by such sum as it thinks expedient; (b) consolidate or divide all or any of its share capital into shares of a larger amount than its existing shares; (c) convert all of any of its paid up shares into stock and reconvert that stock into paid up shares of any denomination, (d) subdivide its shares or any of them into shares of an amount smaller amount provided that in the subdivision, the proportion between the amount paid and the amount, if any, unpaid on each reduced share shall be the same as it was in case of the share from which the reduced share is derived; (e) cancel any shares which, at the date of passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled; and (f) reduce its share premium account in any manner authorized and subject to any conditions prescribed by law.

 

General Meetings of Shareholders. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association provide that we may (but are not obliged to) in each year hold a general meeting as our annual general meeting in which case we shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our directors.

 

Shareholders’ general meetings may be convened by a majority of our board of directors. Advance notice of at least seven days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting (if any) and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for any general meeting of shareholders consists of at least one shareholder present or by proxy, representing not less than one-third of all votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares in our company entitled to vote at the general meeting.

 

The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association provide that upon the requisition of any one or more of our shareholders who together hold shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings, our board will convene an extraordinary general meeting and put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. However, our post-offering memorandum and articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.

 

Transfer of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the restrictions set out in our post-offering memorandum and articles of association as set out below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her Ordinary Shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by our board of directors.

 

Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any Ordinary Share unless:

 

the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the Ordinary Shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;
   
the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of Ordinary Shares;
   
the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required;
   
in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the Ordinary Share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and
   
a fee of such maximum sum as NYSE American may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof.

 

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If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.

 

The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required of NYSE American, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine, provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 days in any year as our board may determine.

 

Liquidation. On the winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them.

 

Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders, at least 14 days’ prior, specifying the time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.

 

Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares. We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders of these shares, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our board of directors. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares on such terms and in such manner as have been approved by our board of directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits or out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) if our company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares issued and outstanding or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.

 

Variations of Rights of Shares. If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class may be materially adversely varied with the consent in writing of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed by not less than two-thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued shall not, be deemed to be materially adversely varied by the creation, allotment or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with or subsequent to them or the redemption or purchase of any shares of any class by the Company. The rights of the holders of shares shall not be deemed to be materially adversely varied by the creation or issue of shares with preferred or other rights including, without limitation, the creation of shares with enhanced or weighted voting rights.

 

Issuance of Additional Shares. Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association authorize our board of directors to issue additional Ordinary Shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent out of available authorized but unissued Ordinary Shares.

 

Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association also authorize our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preferred shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series, including:

 

  the designation of the series;
     
  the number of shares of the series;

 

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  the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights; and
     
  the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences.

 

Our board of directors may issue preferred shares without action by our shareholders to the extent out of authorized but unissued preferred shares. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of Ordinary Shares.

 

Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our Ordinary Shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

 

Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of our post-offering memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:

 

authorize our board of directors to issue preferred shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preferred shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and
   
limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders.

 

However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our post-offering memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.

 

Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:

 

does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands;
   
is not required to open its register of members for inspection;
   
does not have to hold an annual general meeting;
   
 

may not issue negotiable or bearer shares, but may issue shares with no par value;

   
may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance);
   
may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;
   
may register as a limited duration company; and
   
may register as a segregated portfolio company.

 

“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).

 

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Differences in Corporate Law

 

The Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent English statutory enactments and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Act and the current Companies Act of England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.

 

Mergers and Similar Arrangements. The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (i) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (ii) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.

 

A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least ninety percent (90%) of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.

 

The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.

 

Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provided that the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.

 

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Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent three-fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

 

the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;
   
the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;
   
the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and
   
the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.

 

The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholders upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.

 

If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

 

Shareholders’ Suits. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge actions where:

 

a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires (and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholder);
   
the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained;
   
an act purports to abridge or abolish the individual rights of a shareholder; and
   
those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

 

In the case of a company (not being a bank) having its share capital divided into shares, the Grand Court may, on the application of members holding not less than one fifth of the shares of the company in issue, appoint an inspector to examine the affairs of the company and to report thereon in such manner as the Grand Court shall direct.

 

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association provide that that we shall indemnify our officers and directors against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such directors or officer, other than by reason of such person’s dishonesty, willful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.

 

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In addition, we expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our post-offering memorandum and articles of association.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

 

As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company — a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his position as director (unless the company permits him to do so), a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his personal interest or his duty to a third party, and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.

 

Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our post-offering memorandum and articles of association provide that our shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.

 

Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders; provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.

 

The Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association allow any one or more of our shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of the total number of votes attaching to all issued and the outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our post-offering memorandum and articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.

 

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Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our post-offering memorandum and articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.

 

Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our post-offering memorandum and articles of association, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. A director will also cease to be a director if he (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing; (iv) without special leave of absence from our board, is absent from meetings of our board for three consecutive meetings and our board resolves that his office be vacated; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provision of our articles of association.

 

Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

 

Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.

 

Dissolution; Winding up. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by the board of directors.

 

Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.

 

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Variation of Rights of Shares. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our post-offering memorandum and articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, the rights attached to any such class may, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class, only be materially adversely varied with the consent in writing of the holders of at least two-thirds (2/3) of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to the shares of that class, be deemed to be materially adversely varied by the creation, allotment or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with or subsequent to them or the redemption or purchase of any shares of any class by our company. The rights of the holders of shares shall not be deemed to be materially adversely varied by the creation or issue of shares with preferred or other rights including, without limitation, the creation of shares with enhanced or weighted voting rights.

 

Amendment of Governing Documents. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Companies Act and our post-offering memorandum and articles of association, our memorandum and articles of association may only be amended by a special resolution of our shareholders.

 

Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders. There are no limitations imposed by our post-offering memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our post-offering memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

 

History of Securities Issuances

 

The following is a summary of our securities issuances in the past three years.

 

Ordinary Shares

 

On October 18, 2024, the Company subdivided its authorized share capital to US$50,000 divided into 500,000,000 Ordinary Shares of nominal or par value of US$0.0001 each. On October 24, 2024, pursuant to a restructuring, we allotted and issued an aggregate of 32,499,990 Ordinary Shares to the shareholders of Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited in consideration of all their shares in Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited.

 

Other than the aforementioned issuance of securities and the issuance of securities in connection with the reorganization, we have not issued any securities in the past three years.

 

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Shares Eligible For Future Sale

 

Upon completion of this offering, we will have 35,100,000 Ordinary Shares outstanding, assuming the underwriters do not exercise its over-allotment option. All of the Ordinary Shares sold in this offering will be freely transferable by persons other than by our “affiliates” without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. Sales of substantial amounts of the Ordinary Shares in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of the Ordinary Shares. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares. We intend to apply to list the Ordinary Shares on NYSE American, but we cannot assure you that a regular trading market will develop in the Ordinary Shares. We do not expect that a trading market will develop for our Ordinary Shares.

 

Lock-up Agreements

 

We and each of our directors, executive officers and shareholders of 5% or more of our total outstanding Ordinary Shares as of the effective date of the Registration Statement (and all holders of securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of Ordinary Shares) have agreed, for a period of 6 months after the Offering is completed, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, encumber, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale, lend or otherwise dispose of, except in this offering, any of our Ordinary Shares or securities that are substantially similar to our Ordinary Shares, including but not limited to any options or warrants to purchase our Ordinary Shares or any securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, our Ordinary Shares or any such substantially similar securities (other than pursuant to employee stock option plans existing on, or upon the conversion or exchange of convertible or exchangeable securities outstanding as of, the date such lock-up agreement was executed), without the prior written consent of the underwriter.

 

The restrictions described in the preceding paragraphs will be automatically extended under certain circumstances. See “Underwriting.”

 

Other than this offering, we are not aware of any plans by any significant shareholders to dispose of significant numbers of the Ordinary Shares. However, one or more existing shareholders or owners of securities convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for the Ordinary Shares may dispose of significant numbers of the Ordinary Shares in the future. We cannot predict what effect, if any, future sales of the Ordinary Shares, or the availability of Ordinary Shares for future sale, will have on the trading price of the Ordinary Shares from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of the Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the trading price of the Ordinary Shares.

 

Rule 144

 

All of our Ordinary Shares that will be issued and outstanding upon the completion of this offering, other than those Ordinary Shares sold in this offering, are “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act and may be sold publicly in the United States only if they are subject to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirement such as those provided by Rule 144 and Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act. In general, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who at the time of a sale is not, and has not been during the three months preceding the sale, an affiliate of ours and has beneficially owned our restricted securities for at least six months will be entitled to sell the restricted securities without registration under the Securities Act, subject only to the availability of current public information about us, and will be entitled to sell restricted securities beneficially owned for at least one year without restriction. Persons who are our affiliates and have beneficially owned our restricted securities for at least six months may sell a number of restricted securities within any three-month period that does not exceed the greater of the following:

 

1% of the then issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares of the same class which immediately after the completion of this offering will equal Ordinary Shares, assuming the underwriters do not exercise its over-allotment option; or
   
the average weekly trading volume of our Ordinary Shares of the same class during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale is filed with the SEC.

 

Sales by our affiliates under Rule 144 are also subject to certain requirements relating to manner of sale, notice and the availability of current public information about us.

 

Rule 701

 

In general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act as currently in effect, each of our employees, consultants or advisors who purchases our Ordinary Shares from us in connection with a compensatory stock plan or other written agreement executed prior to the completion of this offering is eligible to resell those Ordinary Shares in reliance on Rule 144, but without compliance with some of the restrictions, including the holding period, contained in Rule 144. However, the Rule 701 shares would remain subject to lock-up arrangements and would only become eligible for sale when the lock-up period expires.

 

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Taxation

 

The following summary of the material Cayman Islands, Hong Kong and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Ordinary Shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this registration statement, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in the Ordinary Shares, such as the tax consequences under U.S. state and local tax laws or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong and the United States. To the extent that the discussion relates to matters of Cayman Islands tax law, it represents the opinion of Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP, our Cayman Islands counsel.

 

Cayman Islands Taxation

 

The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is a party to a double tax treaty entered with the United Kingdom in 2010 but is otherwise not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.

 

Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.

 

No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands in respect of the issue of our Ordinary Shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of our Ordinary Shares except those which hold interests in land in the Cayman Islands and so long as the instrument of transfer is not executed in, brought to, or produced before a court of the Cayman Islands.

 

Hong Kong Profits Taxation

 

Our subsidiary, SCS, is a Hong Kong entity subject to the two-tier profit tax rates system according to Hong Kong tax rules and regulations.

 

The two-tier profits tax rates system was introduced under the Inland Revenue (Amendment)(No.3) Ordinance 2018 (the “Ordinance”) of Hong Kong became effective for the assessment year 2018/2019. Under the two-tier profit tax rates regime, the profits tax rate for the first HKD 2 million of assessable profits of a corporation will be subject to the lowered tax rate, 8.25% while the remaining assessable profits will be subject to the legacy tax rate, 16.5%. The Ordinance only allows one entity within a group of “connected entities” is eligible for the two-tier tax rate benefit. An entity is a connected entity of another entity if (1) one of them has control over the other; (2) both of them are under the control (more than 50% of the issued share capital, voting rights or profits) of the same entity; (3) in the case of the first entity being a natural person carrying on a sole proprietorship business the other entity is the same person carrying on another sole proprietorship business. Under the Ordinance, it is an entity’s election to nominate an entity that will be subject to the two-tier profits tax rate on its Profits Tax Return. The election is irrevocable.

 

SCS elected the two-tier profits tax rate for its tax years of 2023/2024 and 2024/2025.

 

Under Hong Kong tax laws, our Hong Kong subsidiary is exempted from Hong Kong income tax on its foreign-derived income. In addition, payments of dividends from our Hong Kong subsidiary to us are not subject to any withholding tax in Hong Kong. See “Dividend Policy” for further details on our dividend policy.

 

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United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

 

The following discussion is a summary of U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of the Ordinary Shares by a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that acquires the Ordinary Shares in this offering and holds the Ordinary Shares as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the Section 1221 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This discussion is based upon existing U.S. federal income tax laws, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. There can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion, moreover, does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift, Medicare, and alternative minimum tax considerations, or any state, local and non-U.S. tax considerations, relating to the ownership or disposition of the Ordinary Shares. The following summary does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances or to persons in special tax situations such as:

 

banks and other financial institutions;

 

insurance companies;

 

pension plans;

 

cooperatives;

 

regulated investment companies;

 

real estate investment trusts;

 

broker-dealers;

 

traders that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting;

 

certain former U.S. citizens or long-term residents;

 

tax-exempt entities (including private foundations);

 

holders who acquire their Ordinary Shares pursuant to any employee share option or otherwise as compensation;

 

investors that will hold their Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar;

 

persons holding their Ordinary Shares in connection with a trade or business conducted outside the United States;

 

persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our stock (by vote or value); or

 

partnerships or other entities taxable as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or persons holding the Ordinary Shares through such entities,

 

all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those discussed below.

 

Each U.S. Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the application of U.S. federal taxation to its particular circumstances, and the state, local, non-U.S. and other tax considerations of the ownership and disposition of the Ordinary Shares.

 

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General

 

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of the Ordinary Shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created in or organized under the law of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or

 

a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more U.S. persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has otherwise validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person under the Code.

 

If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding the Ordinary Shares and their partners are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in the Ordinary Shares.

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder of Ordinary Shares will generally be treated as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares represented by the Ordinary Shares. The remainder of this discussion assumes that a U.S. Holder of the Ordinary Shares will be treated in this manner. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of Ordinary Shares will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations

 

A non-U.S. corporation, such as our company, will be a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, if either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce, or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, cash and assets readily convertible into cash are generally categorized as a passive asset and the company’s goodwill and other unbooked intangibles are taken into account. Passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the assets and earning a proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.

 

Based upon our current and projected income and assets, including the expected proceeds from this offering, and projections as to the value of our assets (which are based on the expected market price of the Ordinary Shares immediately following this offering), we do not expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future. However, no assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC is a factual determination made annually that will depend, in part, upon the future composition of our income and assets. Fluctuations in the market price of the Ordinary Shares may cause us to be or become a PFIC for the current or future taxable years because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and unbooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market price of the Ordinary Shares from time to time (which may be volatile). In estimating the value of our goodwill and other unbooked intangibles, we have taken into account our anticipated market capitalization immediately following the close of this offering. Among other matters, if our market capitalization is less than anticipated or subsequently declines, we may be or become a PFIC for the current or future taxable years. The composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in this offering. Under circumstances where our revenue from activities that produce passive income significantly increases relative to our revenue from activities that produce non-passive income, or where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of being or becoming a PFIC may substantially increase. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules, and because our PFIC status is an annual factual determination, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.

 

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If we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares.

 

The discussion below under “— Dividends” and “— Sale or Other Disposition” is written on the basis that we will not be or become a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply generally if we are treated as a PFIC are discussed below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

 

Dividends

 

Any cash distributions paid on the Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any Hong Kong tax withheld) out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, will generally be includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Ordinary Shares. Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles, any distribution we pay will generally be treated as a “dividend” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received on the Ordinary Shares will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from U.S. corporations.

 

Individuals and other non-corporate U.S. Holders will be subject to tax at the lower capital gain tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income”; provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including that (1) the Ordinary Shares on which the dividends are paid are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, (2) we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to a U.S. Holder (as discussed below) for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid and the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period and other requirements are met.

 

For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid on the Ordinary Shares generally will be treated as income from foreign sources and generally will constitute passive category income. A U.S. Holder who does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for foreign tax withheld may instead claim a deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in respect of such withholding, but only for a year in which such holder elects to do so for all creditable foreign income taxes. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.

 

Sale or Other Disposition

 

A U.S. Holder will generally recognize gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the disposition and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such Ordinary Shares. The gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. Any capital gain or loss will be long term if the Ordinary Shares have been held for more than one year. The deductibility of a capital loss may be subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that the U.S. Holder recognizes will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes, which may limit the availability of foreign tax credits. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the tax consequences if a foreign tax is imposed on a disposition of the Ordinary Shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under its particular circumstances.

 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

 

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, and unless the U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election (as described below), the U.S. Holder will generally be subject to special tax rules on (i) any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder (which generally means any distribution paid during a taxable year to a U.S. Holder that is greater than 125 percent of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Ordinary Shares), and (ii) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition including, under certain circumstances, a pledge, of Ordinary Shares. Under the PFIC rules:

 

the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Ordinary Shares;

 

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the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable years in the U.S. Holder’s holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we are a PFIC (each, a “pre-PFIC year”) will be taxable as ordinary income; and
   
the amount allocated to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year, will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that year, increased by an additional tax equal to the interest on the resulting tax deemed deferred with respect to each such taxable year.

 

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, and any of our subsidiaries is also a PFIC (a “lower-tier PFIC”), such U.S. Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.

 

U.S. Holder that holds stock in a non-U.S. corporation during any taxable year in which the corporation is treated as a PFIC is subject to special tax rules with respect to (a) any gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the stock and (b) any “excess distribution” by the corporation to the holder, unless the holder elects to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”) or makes a “mark-to-market” election, each as discussed below. An “excess distribution” is that portion of a distribution with respect to PFIC stock that exceeds 125% of the average of such distributions over the preceding three-year period or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for its Ordinary Shares. Excess distributions and gains on the sale, exchange or other disposition of stock of a corporation which was a PFIC at any time during the U.S. Holder’s holding period are allocated ratably to each day of the U.S. Holder’s holding period. Amounts allocated to the taxable year in which the disposition occurs and amounts allocated to any period in the shareholder’s holding period before the first day of the first taxable year that the corporation was a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income (rather than capital gain) earned in the taxable year of the disposition. Amounts allocated to each of the other taxable years in the U.S. Holder’s holding period are not included in gross income for the year of the disposition, but are subject to a tax (equal to the highest ordinary income tax rates in effect for those years, and increased by an interest charge at the rate applicable to income tax deficiencies) that is added to the tax otherwise due for the taxable year in which the disposition occurs. The tax liability for amounts allocated to years before the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the Equity Shares cannot be treated as capital, even if a U.S. Holder held such Equity Shares as capital assets. The preferential U.S. federal income tax rates for dividends and long-term capital gain of individual U.S. Holders (as well as certain trusts and estates) would not apply, and special rates would apply for calculating the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions.

 

If a corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds Ordinary Shares in the corporation, then the corporation generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to the holder’s Ordinary Shares, even if the corporation no longer satisfies either the passive income or passive asset tests described above, unless the U.S. Holder terminates this deemed PFIC status by electing to recognize gain, which will be taxed under the excess distribution rules as if such Ordinary Shares had been sold on the last day of the last taxable year for which the corporation was a PFIC.

 

The excess distribution rules may be avoided if a U.S. Holder makes a QEF election effective beginning with the first taxable year in the holder’s holding period in which the corporation is a PFIC. A U.S. Holder that makes a QEF election is required to include in income its pro rata share of the PFIC’s ordinary earnings and net capital gain as ordinary income and long-term capital gain, respectively, subject to a separate election to defer payment of taxes, which deferral is subject to an interest charge. A U.S. Holder whose QEF election is effective after the first taxable year during the holder’s holding period in which the corporation is a PFIC will continue to be subject to the excess distribution rules for years beginning with such first taxable year for which the QEF election is effective.

 

In general, a U.S. Holder makes a QEF election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621 to a timely filed (taking into account any extensions) U.S. federal income tax return for the year beginning with which the QEF election is to be effective. In certain circumstances, a U.S. Holder may be able to make a retroactive QEF election. A QEF election can be revoked only with the consent of the IRS. In order for a U.S. Holder to make a valid QEF election, the corporation must annually provide or make available to the holder certain information. We do not intend to provide to U.S. Holders the information required to make a valid QEF election and we currently make no undertaking to provide such information. Accordingly, it is currently anticipated that a U.S. Holder will not be able to avoid the special tax rules described above by making the QEF election.

 

As an alternative to making a QEF election, a U.S. Holder may make a “mark-to-market” election with respect to its PFIC shares if the shares meet certain minimum trading requirements. If a U.S. Holder makes this election with respect to the Ordinary Shares, the holder will generally (i) include as ordinary income for each taxable year that we are a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of Ordinary Shares held at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such Ordinary Shares and (ii) deduct as an ordinary loss the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the Ordinary Shares over the fair market value of such Ordinary Shares held at the end of the taxable year, but such deduction will only be allowed to the extent of the amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Ordinary Shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting from the mark-to-market election. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election in respect of the Ordinary Shares and we cease to be a PFIC, the holder will not be required to take into account the gain or loss described above during any period that we are not a PFIC. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election, any gain such U.S. Holder recognizes upon the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares in a year when we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but such loss will only be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.

 

The mark-to-market election applies to the taxable year for which the election is made and all subsequent taxable years, unless the Ordinary Shares cease to meet applicable trading requirements (described below) or the IRS consents to its revocation. The excess distribution rules generally do not apply to a U.S. Holder for tax years for which a mark-to-market election is in effect. However, if a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election for PFIC stock after the beginning of the holder’s holding period for the stock, a coordination rule applies to ensure that the holder does not avoid the tax and interest charge with respect to amounts attributable to periods before the election.

 

A mark-to-market election is available only if the Ordinary Shares are considered “marketable” for these purposes. Shares will be marketable if they are regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or on a non-U.S. exchange or market that the IRS determines has rules sufficient to ensure that the market price represents a legitimate and sound fair market value. For these purposes, Ordinary Shares will be considered regularly traded during any calendar year during which they are traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. Any trades that have as their principal purpose meeting this requirement will be disregarded. Each U.S. Holder should ask its own tax advisor whether a mark-to-market election is available or desirable

 

Because a mark-to-market election cannot technically be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect to such U.S. Holder’s indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

If a U.S. Holder owns the Ordinary Shares during any taxable year that we are a PFIC, the holder must generally file an annual IRS Form 8621. A U.S. Holder must also provide such other information as may be required by the U.S. Treasury Department if the U.S. Holder (i) receives certain direct or indirect distributions from a PFIC, (ii) recognizes gain on a direct or indirect disposition of PFIC stock, or (iii) makes certain elections (including a QEF election or a mark-to-market election) reportable on IRS Form 8621. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the Ordinary Shares if we are or become a PFIC.

 

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Underwriting

 

We will enter into an underwriting agreement with Maxim Group, LLC (“Maxim”, or “Representative”) to act as the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, the underwriter named below has agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to them, the number of our Ordinary Shares at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and as indicated below:

 

Name  Number of Shares 
Maxim Group, LLC   2,600,000 
Total   2,600,000

 

 

The underwriter is offering the shares subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriter to pay for and accept delivery of the shares offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriter is obligated to take and pay for all of the shares offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriter is not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriters’ over-allotment option described below.

 

We have granted to the Representative an option, exercisable for 45 days from the closing of the Offering, to purchase up to an additional 390,000 Ordinary Shares at the initial public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The option may be exercised in whole or in part, and may be exercised more than once, during the 45-day option period. The underwriter may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering contemplated by this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase the same percentage of the additional shares as the number listed next to the underwriter’s name in the preceding table bears to the total number of shares listed next to the names of all underwriter in the preceding table.

 

The underwriter will offer the shares to the public at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers at that price less a concession. After this offering, the initial public offering price, concession and reallowance to dealers may be reduced by the representative. No such reduction shall change the amount of proceeds to be received by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The securities are offered by the underwriter as stated herein, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and subject to their right to reject any order in whole or in part. The underwriter has informed us that it does not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

 

Commissions and Expenses

 

The underwriting discounts and commissions are equal to 7.5% of the initial public offering price.

 

The following table shows the price per share and total initial public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions, and proceeds before expenses to us. The total amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.

 

       Total 
   Per Share   No Exercise of
Over-allotment
Option
   Full Exercise of
Over-allotment
Option
 
Initial public offering price(1)  $4.25   $11,050,000   $12,707,500 
                
Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by us  $0.31875   $828,750   $953,062.5 
                
Proceeds, before expenses, to us  $3.93125   $10,221,250   $11,754,437.5 

 

(1) Initial public offering price per share is assumed at US$4.25, which is the mid point of the range set forth on the cover page of the prospectus.

 

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We have agreed to reimburse the Representative up to a maximum of $175,000 for out-of-pocket accountable expenses (including the legal fees and other disbursements as disclosed below).

 

We have agreed to pay all expenses relating to the offering, including, but not limited to, (i) all filing fees and communication expenses relating to the registration of the shares to be sold in this offering (including the Over-allotment Shares with the SEC and the filing of the offering materials with FINRA; (ii) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of such Shares on such stock exchange as we and Maxim together determine; (iii) all reasonable fees, expenses and disbursements relating to background checks of the Company’s officers and directors; (iv) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of such Shares under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions as Maxim may reasonably designate (including, without limitation, all filing and registration fees, and the fees and disbursements of Maxim’s counsel for such counsel’s participation in the “blue sky’ and stock exchange listing process); (v) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting documents (including the Underwriting Agreement, any Blue Sky Surveys and, if appropriate, any Agreement Among Underwriters, Selected Dealers’ Agreement, Underwriters’ Questionnaire and Power of Attorney), registration statements, prospectuses and all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto and as many preliminary and final Prospectuses as Maxim may reasonably deem necessary; (vi) the costs and expenses of the public relations firm; (vii) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering certificates representing such Shares; fees and expenses of the transfer agent for such Shares; (viii) stock transfer taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of securities from the Company to Maxim; (ix) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants and other agents and representatives. (x) all legal fees, costs and expenses in connection with the Offering, up to $175,000 in the event of a Closing of the Offering, and a maximum of $87,500 in the event that there is not a Closing of the Offering. We have delivered to Maxim an amount of $50,000 as an advance against reasonably anticipated out-of-pocket expenses, such advance will be reimbursed to the issuer to the extent not actually incurred, in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A).

 

We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $ million, including a maximum aggregate reimbursement of $175,000 of the representative’s out-of-pocket expenses allowance.

 

The address of the representative is 300 Park Avenue, 16th Floor, New York, NY 10022.

 

Representative’s Warrants

 

In addition, we have agreed to issue the Representative’s warrants to the Representative to purchase up to an aggregate number of Ordinary Shares equal to 5% of the total number of Ordinary Shares sold in this Offering, including any shares issued pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. Such warrants shall have an exercise price equal to 110% of the initial public offering price of the Ordinary Shares sold in this offering. The representative’s warrants may be purchased in cash or via cashless exercise, will be non-exercisable for six (6) months from the effective date of the Registration Statement of which this prospectus forms a part and will terminate on the fifth anniversary of the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The representative’s warrants and the underlying shares will be deemed compensation by FINRA, and therefore will be subject to FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1). In accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1), and except as otherwise permitted by FINRA rules, neither the representative’s warrants nor any of our shares issued upon exercise of the representative’s warrants may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities by any person, for a period of 18 months immediately following closing of this offering. In addition, we shall register the shares underlying the Representative’s Warrants under the Act and shall file all necessary undertakings in connection therewith. The Representative’s Warrants may be exercised as to all or a lesser number of Ordinary Shares, will provide for cashless exercise at all times and will contain provisions for one demand registration of the sale of the underlying Ordinary Shares at the Company’s expense, an additional demand registration at the warrant holders’ expense, and unlimited “piggyback” registration rights for a period of five years after the Closing at the Company’s expense, in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(G)(v).

 

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We will bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the Ordinary Shares underlying the representative’s warrants, other than any underwriting commissions incurred and payable by the warrant holders. The exercise price and number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including in the event of a stock dividend, extraordinary cash dividend or our recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. The warrant exercise price and/or underlying shares may also be adjusted for issuances of Ordinary Shares at a price below the warrant exercise price.

 

Right of First Refusal

 

We have agreed that for a period of twelve (12) months from the closing of this offering, the Representative will have a right of first refusal to act as sole managing underwriter and sole book runner, sole placement agent, or sole sales agent, for any and all future public or private equity, equity-linked or debt (excluding commercial bank debt) offerings for which the Company retains the service of an underwriter, agent, advisor, finder or other person or entity in connection with such offering during such twelve (12) month period of the Company, or any successor to or any subsidiary of the Company. The Company shall not offer to retain any entity or person in connection with any such offering on terms more favorable than terms on which it offers to retain Maxim; provided, however, that such right shall be subject to FINRA Rule 5110(g)(5)(B). In connection with such right, we have agreed to furnish the Representative with the terms and conditions of any financing and/or bona fide proposed private or public sale of securities to be made by us and/or any of our subsidiaries, and the name and address of such person, entity, or representative.

 

In addition, we have agreed, until the closing of the Offering, not to negotiate with any other broker-dealer relating to a possible private and/or public offering of our securities without the written consent of the representative. We further have agreed that if the Company determines that it shall proceed with an alternative offering (registered or unregistered) of its equity securities or reverse merger (“Alternative Transaction”), then Maxim’s exclusivity as set forth in this engagement letter shall still apply, and Maxim shall act as the Company’s exclusive underwriter, agent or advisor with respect to such Alternative Transaction.

 

Indemnification

 

We have agreed to indemnify the Representative against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement, or to contribute to payments that the underwriter may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

 

Lock-Up Agreements

 

We, our officers, directors and shareholders of five percent (5.0)% or more of the outstanding shares of the ordinary shares of the Company as of the effective date of the Registration Statement have agreed to a six-month lock-up period after the Offering is completed with respect to the ordinary shares that they beneficially own, including the issuance of shares upon the exercise of convertible securities and options that may be currently outstanding or which may be issued. This means that, for a period of six months after the Offering is completed, such persons may not offer, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale, pledge or otherwise dispose of these securities without the prior written consent of the representative.

 

The Representative has no present intention to waive or shorten the lock-up period; however, the terms of the lock-up agreements may be waived at its discretion. In determining whether to waive the terms of the lock-up agreements, the representative may base its decision on its assessment of the relative strengths of the securities markets and companies similar to ours in general, and the trading pattern of, and demand for, our securities in general.

 

108
 

 

Listing

 

We have applied to list our Ordinary Shares on the NYSE American under the symbol “CHOW”. We make no representation that such application will be approved or that our Ordinary Shares will trade on such market either now or at any time in the future. However, we will not complete this offering unless we are so listed.

 

Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution

 

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the underwriters or selling group members, if any, or by their affiliates, and the underwriters may distribute prospectus electronically. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of Ordinary Shares to selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. The Ordinary Shares to be sold pursuant to internet distributions will be allocated on the same basis as other allocations. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on, or that can be accessed through, these websites and any information contained in any other website maintained by these entities is not part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the underwriters, and should not be relied upon by investors.

 

In connection with this offering, certain of the underwriters or securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means, such as e-mail.

 

Passive Market Making

 

Any underwriter who is a qualified market maker on NYSE American may engage in passive market making transactions on NYSE American, in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during a period before the commencement of offers or sales of the shares and extending through the completion of the distribution. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as a passive market maker. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security. If all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.

 

Pricing of this Offering

 

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our Ordinary Shares. The initial public offering price for our Ordinary Shares will be determined through negotiations between us and the representative. Among the factors to be considered in these negotiations will be prevailing market conditions, our financial information, market valuations of other companies that we and the representative believe to be comparable to us, estimate of our business potential and earning prospects, the present state of our development and other factors deemed relevant. The initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares in this offering does not necessarily bear any direct relationship to the assets, operations, book or other established criteria of value of our company.

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

The underwriter and its affiliates may, from time to time, engage in transactions with and perform services for us in the ordinary course of their business for which they may receive customary fees and reimbursement of expenses. In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriter and its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own accounts and for the accounts of their customers and such investment and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of our Company. The underwriter and its affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments. 

 

109
 

 

No Sales of Similar Securities

 

We have agreed not to offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Ordinary Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares or enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our Ordinary Shares, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of ordinary shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the representative, for a period of 180 days from the date of this prospectus.

 

Selling Restrictions

 

Other than in the United States, no action may be taken, and no action has been taken, by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the Ordinary Shares offered by, or the possession, circulation or distribution of, this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such shares be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

 

In addition to the offering of the Ordinary Shares in the United States, the underwriters may, subject to applicable foreign laws, also offer the Ordinary Shares in certain countries.

 

Stamp Taxes

 

If you purchase Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus, you may be required to pay stamp taxes and other charges under the laws and practices of the country of purchase, in addition to the initial public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus.

 

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

 

Until the distribution of the Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus is completed, rules of the SEC may limit the ability of the Underwriter to bid for and to purchase our Ordinary Shares. As an exception to these rules, the Underwriter may engage in transactions effected in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act that are intended to stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our Ordinary Shares. The Underwriter may engage in over-allotment sales, syndicate covering transactions, stabilizing transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M.

 

  Stabilizing transactions consist of bids or purchases made by the managing underwriter for the purpose of preventing or slowing a decline in the market price of our securities while this offering is in progress.
     
  Short sales and over-allotments occur when the managing underwriter, on behalf of the underwriting syndicate, sells more of our shares than they purchase from us in this offering. In order to cover the resulting short position, the managing underwriter may exercise the overallotment option described above and/or may engage in syndicate covering transactions. There is no contractual limit on the size of any syndicate covering transaction. The Underwriter will deliver a prospectus in connection with any such short sales. Purchasers of shares sold short by the Underwriter is entitled to the same remedies under the federal securities laws as any other purchaser of units covered by the registration statement.
     
  Syndicate covering transactions are bids for or purchases of our securities on the open market by the managing underwriter on behalf of the Underwriter in order to reduce a short position incurred by the managing underwriter on behalf of the Underwriter.
     
  A penalty bid is an arrangement permitting the managing underwriter to reclaim the selling concession that would otherwise accrue to an underwriter if the Ordinary Shares originally sold by the underwriter were later repurchased by the managing underwriter and therefore were not effectively sold to the public by such underwriter.

 

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Stabilization, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our Ordinary Shares or preventing or delaying a decline in the market price of our Ordinary Shares. As a result, the price of our Ordinary Shares may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market.

 

Neither we nor the Underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the prices of our Ordinary Shares. These transactions may occur on NYSE American or on any trading market. If any of these transactions are commenced, they may be discontinued without notice at any time.

 

Offer Restrictions Outside the United States

 

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

 

Cayman Islands

 

This prospectus does not constitute a public offer of the Ordinary Shares, whether by way of sale or subscription, in the Cayman Islands. Each underwriter has represented and agreed that it has not offered or sold, and will not offer or sell, directly or indirectly, any Ordinary Shares to any member of the public in the Cayman Islands. 

 

China

 

This prospectus has not been and will not be circulated or distributed in the PRC and the shares may not be offered or sold to any person for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, to any resident of the PRC except pursuant to applicable laws and regulations of the PRC. For the purpose of this section only, the PRC does not include Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau. This prospectus has not been nor will it be approved by or registered with the relevant Chinese governmental authorities, and it does not constitute nor is it intended to constitute an offer of securities within the meaning prescribed under the PRC securities law or other laws and regulations of the PRC. Accordingly, this prospectus shall not be offered or made available, nor may the Ordinary Shares be marketed or offered for sale to the general public, directly or indirectly, in the PRC. The Ordinary Shares shall only be offered or sold to PRC investors that are authorized or qualified to be engaged in the purchase of the Ordinary Shares being offered. Potential investors in the PRC are responsible for obtaining all the relevant regulatory approvals/licenses from the Chinese government by themselves, including, without limitation, those that may be required from the state administration of foreign exchange, the China banking regulatory commission, the ministry of commerce and the national development and reform commission, where appropriate, and for complying with all the relevant PRC laws and regulations in subscribing for Ordinary Shares.

 

European Economic Area

 

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area that has implemented the Prospectus Directive, or a Relevant Member State, from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State, or the Relevant Implementation Date, an offer of the shares to the public may not be made in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares that has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and the competent authority in that Relevant Member State has been notified, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of the shares to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time,

 

  to legal entities that are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;
  to any legal entity that has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year, (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000, and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;
  to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive; or
  in any other circumstances that do not require the publication by the company of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive;

 

provided that no such offer of shares shall result in a requirement for the publication by the company of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

 

111
 

 

For purposes of the above provision, the expression “an offer of ADSs to the public” in relation to any shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the shares, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.

 

France

 

Neither this prospectus nor any other offering material relating to the shares described in this prospectus has been submitted to the clearance procedures of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers or of the competent authority of another member state of the European Economic Area and notified to the Autorité des Marchés Financiers. The shares have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France. Neither this prospectus nor any other offering material relating to the shares has been or will be (1) released, issued, distributed or caused to be released, issued or distributed to the public in France; or (2) used in connection with any offer for subscription or sale of the shares to the public in France.

 

Such offers, sales and distributions will be made in France only:

 

  (a) to qualified investors (investisseurs estraint) and/or to a restricted circle of investors (cercle estraint d’investisseurs), in each case investing for their own account, all as defined in, and in accordance with, articles L.411-2, D.411-1, D.411-2, D.734-1, D.744-1, D.754-1 and D.764-1of the French Code monétaire et financier;

 

  (b) to investment services providers authorized to engage in portfolio management on behalf of third parties; or

 

  (c) in a transaction that, in accordance with article L.411-2-II-1° -or-2° -or 3° of the French Code monétaire et financier and article 211-2 of the General Regulations (Réglement Général) of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers, does not constitute a public offer (appel public á l’épargne).

 

The shares may be resold directly or indirectly, only in compliance with articles L.411-1, L.411-2, L412-1 and L.621-8 through L.621-8-3 of the French Code monétaire et financier.

 

Hong Kong

 

These securities have not been delivered for registration to the registrar of companies in Hong Kong and, accordingly, must not be issued, circulated or distributed in Hong Kong other than to persons whose ordinary business it is to buy or sell shares or debentures, whether as principal or agent, within the meaning of the Hong Kong companies ordinance (the “ordinance”) or in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public for the purposes of the ordinance. Unless permitted by the securities laws of Hong Kong, no person may issue or cause to be issued in Hong Kong these securities or any or other invitation, advertisement or document relating to the securities to anyone other than a person whose business involves the acquisition, disposal or holding of securities, whether as principal or agent.

 

Japan

 

The Ordinary Shares have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan, and Ordinary Shares will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to a resident of Japan, except pursuant to any exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan.

 

112
 

 

Korea

 

The shares have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Investments Services and Capital Markets Act of Korea and the decrees and regulations thereunder (the “FSCMA”), and the shares have been and will be offered in Korea as a private placement under the FSCMA. None of the shares may be offered, sold or delivered directly or indirectly, or offered or sold to any person for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Korea or to any resident of Korea except pursuant to the applicable laws and regulations of Korea, including the FSCMA and the Foreign Exchange Transaction Law of Korea and the decrees and regulations thereunder (the “FETL”). Furthermore, the purchaser of the shares shall comply with all applicable regulatory requirements (including but not limited to requirements under the FETL) in connection with the purchase of the shares. By the purchase of the shares, the relevant holder thereof will be deemed to represent and warrant that if it is in Korea or is a resident of Korea, it purchased the shares pursuant to the applicable laws and regulations of Korea.

 

Malaysia

 

No prospectus or other offering material or document in connection with the offer and sale of the shares has been or will be registered with the Securities Commission of Malaysia (“Commission”) for the Commission’s approval pursuant to the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the shares be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Malaysia other than (i) a closed end fund approved by the Commission; (ii) a holder of a Capital Markets Services License; (iii) a person who acquires the shares, as principal, if the offer is on terms that the shares may only be acquired at a consideration of not less than RM250,000 (or its equivalent in foreign currencies) for each transaction; (iv) an individual whose total net personal assets or total net joint assets with his or her spouse exceeds RM3 million (or its equivalent in foreign currencies), excluding the value of the primary residence of the individual; (v) an individual who has a gross annual income exceeding RM300,000 (or its equivalent in foreign currencies) per annum in the preceding 12 months; (vi) an individual who, jointly with his or her spouse, has a gross annual income of RM400,000 (or its equivalent in foreign currencies), per annum in the preceding 12 months; (vii) a corporation with total net assets exceeding RM10 million (or its equivalent in a foreign currencies) based on the last audited accounts; (viii) a partnership with total net assets exceeding RM10 million (or its equivalent in foreign currencies); (ix) a bank licensee or insurance licensee as defined in the Labuan Financial Services and Securities Act 2010; (x) an Islamic bank licensee or takaful licensee as defined in the Labuan Financial Services and Securities Act 2010; and (xi) any other person as may be specified by the Commission; provided that, in the each of the preceding categories (i) to (xi), the distribution of the shares is made by a holder of a Capital Markets Services License who carries on the business of dealing in securities. The distribution in Malaysia of this prospectus is subject to Malaysian laws. This prospectus does not constitute and may not be used for the purpose of public offering or an issue, offer for subscription or purchase, invitation to subscribe for or purchase any securities requiring the registration of a prospectus with the Commission under the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007.

 

Singapore

 

This Registration Statement has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this Registration Statement and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the securities may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the securities be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act 2001 of Singapore (the “SFA”), (ii) to a relevant person pursuant to Section 275(1), or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA, in each case subject to compliance with conditions set forth in the SFA.

 

Taiwan

 

The Ordinary Shares have not been and will not be registered or filed with, or approved by, the Financial Supervisory Commission of Taiwan pursuant to relevant securities laws and regulations and may not be offered or sold in Taiwan through a public offering or in circumstances which constitute an offer within the meaning of the Securities and Exchange Act of Taiwan or relevant laws and regulations that require a registration, filing or approval of the Financial Supervisory Commission of Taiwan. No person or entity in Taiwan has been authorized to offer or sell the Ordinary Shares in Taiwan.

 

United Kingdom

 

An offer of the shares may not be made to the public in the United Kingdom within the meaning of Section 102B of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended, or the FSMA, except to legal entities that are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities or otherwise in circumstances that do not require the publication by the company of a prospectus pursuant to the Prospectus Rules of the Financial Services Authority, or the FSA.

 

An invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of FSMA) may only be communicated to persons who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 or in circumstances in which Section 21 of FSMA does not apply to the company.

 

All applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by the underwriters in relation to the shares must be complied with in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

 

113
 

 

Expenses Related To This Offering

 

Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, which are expected to be incurred in connection with the offer and sale of the Ordinary Shares by us. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, the NYSE American listing fee and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) filing fee, all amounts are estimates.

 

SEC registration fee  US$4,000 
NYSE American listing fee   5,000 
FINRA filing fee   2,173 
Printing and engraving expenses   20,000 
Legal fees and expenses   412,303 
Accounting fees and expenses   955,648 
Miscellaneous   

395,000

 
Total  US$

1,794,124

 

 

114
 

 

Legal Matters

 

We are being represented by Sidley Austin LLP with respect to certain legal matters as to United States federal securities law. Certain legal matters as to U.S. federal law in connection with this Offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Pryor Cashman LLP, New York, New York. The validity of the Ordinary Shares offered in this offering will be passed upon for us by Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP. Sidley Austin LLP may rely upon Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP with respect to matters governed by Cayman Islands law.

 

115
 

 

Experts

 

The financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 and the related financial statement schedule included in this prospectus have been audited by Assentsure PAC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein. Such financial statements and financial statement schedule are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

The office of Assentsure PAC is located at 180B Bencoolen Street, #03-01 The Bencoolen, Singapore 189648.

 

116
 

 

Where You Can Find Additional Information

 

We have filed a registration statement, including relevant exhibits and schedules, with the SEC on Form F-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the underlying Ordinary Shares to be sold in this offering. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement on Form F-1, does not contain all of the information contained in the registration statement. You should read our registration statements and their exhibits and schedules for further information with respect to us and the Ordinary Shares.

 

Immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form F-1 of which this prospectus forms a part, we will become subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. All information filed with the SEC can be obtained over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC.

 

117
 

 

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To: The Shareholders and the Board of Directors of ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positions of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/Assentsure PAC

 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024

Singapore

May 28, 2025

PCAOB ID Number: 6783

 

F-1
 

 

CHOWCHOW CLOUD INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2024

 

       As of December 31,  
   Notes    2023    2024    2024  
       HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
ASSETS                     
Current assets:                     
Cash and cash equivalents          9,873,451      10,522,032      1,348,978  
Accounts receivable, net     4      15,685,215      17,666,579      2,264,946  
Unbilled receivables (Contract assets)     5      1,964,662      2,609,173      334,509  
Prepayment and other current assets, net     6      11,597,170      11,308,236      1,449,774  
Deferred offering costs          -      2,820,149      361,558  
Amount due from related parties - trade     7      78,040      28,575      3,663  
Total current assets          39,198,538      44,954,744      5,763,428  
                     
Non-current assets:                     
Other non-current assets, net     6      122,412      122,412      15,694  
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net     8      443,423      218,130      27,965  
Property and equipment, net     9      52,496      42,597      5,461  
Intangible asset, net     10      1,828,045      2,344,427      300,567  
Total non-current assets          2,446,376      2,727,566      349,687  
Total assets          41,644,914      47,682,310      6,113,115  
                     
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY                     
Current liabilities:                     
Accounts payable     11      7,079,837      4,546,960      582,944  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities     12      1,523,672      838,811      107,540  
Amount due to related parties – non-trade     7      9,008,664      678,915      87,040  
Tax payable          2,775,406      4,821,619      618,156  
Deferred revenue (Contract liabilities)     5      18,575,792      17,401,218      2,230,925  
Operating lease liabilities, current portion     8      225,293      218,130      27,965  
Bank borrowings, current portion     14      -      284,404      36,462  
Total current liabilities          39,188,664      28,790,057      3,691,032  
                     
Non-current liabilities:                     
Deferred revenue (Contract liabilities)     5      10,000      -      -  
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion     8      218,130      -      -  
Deferred tax liabilities     13      226,467      227,530      29,170  
Bank borrowings, non-current portion     14      -      4,715,596      604,564  
Total non-current liabilities          454,597      4,943,126      633,734  
Total liabilities          39,643,261      33,733,183      4,324,766  
                     
Shareholders’ equity:                     
Ordinary share, par value US$0.0001, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 32,500,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 2024*     15      -      25,350      3,250  
Additional paid in capital          780      -      -  
Capital reserve          3,200,000      3,200,000      410,256  
Merger reserve          (2,700,000 )     (2,647,350 )     (339,404 )
Retained earnings          1,500,873      13,371,127      1,714,247  
Total shareholders’ equity          2,001,653      13,949,127      1,788,349  
Total liabilities and equity          41,644,914      47,682,310      6,113,115  

 

* Retroactively presented for the effect of reorganization for the Company’s initial public offering (Note 1)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-2
 

 

CHOWCHOW CLOUD INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2024

 

       For the Years Ended December 31,  
   Notes    2023    2024    2024  
       HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Revenues:                 
- Revenue from Products     2(m)      134,379,507      172,472,482      22,111,856  
- Revenue from Services     2(m)      6,992,851      9,357,644      1,199,698  
Total revenues          141,372,358      181,830,126      23,311,554  
Cost of revenues:                     
- Cost of Products     2(n)      (118,494,715 )     (150,198,437 )     (19,256,210 )
- Cost of Services     2(n)      (2,968,143 )     (6,377,354 )     (817,609 )
Total cost of revenues          (121,462,858 )     (156,575,791 )     (20,073,819 )
Gross profit          19,909,500      25,254,335      3,237,735  
                     
Operating expenses:                     
Selling and marketing expenses          (1,024,598 )     (2,776,713 )     (355,988 )
General and administrative expenses          (4,989,693 )     (8,527,081 )     (1,093,215 )
Total operating expenses          (6,014,291 )     (11,303,794 )     (1,449,203 )
                     
Operating income          13,895,209      13,950,541      1,788,532  
                     
Interest income, net          13,838      47,591      6,101  
Interest expense, net          -      (100,939 )     (12,941 )
Other income, net          358,441      173,715      22,271  
Income before taxes          14,267,488      14,070,908      1,803,963  
Income tax expenses     13      (2,161,815 )     (2,200,654 )     (282,135 )
Net income          12,105,673      11,870,254      1,521,828  
                     
Earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders of the Company’s shareholders                     
Basic and diluted     16      0.37      0.37      0.05  
                     
Weighted average shares* used in calculating basic and diluted net income per share:          32,500,000      32,500,000      32,500,000  

 

* Retroactively presented for the effect of reorganization for the Company’s initial public offering (Note 1)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-3
 

 

CHOWCHOW CLOUD INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2024

 

   Ordinary shares    Additional paid in    Capital    Merger    Retained    Total shareholders’  
   Shares*    Amount    capital    reserve    reserve    earnings    equity  
       HK$    HK$            HK$    HK$  
Balance as of December 31, 2022     32,500,000      -      500,000      -      -      6,895,200      7,395,200  
Issuance of share capital upon incorporation of Vigorous     -      -      780      -      -      -      780  
Reserves arising from reorganization under common control     -      -      (500,000 )     3,200,000      (2,700,000 )     -      -  
Net income     -      -      -      -      -      12,105,673      12,105,673  
Dividend declared (Note 7)     -      -      -      -      -      (17,500,000 )     (17,500,000 )
Balance as of December 31, 2023     32,500,000      -      780      3,200,000      (2,700,000 )     1,500,873      2,001,653  
Issuance of share capital of Vigorous     -      -      77,220      -      -      -      77,220  
Reserves arising from reorganization under common control     -      25,350      (78,000 )     -      52,650      -      -  
Net income     -      -      -      -      -      11,870,254      11,870,254  
Balance as of December 31, 2024 in HK$     32,500,000      25,350      -      3,200,000      (2,647,350 )     13,274,127      13,949,127  
Balance as of December 31, 2024 in US$ (Note 2(e))     32,500,000      3,250      -      410,256      (339,404 )     1,714,247      1,788,349  

 

* Retroactively presented for the effect of reorganization for the Company’s initial public offering (Note 1)

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-4
 

 

CHOWCHOW CLOUD INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2024

 

   For the Year Ended December 31,  
   2023    2024    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES                
Net income     12,105,673      11,870,254      1,521,828  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:                
Depreciation of property and equipment     22,940      25,179      3,228  
Amortization of intangible asset     378,801      681,515      87,374  
(Reversal of allowance) / Allowance for the current credit losses on accounts receivable     (348,954 )     507,230      65,029  
Allowance / (Reversal of allowance) for the current credit losses on amount due from related parties     6,467      (5,867 )     (752 )
Interest expense, net     -      100,939      12,941  
Deferred income tax     151,343      1,063     136
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:                
Accounts receivable, net     7,035,028      (2,478,930 )     (317,812 )
Unbilled receivables (Contract assets)     (1,427,212 )     (644,511 )     (82,630 )
Prepayment and other current assets, net     (11,571,528 )     288,935      37,043  
Amounts due from related parties     (63,800 )     45,668      5,855  
Accounts payable     (11,122,393 )     (2,532,877 )     (324,728 )
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities     277,364      (684,862 )     (87,803 )
Deferred revenue (Contract liabilities)     10,794,962      (1,184,574 )     (151,868 )
Tax payable     2,010,472      2,199,591      281,999  
Cash provided by operating activities     8,249,163      8,188,753      1,049,840  
                
Hong Kong profits tax paid     -      (153,378 )     (19,664 )
Interest paid     -      (100,939 )     (12,941 )
Net cash provided by operating activities     8,249,163      7,934,436      1,017,235  
                
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES                
Purchase of property and equipment     (42,291 )     (15,280 )     (1,959 )
Purchase of intangible asset     (938,516 )     (1,197,897 )     (153,577 )
Net cash used in investing activities     (980,807 )     (1,213,177 )     (155,536 )
                
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES                
Proceed from bank borrowing     -      5,000,000      641,026  
Net movement in deferred offering costs     -      (2,820,149 )     (361,558 )
Net movement in amount due from shareholders     2,083,704      84,495      10,833  
Dividend paid     (8,490,556 )     (8,337,024 )     (1,068,849 )
Net cash used in financing activities     (6,406,852 )     (6,072,678 )     (778,548 )
                
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents     861,504      648,581      83,151  
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year     9,011,947      9,873,451      1,265,827  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year     9,873,451      10,522,032      1,348,978  
                
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash information:                
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities     461,624      -      -  

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

F-5
 

 

CHOWCHOW CLOUD INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1. BUSINESS OVERVIEW AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on October 8, 2024 as an investment holding company with authorized share capital of US$50,000 divided into 50,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$0.001 each. One ordinary share was issued on October 8, 2024. The authorized share capital was changed to 500,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$0.0001 each and the one issued share was sub-divided into 10 ordinary shares on October 18, 2024. Upon completion of the reorganization between ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited and Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited, 32,500,000 ordinary shares of par value US$0.0001 each will be in issue. ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited conducts its primary operations through its subsidiaries, Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited (“Vigorous”) and Sereno Cloud Solution HK Limited (“Sereno”) that are incorporated and domiciled in Hong Kong (“collectively referred to as the “Company”).

 

Reorganization

 

Vigorous was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on July 19, 2023 as an exempted company. The Company has not commenced its operations and has limited assets or liabilities.

 

On September 26, 2023, Vigorous acquired 100% equity interest in Sereno from the existing shareholders. Sereno became Vigorous’ wholly owned subsidiary. Vigorous as investing holding company conducts its primary operations through Sereno after the acquisition.

 

Sereno was incorporated in Hong Kong on December 3, 2014, under the Companies Ordinance as a company with limited liability. Sereno provides a broad range of IT-related services, including professional IT services, AI-powered proactive cloud-managed services and IT infrastructure solutions. Sereno’s primary operations are based in Hong Kong, serving both local and international clients across various industries, including financial services, healthcare, and retail.

 

The Company completed a reorganization on October 24, 2024 following which Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited and Sereno Cloud Solution HK Limited came under the control of ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited.

 

The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the basis as if the reorganization became effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company.

 

Description of subsidiaries incorporated and controlled by the Company

 

Name   Background   Effective ownership
         
Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited   Investment holding   100%
         
Sereno Cloud Solution HK Limited   Principally engaged in provision of IT-related services   100%
         

 

F-6
 

 

The Company’s offerings include:

 

Professional IT Services: Expertise in providing customized IT strategies, project management, and ongoing technical support for digital transformation and innovation. The Company adheres to all applicable regulations and standards in its industry, including data protection and cybersecurity laws in the jurisdictions in which it operates. maintains its operations under a strong governance framework, ensuring compliance with the relevant legal, regulatory, and contractual obligations across all markets served.

 

AI-Powered Proactive Cloud Managed Services: Solutions designed to monitor, manage, and optimize clients’ cloud environments using artificial intelligence for improved efficiency and reduced downtime.

 

IT Infrastructure Solutions: Design, implementation, and management of scalable IT infrastructure, including hardware, software, and cloud environments tailored to clients’ specific needs.

 

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

(a) Basis of presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Additionally, these consolidated financial statements have been audited in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”).

 

(b) Principles of consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

(c) Use of estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are evaluated regularly based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions.

 

Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to:

 

Incremental borrowing rate used in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities under ASC 842 (Leases), which is determined based on the Company’s cost of borrowing, adjusted for the specific term and the economic environment.
Allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable under ASC 326 (Credit Losses), which is determined based on historical collection experience, the creditworthiness of individual customers, and expected changes in macroeconomic conditions.
Useful lives of property and equipment, which are determined based on the Company’s experience with similar assets and expected usage patterns.
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets under ASC 740 (Income Taxes), which is based on management’s assessment of the likelihood of future taxable income and the ability to utilize deferred tax assets before expiration.
Estimated progress towards the satisfaction of performance obligations under ASC 606 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers), which considers the nature of the services provided and the terms of customer contracts.

 

F-7
 

 

These estimates involve significant judgment and are subject to uncertainty, particularly in areas affected by market volatility, economic conditions, or customer-specific factors. Management regularly reviews and updates its estimates based on changes in these conditions and other relevant factors.

 

Given the inherent uncertainty in estimating future outcomes, actual results may differ from these estimates, and such differences could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. Management performs sensitivity analysis on critical accounting estimates to assess the potential impact of changes in assumptions and to ensure that the estimates remain reasonable under a range of possible outcomes.

 

(d) Functional currency and foreign currency translation

 

The Company uses the Hong Kong dollar (“HK$”) as its reporting currency. The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the HK$, as determined based on the criteria outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters. The functional currency is assessed based on the primary economic environment in which the Company and its subsidiaries operate. The Company periodically reviews its functional currency determination to ensure that it continues to reflect the underlying economic conditions of its operations.

 

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the balance sheet date, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured into the functional currency using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date, while non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rates in effect on the transaction date. Translation adjustments related to monetary assets and liabilities arising from exchange rate fluctuations are recognized as exchange gains or losses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

 

The Company carefully monitors its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations and manages foreign currency risk by assessing significant movements in exchange rates, particularly in respect of its key trading partners. No material foreign currency translation adjustments were recognized in other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, as most transactions and balances were denominated in the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries. Should the Company engage in material transactions or hold significant balances in currencies other than the functional currency, foreign currency translation adjustments will be recognized in other comprehensive income.

 

(e) Convenience translation

 

The Company’s operations are principally conducted in Hong Kong, where the Hong Kong dollar (HK$) is the functional currency, and all the revenues are denominated in HK$. For the convenience of the readers of our consolidated financial statements, we have provided translations of balances in the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in equity, and consolidated statements of cash flows from HK$ to U.S. dollars (US$) as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024. These translations have been made at a fixed exchange rate of US$1.00 = HK$7.8, which is the pegged rate as determined by the linked exchange rate system in Hong Kong.

 

These translations are provided solely for informational purposes and should not be construed as representations that the HK$ amounts could be converted into US$ at that or any other rate. The exchange rate used may differ from actual exchange rates on the balance sheet date or subsequent dates, and readers should be aware of potential exchange rate fluctuations. We do not intend for these translated amounts to comply with the provisions of U.S. GAAP regarding functional currency translation, and they are not intended to be a substitute for the HK$ amounts reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

 

F-8
 

 

The convenience translation presented does not reflect the impact of any fluctuations in foreign exchange rates during the period and should not be relied upon as an accurate measure of actual exchange effects or a reflection of future trends. All financial information should be interpreted in conjunction with the official HK$ amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements.

 

(f) Fair value of financial instruments

 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement. The Company determines fair value measurements for assets and liabilities that are either required or permitted to be recorded or disclosed at fair value. These measurements consider the principal or most advantageous market in which the transaction would occur and use assumptions that market participants would employ in pricing the asset or liability.

 

The Company follows the fair value hierarchy established under ASC 820, which prioritizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The hierarchy consists of three levels:

 

Level 1: Observable inputs, such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2: Other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the market place, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, interest rates, and yield curves.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity, which require management’s judgment or estimates.

 

The Company uses market, cost, and income approaches to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities depending on the nature of the item and the availability of relevant inputs. For financial instruments classified under Level 2, fair value is typically determined using observable market data, such as interest rate curves and credit spreads, in conjunction with internally developed models. For instruments classified under Level 3, the Company uses internally developed valuation models that include unobservable inputs, such as discounted cash flows, projected revenue, and assumptions regarding market conditions and risk factors.

 

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables (contract assets), amounts due from related parties, accounts payable, amounts due to related parties, accrued expenses, deferred revenue (contract liabilities) and bank borrowings. As of December 31, 2024, the carrying values of these financial instruments approximate their fair values. This is due to their short-term maturities for most instruments, and, in the case of bank borrowings, the use of floating interest rates that reset periodically based on observable market benchmarks, aligning the carrying amounts closely with fair value.

 

The Company distinguishes between recurring and non-recurring fair value measurements. Recurring measurements are those that are required at each balance sheet date, such as certain marketable securities, while non-recurring measurements are triggered by events such as asset impairments or the sale of significant assets.

 

Management reviews its fair value measurements regularly and adjusts assumptions as necessary to reflect current market conditions and risks. For Level 3 fair value measurements, management performs sensitivity analysis to evaluate the impact of changes in unobservable inputs on the fair value of assets and liabilities.

 

(g) Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits, and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. These investments are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

 

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. Management regularly reviews its cash management practices to ensure that the Company’s liquidity needs are met and monitors the financial health of the institutions where funds are held.

 

F-9
 

 

If applicable, the Company discloses any significant cash balances held in foreign currencies and evaluates whether the associated foreign exchange risks are material to its financial position.

 

As of the balance sheet date, all cash and cash equivalents are recorded at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to their short-term maturities.

 

(h) Accounts receivable, net

 

Accounts receivable primarily consist of amounts due from the Company’s customers. These balances are recorded net of an allowance for credit losses, which is established in accordance with ASC 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses.

 

The Company estimates its allowance for credit losses using a forward-looking model that incorporates historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The allowance is determined through Portfolio-level analysis, which applies a historical loss rate to pools of receivables with similar risk characteristics, adjusted for expected changes in the macroeconomic environment and industry trends.

 

Management evaluates receivables based on factors such as the aging of receivables, historical collection patterns, and the customer’s ability to pay, as well as broader economic factors that may affect the collectability of receivables. Significant judgments include evaluating the impact of economic downturns, industry-specific risks, and other external factors on customer creditworthiness.

 

Receivables are written off against the allowance when all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted and management determines that the likelihood of collection is remote. The timing of the write-off is based on specific criteria, including the length of time a receivable has been past due, customer bankruptcy, and other significant credit events.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company had an allowance for credit losses of HK$493,720 and HK$1,001,086 (US$128,344), respectively. The increase in the allowance was due to a modest rise in receivables aging beyond standard terms observed during the year.

 

(i) Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

 

Contract assets represent the Company’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that have been transferred to the customer, but for which billing has not yet occurred under the terms of the contract. Contract assets are recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation and has a right to payment, but the payment is conditional on something other than the passage of time (e.g., future performance or acceptance of goods or services by the customer). Contract assets are evaluated for expected credit losses in accordance with ASC 326 and are measured at the net realizable value.

 

Contract liabilities represent the billings to date, as allowed under the terms of a contract, but not yet recognized as contract revenue using the Company’s revenue recognition policy. Contract liabilities arise when billings exceed the amount of revenue recognized based on the Company’s revenue recognition policy under ASC 606. Revenue is recognized over time or at a point in time as performance obligations are satisfied, depending on the nature of the contract and the specific terms of the agreement.

 

Contract assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current depending on the timing of when the performance obligations are expected to be satisfied and when the related billings will occur. For contracts with multiple promises, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on relative stand-alone selling prices. The Company regularly reviews its estimates of transaction prices, performance obligations, and the progress toward satisfaction of those obligations.

 

F-10
 

 

Any significant changes in contract assets and liabilities are disclosed separately in the consolidated financial statements and are primarily driven by the timing of the satisfaction of performance obligations and the receipt of customer payments.

 

(j) Property and equipment, net

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, beginning when the asset is available for use. The estimated useful lives are determined based on the nature and expected use of the asset and are reviewed periodically to ensure they remain appropriate. The estimated useful lives for major asset categories are as follows:

 

Category   Estimated useful life
Computer equipment   3 years
Office furniture and fittings   5 years

 

Residual values are estimated based on the expected realizable value of the assets at the end of their useful lives and are considered immaterial for most categories of property and equipment. Depreciation methods, useful lives, and residual values are reviewed annually and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate.

 

The Company assesses impairment of property and equipment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. When such indicators are present, the Company compares the carrying amount of the asset to the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and the asset’s fair value, which is generally determined based on discounted cash flows or appraisals.

 

(k) Intangible assets, net

 

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and any recorded impairment. These assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful economic lives, which are determined based on the nature of the asset and the period over which the asset is expected to generate economic benefits. The estimated useful lives for major categories of intangible assets are as follows:

 

Category   Estimated useful life
Information technology service system   5 years

 

Residual values are generally considered immaterial for intangible assets and are not factored into the amortization calculation. The Company reviews amortization methods, useful lives, and residual values annually to ensure they remain appropriate based on the asset’s continued utility and economic benefit to the Company.

 

Intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In such cases, the Company compares the carrying value of the intangible asset to its undiscounted future cash flows. If the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and the asset’s fair value, which is typically determined using a discounted cash flow analysis or market-based approach. The Company also evaluates intangible assets for impairment indicators on a regular basis, including changes in technology, market conditions, and regulatory developments.

 

F-11
 

 

(l) Impairment of long-lived assets

 

The Company evaluates its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and right-of-use assets with finite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be fully recoverable. Indicators of impairment include, but are not limited to, significant adverse changes in market conditions, a decline in the operating performance of an asset group, changes in the use of the assets, regulatory or economic changes, or plans to sell or dispose of the assets.

 

When such events or changes in circumstances are identified, the Company performs a recoverability test by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the sum of the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group over its remaining useful life. If the carrying amount exceeds the sum of the expected undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized. The impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset group.

 

Fair value is typically determined by discounting the expected future cash flows to present value using a rate commensurate with the risk associated with the asset group. When market prices are not readily available, the Company may also consider appraisals or other market-based valuation techniques.

 

The carrying amount of long-lived assets includes any accumulated depreciation and amortization. Impairment losses are recognized in the period in which the impairment occurs and are recorded as part of operating expenses. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, the Company did not recognize any impairment of its long-lived assets.

 

(m) Revenue recognition

 

The Company’s revenues are primarily generated from (1) Sale of Hardware Product, (2) Sale of Software and IT Application Products, (3) Maintenance and Support Services, (4) IT Professional Services, and (5) Contracts with Multiple Promises.

 

The Company accounts for its revenue under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

 

1. Identification of the contract(s) with the customer;
2. Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
3. Determination of the transaction price, including any variable consideration;
4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract based on their relative standalone selling prices; and
5. Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

 

Sale of Hardware Products

 

Revenue from the sale of hardware products is recognized at the point in time when control of the hardware is transferred to the customer. This typically occurs upon delivery and acceptance of the hardware, when the customer gains the ability to use and benefit from the hardware.

 

Sale of Software and IT Application Products

 

Revenue from the sale of software and IT application products, which may include packaged software, customized setup implementation, or integrated hardware and software platforms, is recognized at the point in time when control of the software is transferred to the customer.

 

F-12
 

 

The software or IT application license constitutes a “right to use” intellectual property (IP), as defined in ASC 606-10-55-54, because it provides the customer with control over the software from the point of delivery or activation.

 

A right-to-use license grants the customer a license to the software as it exists at the time the license is granted, with no significant ongoing updates or support that would make it a “right to access” license.

 

As such, revenue for the license is recognized at a point in time when control is transferred, typically upon delivery or activation of the software, in accordance with ASC 606.

 

Maintenance and Support Services

 

Maintenance and support services (“M&S”) related to software products typically consist of unspecified future updates and upgrades, as well as technical support provided over a period of 1 to 12 months. These services represent stand-alone performance obligations, and revenue is recognized rateably over the service period. Revenue for maintenance and support is deferred and recognized over time as the Company satisfies its obligation to provide updates and technical support.

 

IT Professional Services

 

IT professional services relate to IT system setup, development, customization or integration services. These services represent stand-alone performance obligations, and revenue is recognized upon the completion of the services, when the customer gains the ability to use the system and benefit from the services provided by the Company.

 

Revenue from IT professional services is recognized at a point in time upon the completion of services. This determination is based on the following considerations under ASC 606-10-25-27:

 

1. Simultaneous Receipt and Consumption: The customer does not simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of the IT professional services as they are performed. The services are delivered as a complete solution, and the customer derives value only upon full completion.
  
2. Creation or Enhancement of Customer-Controlled Asset: The services provided do not create or enhance an asset that the customer controls as the services are performed. The customer does not gain control until the services are completed.
  
3. No Alternative Use and Enforceable Right to Payment: While the deliverables are tailored to customer-specific requirements, they do not meet the “no alternative use” criterion because, in practice, the Company can reconfigure partially completed deliverables for other projects, albeit with additional effort.

 

More importantly, the Company does not have an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Engagement letters typically permit termination at any time without penalty, and payment terms do not obligate the customer to pay for partially completed work.

 

Accordingly, control is transferred to the customer at a point in time, and revenue is recognized at that time.

 

Contracts with Multiple Promises

 

The Company frequently enters into contracts with customers that contain multiple promises, including hardware, software, IT application licenses, and IT professional services. To determine whether these promises are distinct within the context of the contract, the Company applies the guidance in ASC 606-10-25-19 through 25-22, which requires an assessment of whether:

 

1. The customer can benefit from the goods or services on its own or with other readily available resources; and
2. The promise to transfer the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

 

A promised good or service is not distinct if it is highly interdependent and interrelated with other promises, meaning its function is significantly affected by the other promises in the contract. BC32 of ASC 606 states:

 

“An entity should assess whether two or more promises in a contract are so highly interrelated and interdependent that they cannot be separated.”

 

Additionally, BC33(a) and (b) explain that if an entity provides a significant service of integrating multiple items into a combined output, those items are not distinct, as they serve as inputs to a unified deliverable rather than separate obligations.

 

Based on this guidance, the Company has determined that IT professional services are not distinct from hardware, software, or IT application licenses in certain contracts because they are necessary inputs to delivering a fully integrated IT solution rather than stand-alone deliverables.

 

F-13
 

 

Contract Scenarios and Distinctness Evaluation

 

1. Sale of Hardware Products with IT Professional Services (e.g., Setup, Development, Customization, or Integration Services)

 

Nature of Promises & Intended Benefit to the Customer

 

In contracts where the Company sells hardware products, the hardware provides computing capability to the customer. However, the hardware alone does not deliver its full intended benefit without installation, configuration, and integration services. IT professional services ensure that the hardware is properly installed, tested, and integrated within the customer’s existing IT infrastructure, making it functional.

 

Assessment of Interdependency and Significant Effect on Utility

 

The Company has determined that hardware and IT professional services are not separately identifiable because:

 

The hardware requires IT services to be installed and configured before it can be used.
The IT professional services significantly modify and enhance the hardware, making them highly interdependent.
Per BC33(a), IT professional services are an input to a combined output, rather than a separate deliverable.

 

Why IT Professional Services Are an Input to the Combined Output

 

The Company considered the following factors in concluding that IT professional services are an input to a combined output:

 

Level of Integration: IT professional services ensure that the hardware is installed and operational within the customer’s environment.
Modification & Customization: The services configure the hardware to align with the customer’s operational needs.
Customer Dependency: The customer does not receive a functional hardware system without the accompanying installation and integration services.

 

Revenue Recognition Conclusion

 

Since the hardware and IT professional services are highly interdependent and form a single performance obligation, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the fully integrated system is transferred to the customer, typically upon completion of hardware installation and customer acceptance.

 

2. Sale of Software and IT Application Products with IT Professional Services (e.g., Setup, Development, Customization, or Integration Services)

 

Nature of Promises & Intended Benefit to the Customer

 

In contracts where the Company provides software, the software delivers core processing and operational capabilities to the customer. However, in many cases, the software requires customization, configuration, and integration to be compatible with the customer’s existing IT environment. IT professional services ensure that the software is properly deployed, customized, and integrated to meet the customer’s specific business processes.

 

Assessment of Interdependency and Significant Effect on Utility

 

The Company has determined that software and IT professional services are not separately identifiable because:

 

The software, on its own, may not provide full functionality without customization and integration.
IT professional services significantly modify the software, ensuring it is operational in the customer’s IT ecosystem.
Per BC33(b), IT professional services create a combined deliverable, rather than separate outputs.

 

Why IT Professional Services Are an Input to the Combined Output

 

The Company considered the following factors in determining that IT professional services are an input to a combined output:

 

Level of Integration: IT professional services ensure that the software is fully functional within the customer’s system.
Modification & Customization: IT professional services tailor the software to meet customer-specific requirements.
Customer Dependency: The customer cannot deploy or use the software effectively without IT professional services ensuring proper implementation.

 

Revenue Recognition Conclusion

 

Since the software and IT professional services are highly interdependent and form a single performance obligation, revenue is recognized at a point in time when the fully customized and integrated software solution is delivered and accepted by the customer.

 

F-14
 

 

3. Sale of Hardware, Software, and IT Application Products with IT Professional Services

 

Nature of Promises & Intended Benefit to the Customer

 

In contracts where the Company provides a combination of hardware, software, and IT professional services, each element works together to create a fully integrated IT system. The customer expects a turnkey solution, rather than individual components that must be assembled separately.

 

Assessment of Interdependency and Significant Effect on Utility

 

The Company has determined that none of the promises are distinct from each other, as they are highly interdependent and interrelated because:

 

Hardware requires software to operate, and software requires IT services for customization and integration.
IT professional services configure and connect the hardware and software to function as a unified system.
Per BC32, the contract’s objective is to deliver an integrated IT system, rather than discrete components.

 

Why IT Professional Services Are an Input to the Combined Output

 

The Company considered the following factors in concluding that IT professional services are an input to a combined output:

 

Level of Integration: IT professional services configure both hardware and software to function as a single IT system.
Modification & Customization: IT professional services modify the components to meet customer-specific requirements.
Customer Dependency: The customer does not receive a functional IT system unless all components are integrated.

 

Revenue Recognition Conclusion

 

Since the hardware, software, and IT professional services are highly interdependent and form a single performance obligation, revenue is recognized at a point in time when control of the fully integrated IT system is transferred to the customer upon completion and acceptance.

 

4. Sale of Software and IT Application Products with Maintenance and Support Services

 

Nature of Promises & Intended Benefit to the Customer

 

In certain contracts, the Company sells software and IT application licenses that grant customers the right to use proprietary software. These software products and licenses provide immediate functionality and enable the customer to operate the software in their IT environment.

 

Additionally, these contracts may include maintenance and support (M&S) services, which typically consist of:

 

Technical support to assist the customer with troubleshooting and operational issues.
Unspecified software updates and patches to enhance security, performance, or compatibility with evolving IT environments.
Access to periodic feature upgrades, if applicable.

 

The primary intended benefit to the customer is the use of the software license. The maintenance and support services supplement the software usage by ensuring that it continues to operate effectively but do not modify or enhance the software’s core functionality at the time of transfer.

 

Assessment of Interdependency and Significant Effect on Utility

 

To determine whether the software license and M&S services are distinct within the context of the contract, the Company evaluates whether:

 

The customer can benefit from the software license independently – The software license, upon delivery or activation, provides immediate utility and enables the customer to conduct business operations without requiring immediate maintenance or support intervention.
The M&S services does not significantly affect the customer’s ability to benefit from the software license – The maintenance and support services do not alter the fundamental usability of the software, as the customer can continue to use the software with or without receiving M&S services.
The software license and M&S services are not highly interdependent – While M&S ensures the software remains functional over time, it does not significantly integrate with or modify the software itself. The software retains its core functionality independently, making M&S a separately identifiable promise rather than an input to a combined output.

 

Based on these factors, the Company concludes that the software license and M&S services are distinct performance obligations because they do not significantly affect each other’s standalone utility. This assessment aligns with ASC 606-10-25-21 and BC32, which emphasize that promises should be considered distinct if they do not integrate, modify, or significantly impact each other’s functionality.

 

However, the Company assessed that the M&S services are immaterial to the total transaction price and do not significantly impact the timing or amount of revenue recognized. In these cases, the software license and M&S services are treated as a single performance obligation, consistent with ASC 606 guidance on immaterial performance obligations.

 

Why Maintenance & Support Services Are Not an Input to a Combined Output

 

Unlike IT professional services, which significantly modify or integrate hardware and software to form a single functional solution, maintenance & support services:

 

Do not alter or enhance the software at the time of transfer – The customer receives an operational software license upon delivery, and M&S provides future support rather than modifying the existing software.
Are not required for the customer to derive initial benefit from the software – The customer can use the software independently, and the M&S services merely support long-term usability.
Do not significantly integrate with or change the underlying software – The services are supplementary rather than essential for the initial use of the product.

 

As such, M&S services do not qualify as an input to a combined output under BC33(a) or (b) and are therefore evaluated separately from the software license.

 

Revenue Recognition Conclusion

 

Since the Company has determined that M&S services are immaterial to the total transaction price, the software license and M&S services are treated as a single performance obligation for simplicity in revenue recognition.

 

Revenue for the combined performance obligation is recognized at a point in time when control of the software license is transferred to the customer, typically upon delivery or activation.
Any revenue associated with M&S services is included in the total transaction price of the software license and recognized at the same point in time, as the distinction between the two does not materially impact revenue timing.

 

F-15
 

 

Variable Consideration

 

The Company estimates variable consideration, including potential refunds, penalties, or performance bonuses, using the expected value or most likely amount method, depending on which better predicts the amount of consideration to which the Company will be entitled. The Company recognizes revenue only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue will not occur. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, the Company did not have any contracts with variable consideration, and no adjustments to the transaction price were necessary after initial recognition.

 

Principal versus Agent Considerations

 

In evaluating whether the Company is acting as a principal or an agent in its contracts, we considered the guidance in ASC 606-10-55-36 through 55-40. This evaluation focused on identifying the specified goods or services promised to the customer and assessing whether the Company obtains control of these goods or services before they are transferred to the customer.

 

The Company’s IT solutions involve services, hardware, software, and IT application products. In these contracts, the Company provides a bundle of goods and services necessary to fulfil the performance obligations. While certain components of the solution, such as hardware and software, may be sourced from third-party providers, the Company directs and integrates these inputs into a cohesive IT solution that meets the customer’s needs.

 

Specifically:

 

1. Control of Goods and Services:

 

The Company takes control of the services, hardware, software, and IT application products prior to their delivery to the customer. This is evidenced by the Company’s ability to direct the use of these goods and services and to obtain the benefits from them before transfer.

The Company assumes inventory risk for these goods, either upon receipt from the third-party provider or during their customization or bundling into the overall IT solution.

 

2. Primary Responsibility for Fulfilment:

 

The Company is responsible for ensuring the customer receives the specified solution, including resolving any issues with the delivery or functionality of the underlying services, hardware, software, and applications. This indicates that the Company is accountable for the overall performance of the arrangement.

 

3. Pricing Discretion:

 

The Company determines the pricing for the bundled solution, further supporting its role as principal.

 

Although the Company partners with cloud and technology service providers and outsources certain components to third-party providers, these third parties act as subcontractors or suppliers within the Company’s broader performance obligation. The Company does not merely arrange for the third parties to provide goods or services directly to the customer.

 

Based on the above, the Company concluded that it acts as the principal in these transactions because it controls the specified goods and services before transferring them to the customer.

 

F-16
 

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our revenues, in absolute amounts and percentages of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   For the Years Ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))    %  
Revenue from Products:                          
Contracts with Multiple Promises*:                          
- Sale of Hardware with IT Professional Services     58,250,642      41.2      70,398,140      9,025,403      38.7  
- Sale of Software and IT Application products with IT Professional Services     52,958,769      37.5      79,469,485      10,188,395      43.7  
- Sale of Hardware, Software and IT Application Products with IT Professional Services     5,095,674      3.6      -      -      -  
- Sale of Software and IT Application Products with Maintenance and Support Services     17,239,574      12.2      22,112,152      2,834,891      12.2  
Sale of Hardware Products     834,848      0.6      492,705      63,167      0.3  
     134,379,507      95.1      172,472,482      22,111,856      94.9  
Revenue from Services:                          
IT Professional Services     4,848,321      3.4      4,779,716      612,784      2.6  
Maintenance and Support Services     2,144,530      1.5      4,577,928      586,914      2.5  
     6,992,851      4.9      9,357,644      1,199,698      5.1  
Total revenues     141,372,358      100      181,830,126      23,311,554      100  

 

* Revenue Recognition for Contracts with Non-Distinct Obligations

 

The Company enters into contracts that include a combination of goods (e.g., hardware, software) and services (e.g., IT professional services, integration, and maintenance). When these elements are highly interdependent and interrelated, they are treated as a single performance obligation under ASC 606-10-25-21, and revenue is recognized at a point in time when control transfers to the customer, typically upon customer acceptance.

 

Because these contracts represent an integrated solution, the Company does not allocate revenue to individual components (hardware, software, or services). Instead, revenue is categorized as product revenue, as the predominant characteristic of the combined deliverable is the hardware and software provided to the customer.

 

In determining the predominant characteristic, the Company considers:

 

  The primary benefit to the customer, which is the acquisition of a functional IT system.
  The relative significance of each component, including the cost composition of hardware, software, and services within the contract.
  The customer’s primary reason for entering into the arrangement, which is to obtain a fully integrated IT solution rather than standalone services.

 

This classification reflects the nature of the Company’s contracts and ensures consistency with how control is transferred to the customer.

 

F-17
 

 

The following table summarizes disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers by timing of revenue:

 

   For the Years Ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))    %  
Revenue recognized at point in time                          
Sale of Hardware Products     834,848      0.6      492,705                      63,167      0.3  
IT Professional Services     3,600,962      2.5      3,860,692      494,960      2.1  
Contracts with Multiple Promises     133,544,659      94.5      171,979,777      22,048,689      94.6  
     137,980,469      97.6      176,333,174      22,606,816      97.0  
Revenue recognized over-time                          
Maintenance and Support Services     2,144,530      1.5      4,577,928      586,914      2.5  
IT Professional Services     1,247,359      0.9      919,024      117,824      0.5  
     3,391,889      2.4      5,496,952      704,738      3.0  
Total revenues     141,372,358      100      181,830,126      23,311,554      100  

 

The details of deferred revenue (contract liabilities) are as follows:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))    %  
Sale of Hardware Products     -      0.0      62,716      8,041      0.4  
Maintenance and Support Services     151,973      0.8      218,300      27,987      1.3  
IT Professional Services     2,416,233      13.0      373,061      47,828      2.1  
Contracts with Multiple Promises     16,017,586      86.2      16,747,141      2,147,069      96.2  
     18,585,792      100      17,401,218      2,230,925      100  

 

The details of unbilled receivables (contract assets) are as follows:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))    %  
Maintenance and Support Services     1,878,008      95.6      172,413      22,104      6.6  
IT Professional Services     76,948      3.9      -      -      -  
Contracts with Multiple Promises     9,706      0.5      2,436,760      312,405      93.4  
     1,964,662      100      2,609,173      334,509      100  

 

F-18
 

 

(n) Cost of revenues

 

Cost of revenues includes all direct costs associated with fulfilling the Company’s performance obligations for services and products. These costs primarily consist of:

 

  Subcontracting fees, which include amounts paid to third-party vendors and service providers for project-related services.
  Hardware costs, which represent the direct cost of hardware sold to customers as part of the Company’s service offerings.
  Software licenses and IT application licenses, which include the costs of licenses procured from third-party vendors and resold or utilized in providing services to customers.

 

Costs are recognized as incurred in the same period as the related revenues, in accordance with ASC 606. The Company does not maintain inventory but purchases hardware and software upon receiving customer orders. Since the setup and delivery are typically completed within a short period, costs are classified as cost of revenues and expensed as incurred when control of the related products or services is transferred to the customer.

 

The Company has considered ASC 340-40 and determined that no costs meet the criteria for capitalization, as all costs are directly tied to performance obligations that are satisfied within the same reporting period.

 

Cost of Revenues Classification

 

The Company categorizes cost of revenues into cost of products and cost of services based on the final deliverable of the contract. Costs are tracked at the contract level and assigned to the appropriate category at the time of incurrence, ensuring they are directly attributed to either product or service costs based on the final deliverable.

 

The Company utilizes a direct cost assignment methodology, recording each cost in the relevant category as incurred, rather than aggregating all costs of revenue and allocating them proportionally based on revenue presentation methodology. This approach ensures that costs align with their respective performance obligations under each contract and accurately reflect the economic substance of the transaction.

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our costs of revenues, in absolute amounts and percentages of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   For the Years Ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))    %  
Cost of Products:                          
Contracts with Multiple Promises:                          
- Sale of Hardware with IT Professional Services     52,158,964      43.0      65,259,321      8,366,580      41.7  
- Sale of Software and IT Application products with IT Professional Services     46,521,405      38.3      66,764,480      8,559,549      42.6  
- Sale of Hardware, Software and IT Application Products with IT Professional Services     4,098,581      3.4      -      -      -  
- Sale of Software and IT Application Products with Maintenance and Support Services     14,996,495      12.3      17,827,166      2,285,534      11.4  
Sale of Hardware Products     719,270      0.6      347,470      44,547      0.2  
     118,494,715      97.6      150,198,437      19,256,210      95.9  
Cost of Services:                          
IT Professional Services     2,335,938      1.9      3,312,547      424,685      2.1  
Maintenance and Support Services     632,205      0.5      3,064,807      392,924      2.0  
     2,968,143      2.4      6,377,354      817,609      4.1  
Total cost of revenues     121,462,858      100      156,575,791      20,073,819      100  

 

(o) Selling and marketing expenses

 

Selling and marketing expenses include direct and indirect costs incurred in connection with promoting and selling the Company’s products and services. These expenses primarily consist of:

 

Marketing service fees paid to third-party vendors for advertising, promotions, and other marketing activities;
Commissions paid to staffs and third parties based on sales performance and achievement of sales targets;
Salaries, benefits, and bonuses for in-house sales and marketing personnel involved in selling the Company’s products and services;
Advertising and promotional costs, including media buys, events, and sponsorships.

 

Selling and marketing expenses are recognized as incurred, consistent with the period in which the related services are rendered or the corresponding revenue is recognized. Commissions paid to staff and third parties are recognized as an expense when the related revenue is recognized unless they qualify for capitalization under ASC 340-40.

 

If commissions are capitalized, they are amortized over the period in which the related performance obligations are satisfied, reflecting the estimated benefit period of the related contract. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, the Company did not pay any renewal commissions.

 

If renewal commissions are paid in the future, they will be assessed to determine whether they are commensurate with the initial commissions. If they are commensurate, they will be capitalized and amortized over the renewal period. If they are not commensurate, the amortization period for initial commissions will reflect the combined benefit period of the initial contract and the expected renewals, consistent with ASC 340-40-35-1.

 

The Company regularly evaluates the effectiveness of its marketing strategies and sales channels, ensuring that selling and marketing expenses are aligned with the Company’s overall business objectives.

 

F-19
 

 

(p) General and administrative expenses

 

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries, bonuses, and benefits for employees involved in general corporate functions, such as finance, human resources, legal, and executive management. These expenses also include depreciation and amortization related to assets used in corporate activities, legal and professional service fees, office expenses, insurance premiums, short-term rental costs for office spaces, and other administrative costs.

 

General and administrative expenses are recognized as incurred, in accordance with the matching principle, ensuring that expenses are recorded in the same period as the related revenues or activities. Depreciation and amortization expenses are recognized based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets and in accordance with the Company’s depreciation and amortization policies.

 

Other costs classified as general and administrative expenses include:

 

Office supplies
Utilities
Travel and entertainment expenses related to corporate functions
Insurance premiums
Software subscriptions used for general corporate purposes

 

Short-term rental costs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 842 (Leases). All general and administrative expenses are reviewed periodically to ensure they reflect the current needs and activities of the Company.

 

(q) Employee benefits

 

The Company’s full-time employees in Hong Kong participate in a government-mandated defined contribution plan, known as the Mandatory Provident Fund (“MPF”). Under the MPF system, the Company makes contributions based on a statutory percentage of the employees’ salaries, up to a maximum contribution of HK$1,500 (US$192) per month per employee. Employees are also required to make matching contributions to their MPF accounts.

 

The Company recognizes MPF contributions as an expense in the period in which the related employee services are rendered, in accordance with ASC 715 (Compensation—Retirement Benefits). Contributions are made monthly and are fully vested to the employees at the time of contribution. The Company has no further legal or constructive obligations beyond the contributions made under this defined contribution plan.

 

All full-time employees are eligible to participate in the MPF plan upon commencing employment. The Company regularly reviews its compliance with the applicable Hong Kong laws and regulations regarding employee retirement benefits.

 

(r) Taxation

 

Income Taxes

 

Current income taxes are provided on the basis of income/(loss) for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are provided using the assets and liabilities method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of existing assets and liabilities. The tax base of an asset or liability is the amount attributed to that asset or liability for tax purposes. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income in the period of change. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets if it is considered more-likely-than-not that some portion of, or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

 

F-20
 

 

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company considers positive and negative evidence when determining whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, its experience with tax attributes expiring unused, and its tax planning strategies. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carry-forward periods provided for in the tax law and during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. When assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, the Company considers possible sources of taxable income including (i) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (ii) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carry-forwards, (iii) future taxable income arising from implementing tax planning strategies, and (iv) specific known trend of profits expected to be reflected within the industry.

 

Uncertain tax positions

 

The Company applies the provisions of ASC topic 740 (“ASC 740”), Accounting for Income Taxes, to account for uncertainty in income taxes. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the consolidated financial statements. The benefit of a tax position is recognized if a tax return position or future tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained under examination based solely on the technical merits of the position. Tax positions that meet the “more likely than not” recognition threshold is measured, using a cumulative probability approach, at the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement. The estimated liability for unrecognized tax benefits is periodically assessed for adequacy and may be affected by changing interpretations of laws, rulings by tax authorities, changes and or developments with respect to tax audits, and the expiration of the statute of limitations. Additionally, in future periods, changes in facts and circumstances, and new information may require the Company to adjust the recognition and measurement of estimates with regards to changes in individual tax position. Changes in recognition and measurement of estimates are recognized in the period in which the change occurs.

 

The Company did not accrue any liability, interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in its provision for income taxes line of its statements of operations and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The Company does not expect that its assessment regarding unrecognized tax positions will materially change over the next 12 months.

 

(s) Comprehensive income

 

The Company has adopted FASB Accounting Standard Codification Topic 220 (“ASC 220”) “Comprehensive income”, which establishes standards for reporting and the presentation of comprehensive income (loss), its components and accumulated balances.

 

There was no other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively.

 

(t) Leases

 

The Company accounts for leases under ASC Topic 842, Leases. At the inception of a contract, the Company determines whether the arrangement contains a lease by evaluating whether the Company obtains the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period in exchange for consideration.

 

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease, if readily determinable. If the implicit rate is not available, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, which is determined based on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

 

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which includes the amount of the initial lease liability, adjusted for any lease incentives received, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made prior to commencement. Right-of-use assets are recognized in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet within “right-of-use assets,” and operating lease liabilities are included within “lease liabilities.”

 

F-21
 

 

The Company reviews right-of-use assets for impairment in accordance with the impairment guidance under ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment (“ASC 360”). All right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. No impairment was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024.

 

The Company classifies leases as either operating or finance leases at lease inception. Operating leases are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet and expensed over the lease term on a straight-line basis. Finance leases result in the recognition of both interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset over the lease term.

 

Lease liabilities are remeasured when there is a change in the lease term, a change in the assessment of an option to purchase the underlying asset, or if there is a modification to the terms of the lease. Adjustments to lease liabilities are reflected in corresponding changes to the right-of-use asset.

 

Short-term leases (with lease terms of 12 months or less) and leases with variable payments are not recognized as lease liabilities. Instead, lease expenses for these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

The Company discloses the terms and assumptions related to leases, including lease maturities, discount rates, and the timing of lease payments, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, in accordance with ASC 842.

 

(u) Related party transaction

 

A related party is generally defined as (i) any person and or their immediate family hold 10% or more of the company’s securities (ii) the Company’s management and or their immediate family, (iii) someone that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company, or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities.

 

Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated.

 

(v) Segment reporting

 

ASC 280, Segment Reporting, (“ASC 280”), establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers.

 

The Company operates as a single reportable segment as defined by ASC 280, with the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), identified as the Chief Executive Officer, reviewing consolidated results for the purpose of allocating resources and assessing performance.

 

(w) Deferred offering costs

 

The Company complies with the requirement of the ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A “Expenses of Offering”. Deferred offering costs consist of corporate secretarial, industry research, legal and other expenses incurred through the balance sheet date that are directly related to the intended initial public offer (“IPO”). Deferred offering costs will be charged to shareholders’ equity upon the completion of the IPO. Should the IPO prove to be unsuccessful, these deferred costs, as well as additional expenses to be incurred, will be charged to operations. As of December 31, 2024, the Company capitalized HK$2,820,149 (US$361,558) of deferred offering costs. Such costs will be deferred until the closing of the IPO, at which time the deferred costs will be offset against the offering proceeds.

 

Geographic Information

 

The Company generates revenue from customers located in its country of domicile, Hong Kong, and from customers in other regions. Revenues are attributed to geographic regions based on the location of the customers.

 

The following table presents revenues from external customers by geographic area for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024:

 

   For the Years Ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))    %  
Hong Kong     128,519,292      90.9      144,495,457      18,525,058      79.5  
Singapore     10,090,715      7.1      33,751,584      4,327,126      18.5  
Others, including Philippines, Macau, Japan and Malaysia     2,762,351      2.0      3,583,085      459,370      2.0  
     141,372,358      100      181,830,126      23,311,554      100  

 

(w) Recent accounting pronouncements

 

ASC 326 (Credit Losses): In May 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2019-05 as an update to ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2016-13 introduced the expected credit losses methodology for measuring credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost, replacing the incurred loss model. This update also modified the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities, requiring individual assessment of credit losses when the fair value is less than the amortized cost. The Company irrevocably elected the fair value option for certain financial assets to align with the transition relief provided by ASU 2019-05. The Company adopted this standard effective April 1, 2022, for annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2023, in line with the delayed effective date for non-public entities as provided by ASU 2019-10. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

F-22
 

 

ASC 280 (Segment Reporting): In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”. The amended guidance requires incremental reportable segment disclosures, primarily about significant segment expenses. The amendments also require entities with a single reportable segment to provide all disclosures required by these amendments, and all existing segment disclosures. The amendments will be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company considered that the impact of this amended guidance does not have material impact to its consolidated financial statements.

 

ASC 740 (Income Taxes): In December 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This update requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures about income taxes to provide financial statement users with greater transparency regarding an entity’s tax risk and tax planning strategies. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this guidance effective January 1, 2025, and does not anticipate any material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” This update simplifies various areas of accounting for income taxes, including removing certain exceptions under ASC 740 and simplifying the accounting for franchise taxes partially based on income. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 effective April 1, 2021, and applied the amendments as required either retrospectively or prospectively, based on the specific provision. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses, The amendments in ASU 2023-07 improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

In November 2023, the FASB issued guidance to enhance disclosure of expenses of a public entity’s reportable segments. The new guidance requires a public entity to disclose: (1) on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, (2) on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items (the difference between segment revenue less the significant expenses disclosed under the significant expense principle and each reported measure of segment profit or loss), including a description of its composition, (3) on an annual and interim basis, information about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets previously required to be disclosed only on an annual basis, and (4) the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and how to allocate resources. The new guidance also clarifies that if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss, one or more of those measures may be reported and requires that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this update and all existing segment disclosures. The guidance is effective for the current fiscal year 2024 annual reporting, and in the first quarter of 2025 for interim period reporting, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, this guidance should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The Company considered that the impact of this amended guidance does not have material impact to its consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2023, the FASB issued guidance to enhance transparency of income tax disclosures, On an annual basis the new guidance requires a public entity to disclose: (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) additional information for reconciling items that are equal to or greater than 5% of the amount computed by multiplying income(or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit) by the applicable statutory income tax rate, (3) income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes, with foreign taxes disaggregated by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid is equal to or greater than 5% of total income taxes paid, (4) income (or loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (or benefit)disaggregated between domestic and foreign, and (5) income tax expense (or benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated between federal (national), state and foreign. The guidance is effective for fiscal year 2025 annual reporting, with early adoption permitted, to be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard to have an impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements but will require certain additional disclosures.

 

F-23
 

 

Except as mentioned above, the Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of income and comprehensive income and statements of cash flows.

 

3. CONCENTRATION OF RISKS

 

(a) Political, social and economic risks

 

The main operations of the Company are located in Hong Kong. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by political, economic, and legal environments in Hong Kong, as well as by the general state of the economy in Hong Kong. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political, regulatory and social conditions in Hong Kong. Although the Company has not experienced losses from these situations and believes that it is in compliance with existing laws and regulations including its organization and structure disclosed in Note 1, such experience may not be indicative of future results.

 

The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may also be negatively impacted by risks related to natural disasters, extreme weather conditions, health epidemics and other catastrophic incidents, which could significantly disrupt the Company’s operations.

 

(b) Interest rate risk

 

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its interest-bearing assets and liabilities. As part of its asset and liability risk management, the Company reviews and takes appropriate steps to manage its interest rate exposure on its interest-bearing assets and liabilities. The Company has not been exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates and has not used any derivative financial instruments to manage the interest risk exposure during the years presented.

 

(c) Credit risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, amounts due from related parties and other current assets. As of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, approximately HK$9,873,451 and HK$10,522,032 (US$1,348,978) were deposited with financial institutions located in Hong Kong, respectively. In accordance with the relevant regulations in Hong Kong, the maximum insured bank deposit amount is HK$800,000 (year ended December 31, 2023: HK$500,000) for each financial institution. The bank deposit amounts of the Company that are were not covered by the insurance were approximately HK$9,373,451 and HK$9,722,032 (US$1,246,414) as of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively. While the Company believes that these financial institutions are of high credit quality, it also continually monitors their credit worthiness.

 

The Company is also exposed to risk from its accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, amounts due from related companies and other current assets. These assets are subject to credit evaluations. An allowance has been made for estimated unrecoverable amounts which have been determined by reference to past default experience and the current economic environment.

 

F-24
 

 

(d) Concentration risk

 

There were three and two customers from whom revenues individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues of the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The total sales to these customers accounted for approximately 62.2% and 28.5% of total revenues for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. There were two and three customers individually represent greater than 10% of the total gross accounts receivable of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively. The total receivables from these customers accounted for approximately 31.5% and 56.3% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively.

 

The following customers accounted for 10% or more of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   For the Year Ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    %  
Asia Top Loyalty Limited     16,254,119      11.5      14,820,196      8.2 *
Conversant Technologies Pte. Ltd.     -      -      29,888,779      16.4  
Motto Group Limited     46,353,154      32.8      21,959,106      12.1  
Servicesky Limited     25,300,000      17.9      12,825,000      7.1 *

 

* Represents less than 10%

 

The following customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s gross accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31, 2023    As of December 31, 2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    %  
Asia Top Loyalty Limited     2,752,597      17.0      319,500      1.7 *
Company C     2,340,000      14.5      -      - *
Company H     726,024      4.5 *     2,973,893      15.9  
Conversant Technologies Pte. Ltd.     -      -      4,512,144      24.2  
Motto Group Limited     345,540      2.1 *     3,014,310      16.2  

 

* Represents less than 10%

 

There were three and three suppliers from whom purchases, or service costs individually represent greater than 10% of the total cost of revenue of the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. The total cost of revenue from these suppliers accounted for approximately 80.0% and 81.1% of the Company’s total cost of revenue for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. There were three and four suppliers from whom payables individually represent greater than 10% of the total accounts payable of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively. The total accounts payable from these suppliers accounted for approximately 93.8% and 86.2% of the Company’s accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024 respectively.

 

The following supplier accounted for 10% or more of cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   For the Year Ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    %  
Tech Data Distribution (Hong Kong) Limited     12,255,968      10.1      29,485,639      18.8  
Ingram Micro (China) Limited     42,266,819      34.8      37,669,105      24.1  
TriTech Distribution Limited     42,655,527      35.1      59,812,774      38.2  

 

The following suppliers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31, 2023    As of December 31, 2024  
   HK$    %    HK$    %  
Tech Data Distribution (Hong Kong) Limited     2,424,442      34.2      1,143,274      25.1  
Ingram Micro (China) Limited     999,076      14.1      1,156,751      25.4  
TriTech Distribution Limited     3,219,804      45.5      700,000      15.4  
Accord Technologies (HK) Limited     -      -      923,051      20.3  

 

F-25
 

 

4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

 

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s accounts receivable and the allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Accounts receivable     16,178,935      18,667,665      2,393,290  
Less: allowance for the credit losses     (493,720 )     (1,001,086 )     (128,344 )
Net accounts receivable     15,685,215      17,666,579      2,264,946  

 

Movement in the Allowance for Credit Losses

 

The movement in the allowance for credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024 is as follows:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Beginning balance     842,674      493,720      63,297  
(Reversal) / Addition     (348,954 )     507,230      65,029  
Reallocation from credit losses on amount due from a related party (Note 7(ii))     -      136      18  
Ending balance     493,720      1,001,086      128,344  

 

The Company utilizes a portfolio analysis approach to estimate the allowance for credit losses, grouping accounts receivable into pools based on shared risk characteristics such as customer type, geographic location, industry, and historical payment patterns. The allowance for credit losses is determined using historical loss rates, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable, supportable forward-looking information, including macroeconomic factors such as industry trends, market volatility, and the broader economic environment.

 

The Company monitors credit risk on a portfolio basis and evaluates the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Any adjustments to the allowance are based on the overall risk profile of the portfolios and reflect management’s best estimate of potential credit losses.

 

5. UNBILLED RECEIVABES (CONTRACT ASSETS) AND DEFERRED REVENUE (CONTRACT LIABILITIES)

 

The following table summarizes the balances of contract assets and the movement during the periods presented:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Unbilled receivables
(Contract assets):
               
Balance at beginning of the year     537,450      1,964,662      251,880  
Additions     1,964,662      2,609,173      334,509  
Less: progress billings     (537,450 )     (1,964,662 )     (251,880 )
Balance at end of year     1,964,662      2,609,173      334,509  

 

F-26
 

 

Contract assets represent the Company’s right to consideration for work performed but not yet billed as of the reporting date. Contract assets arise when the Company performs services or delivers goods in advance of billing the customer and are transferred to receivables when the right to consideration becomes unconditional, typically upon reaching specified milestones or the billing phase stipulated in the contract.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company’s contract assets totaled HK$ HK$1,964,662, all of which were transferred to accounts receivable during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, contract assets totaled HK$2,609,173 (US$334,509). The Company expects that this balance will be transferred to accounts receivable in the next financial year, once the associated performance obligations are completed and billing milestones are reached.

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Deferred revenue
(Contract liabilities):
               
Balance at beginning of the year     7,790,830      18,585,792      2,382,794  
Additions     150,177,340      178,036,379      22,825,177  
Revenue recognized during the year     (139,382,378 )     (179,220,953 )     (22,977,046 )
Balance at end of year     18,585,792      17,401,218      2,230,925  
                

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Deferred revenue (Contract liabilities), current portion     18,575,792      17,401,218      2,230,925  
Deferred revenue (Contract liabilities), non-current portion     10,000      -      -  
     18,585,792      17,401,218      2,230,925  

 

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue, which represents billings or cash received in advance of revenue recognition for services that have yet to be performed or for performance obligations that have yet to be satisfied. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue once the Company satisfies the performance obligations under the contract, which typically involves the delivery of services, or the achievement of specific milestones outlined in the contract.

 

As of December 31, 2023, the contract liabilities balance was HK$18,585,792, which was fully recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, contract liabilities totaled HK$17,401,218 (US$2,230,925), which is expected to be recognized as revenue in the next financial year, upon the satisfaction of the associated performance obligations.

 

The Company’s contract liabilities primarily relate to advance billings for ongoing service contracts, including managed IT services, support and maintenance, and IT infrastructure solutions, where payment is received before services are rendered. For these contracts, the Company recognizes revenue over time as performance obligations are satisfied, typically based on either the passage of time or milestones achieved.

 

F-27
 

 

Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue when the following criteria are met:

 

  1. Performance obligations are satisfied over time or upon the achievement of defined milestones.
  2. Revenue is recognized over the contract term for service contracts, or at a point in time when a significant milestone is reached.

 

The timing of revenue recognition depends on the specific contract terms and may vary based on the type of service provided and the method of measuring progress, such as output methods (e.g., deliverables completed).

 

Revenue to be Recognized in Future Periods

 

As of December 31, 2024, the Company expects to recognize most of its contract liabilities as revenue in the next financial year, as performance obligations are fulfilled. However, the actual timing of revenue recognition may be impacted by factors such as changes in customer requirements, delays in project execution, or other uncertainties. The Company regularly assesses its contract liabilities and adjusts revenue recognition estimates as necessary.

 

6. PREPAYMENT AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET AND OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS, NET

 

Prepayment and other current assets, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Prepayment and other current assets, net                
Advances to suppliers (i)     11,593,320      10,585,100      1,357,064  
Prepaid marketing expenses (ii)     -      719,286      92,216  
Other deposit     3,850      3,850      494  
     11,597,170      11,308,236      1,449,774  

 

Other non-current assets, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Other non-current assets, net                
Rental deposits (iii)     122,412      122,412      15,694  

 

i. Advances to suppliers represent prepayments made by the Company for hardware costs, software and IT application license costs, and service subcontracting fees. These prepayments are made in the normal course of business to secure the timely delivery of products and services necessary for the Company’s operations.

 

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s advances to suppliers totaled HK$10,585,100. These amounts are expected to be recognized as cost of revenue in the next financial year, as the associated performance obligations are satisfied, and the goods and services are received.

 

F-28
 

 

Risk Management of Advances to Suppliers: The Company monitors the creditworthiness of its suppliers to mitigate the risk of non-performance or delays. Management reviews the advances to suppliers regularly to assess any potential impairment and has determined that no allowance for credit losses was necessary as of December 31, 2023 and 2024.

 

ii. Prepaid marketing expenses represent prepayments made by the Company for marketing activities. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s prepaid marketing expenses totaled HK$719,286. These amounts are expected to be recognized as selling and marketing expenses in the next financial year, as the associated performance obligations are satisfied and services are received.
   
iii. Rental deposits are deposits paid to secure office space leases.

 

Impairment Considerations: The Company assesses prepaid expenses and deposits for potential impairment at each reporting date. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, no impairments were recognized for advances to suppliers, rental deposits, or other deposits.

 

7. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

Names of the related parties   Relationship with the Company
Leading Digital Supply Limited   50% owned by Yee Kar Wing; Director until July 4, 2024
Primex Technology Limited   50% owned by Yee Kar Wing; Director
GMS Enterprise (Hong Kong) Limited   100% owned by Primex Technology Limited; Director: Yee Kar Wing
Yee Kar Wing   Shareholder, Director, and CEO of the Company
Hui Wai Ming   Shareholder and COO of the Company

 

(a) Amounts due from / (to) related parties

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Leading Digital Supply Limited(i)     9,800      -      -  
Primex Technology Limited(ii)     75,924      30,256      3,879  
Total amounts due from related parties - trade     85,724      30,256      3,879  
Less: Allowance for credit losses     (7,684 )     (1,681 )     (216 )
Total amounts due from related parties – trade, net     78,040      28,575      3,663  
                
Yee Kar Wing(iii)     (5,276,517 )     (33,795 )     (4,333 )
Hui Wai Ming(iii)     (3,732,147 )     (645,120 )     (82,707 )
Total amounts due to related parties – non trade     (9,008,664 )     (678,915 )     (87,040 )

 

F-29
 

 

(b) Related party transactions

 

   For the year ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Purchase from GMS Enterprise (Hong Kong) Limited     21,551      -      -  
Service rendered to Leading Digital Supply Limited     540,200      240,500      30,833  
Service rendered to Primex Technology Limited     54,000      54,000      6,923  
Sales commission paid to Hui Wai Ming     -      12,500      1,603  
Dividend paid to Yee Kar Wing(iv)     6,097,976      5,277,024      676,541  
Dividend paid to Hui Wai Ming(iv)     2,392,580      3,060,000      392,308  

 

Terms of Transactions with Related Parties

 

The transactions with related parties are conducted on terms that, in management’s opinion, approximate arm’s length transactions. The pricing for services provided and goods sold to related parties is based on market rates for similar transactions with third parties. However, due to the nature of related party relationships, these transactions may not be at the same terms that would be available in an open market.

 

  (i)

Mr. Yee Kar Wing has ceased to be the shareholder and director of Leading Digital Supply Limited since July 4, 2024. The amount due from Leading Digital Supply Limited and the allowance for the credit loss on the amount due from Leading Digital Supply Limited as of December 31, 2024 were HK$9,800 (December 31, 2023: HK$9,800) and HK$974 (December 31, 2023: HK$136) respectively. These amounts were reallocated to accounts receivable and allowance for the credit losses on accounts receivable.

     
  (ii)

The amounts due from Primex Technology Limited represent receivables for IT infrastructure solutions and managed support services provided by the Company. This balance is subject to credit risk, and allowances / (reversal of allowances) for credit losses of HK$6,331 and (HK$5,867 (US$752)) were recognized for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

     
  (iii)

The balances presented as amounts due to related parties, non-trade as of December 31, 2024 reflect net positions after offsetting intercompany balances between Sereno and Vigorous:

 

The balance due to Mr. Yee Kar Wing (HK$33,795) represents a net amount, comprising:

- An amount payable of HK$84,495 recorded in the books of Sereno; and

- An amount receivable of HK$50,700 recorded in the books of Vigorous from Mr. Yee Kar Wing.

 

The balance due to Mr. Hui Wai Ming (HK$645,120) represents a net amount, comprising:

- A dividend payable of HK$672,420 recorded in Sereno’s books; and

- An amount receivable of HK$27,300 recorded in the books of Vigorous from Mr. Hui Wai Ming.

 

These balances are presented on a net basis in the consolidated financial statements to reflect the economic substance of the related party positions as of year-end. These balances are unsecured, interest-free, and without a fixed repayment term.

     
  (iv) On December 31, 2023, Sereno declared a dividend of HK$17,500,000 to Vigorous. In accordance with a written instruction of the Vigorous, the dividend will be paid directly to Yee Kar Wing and Hui Wai Ming, the ultimate shareholders of Vigorous. The transaction was fully authorized by the Board of Directors and documented in a board resolution. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of unpaid dividend to Mr. Yee Kar Wing and Mr. Hui Wai Ming were HK$0 and HK$672,420 respectively. No dividend was declared during the year ended December 31, 2024.

 

8. LEASES

 

The Company leases office space from third parties under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at the inception of the contract based on the terms of the agreement and whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Right-of-use (ROU) assets and corresponding lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term.

 

F-30
 

 

As the lease agreements do not specify an implicit rate, the Company used its incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate was estimated using market rates available for similar instruments with similar terms, adjusted for the Company’s credit risk and the lease term. The weighted average discount rate for operating leases as of December 31, 2024, was 5.875%.

 

The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material guarantees or restrictive covenants, and the Company has no finance leases or sublease activities as of December 31, 2024.

 

The Company elected the short-term lease exemption under ASC 842 for certain lease arrangements that have a lease term of 12 months or less and do not contain purchase options. The Company expenses these short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term and does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet for these leases.

 

The following table summarizes the supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to operating leases as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net     443,423      218,130      27,965  
Operating lease liabilities, current     225,293      218,130      27,965  
Operating lease liabilities, non-current     218,130      -      -  
Weighted average remaining lease terms – operating lease (months)     23      11      11  
Weighted average discount rate – operating lease     5.875 %     5.875 %     5.875 %

 

The following table summarizes the cash flow and expense information related to operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024:

 

   Year ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:                
Operating cashflows used in operating lease     235,604      225,293      28,884  
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease     461,624      -      -  
Operating lease expense(i)     243,006      244,824      31,388  

 

(i) The Company also has another short-term lease arrangement without a formal contract or specific end date. This lease commenced in January 2022 and carries a monthly expense of HK$15,000. The total short-term lease expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, was HK$180,000 (US$23,077), respectively, which was charged to general and administrative expenses.

 

F-31
 

 

Maturity of Lease Liabilities

 

The following table summarizes the maturity analysis of the Company’s undiscounted cash flows for operating leases as of December 31, 2024:

 

   As of
December 31, 2024
 
     HK$  
FY2025     224,422  
Total undiscounted lease payment     224,422  
less: imputed interest     (6,292 )
Total lease liabilities     218,130  

 

The Company’s leases do not contain any significant renewal options, escalation clauses or purchase options.

 

9. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Computer equipment     69,612      84,892      10,883  
Office furniture and fittings     22,095      22,095      2,833  
     91,707      106,987      13,716  
                
Less: Accumulated depreciation     (39,211 )     (64,390 )     (8,255 )
Property and equipment, net     52,496      42,597      5,461  

 

For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, the Company recorded depreciation expenses of HK$22,940 and HK$25,179 (US$3,228), respectively. No impairment loss was recognized for property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024.

 

Depreciation policy: Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses (if any). Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

 

  Computer equipment: 3 years
  Office furniture and fittings: 5 years

 

The estimated useful lives of the assets are reviewed periodically to determine whether adjustments are necessary. Depreciation commences once the asset is placed in service and continues until the asset is either fully depreciated or retired.

 

F-32
 

 

Impairment considerations: The Company evaluates its property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be fully recoverable. The impairment test compares the carrying value of the asset to its estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the carrying value exceeds the cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized based on the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the asset. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, no impairment indicators were identified, and no impairment losses were recognized.

 

Increase in property and equipment in 2024: The increase in property and equipment during 2024 is primarily related to the Company’s investments in new computer equipment to support the expansion of its operations and infrastructure. These assets are considered to be essential for supporting the Company’s growth initiatives and providing services to customers.

 

10. INTANGIBLE ASSET, NET

 

The Company’s intangible asset consists of an information technology service management system, a computer software platform that is not an integral part of a computer-controlled machine. The intangible asset is capitalized at cost, which includes development costs paid to the system developer and other directly attributable costs of preparing the asset for its intended use.

 

Capitalization Criteria: Development costs are capitalized when they meet the criteria for recognition as an intangible asset under ASC 350. Specifically, only costs incurred during the application development stage are capitalized. Costs incurred to enhance or extend the performance of the asset beyond its original specifications are also capitalized if they meet the recognition criteria. Maintenance costs or costs incurred during the preliminary project stage are expensed as incurred.

 

Following initial recognition, the intangible asset is carried at cost less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses. The asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life of 5 years, reflecting the period over which the Company expects to derive economic benefits from the asset.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the balances of the intangible asset are as follows:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Information technology service management system     2,206,846      3,404,743      436,506  
     2,206,846      3,404,743      436,506  
                
Less: accumulated amortization     (378,801 )     (1,060,316 )     (135,939 )
Intangible asset, net     1,828,045      2,344,427      300,567  

 

The increase in the intangible asset during 2024 represents additional development costs incurred to enhance and expand the system’s functionality, reflecting the Company’s ongoing investment in its proprietary software platform.

 

Amortization: Amortization of the intangible asset began in 2023 when the asset was ready for its intended use. The timing of amortization reflects the asset’s readiness for economic use, regardless of its actual deployment or operational use. Amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, were HK$378,801 and HK$681,515 (US$87,374), respectively. Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the asset’s useful life of 5 years.

 

F-33
 

 

Impairment Considerations: The Company reviews its intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. The impairment test compares the carrying amount to the undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset. If the carrying amount exceeds the undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the asset. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, no impairment indicators were identified, and no impairment losses were recognized.

 

11. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

 

The following table presents the balances of accounts payable as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Accounts payable     7,079,837      4,546,960      582,944  

 

Accounts payable represent amounts due to suppliers for subcontracting fees, hardware costs, software license costs, and IT application license costs.

 

Payment Terms

 

The Company’s accounts payable are current liabilities, typically due within 30 to 90 days of the invoice date, depending on the terms negotiated with each supplier. The Company’s payment practices aim to align with standard industry terms and cash flow management practices.

 

Liquidity and Risk Management

 

The Company regularly assesses its liquidity needs and monitors its ability to meet short-term obligations. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has sufficient cash and cash equivalents to settle its current liabilities, including accounts payable, as they become due.

 

The Company does not anticipate any liquidity constraints in settling remaining payables and maintains adequate working capital reserves to ensure the timely settlement of all liabilities.

 

12. ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

 

The following table presents the balances of accrued expenses and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Payroll and welfare payables     272,685      798,023      102,311  
Accrued expenses     1,250,987      40,788      5,229  
     1,523,672      838,811      107,540  

 

F-34
 

 

Payroll and Welfare Payables: The payroll and welfare payables represent amounts owed to employees for services rendered and the associated mandatory provident fund (MPF) contributions. Under the Hong Kong MPF Scheme, the Company is required to make contributions based on a percentage of qualified employees’ salaries. The Company recognized employee benefit expenses of HK$3,513,248 and HK$5,738,353 (US$735,686) for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

 

Composition of Accrued Expenses

 

Accrued expenses primarily consist of amounts due for office operating expenses related to ongoing operational activities. These expenses are recognized as liabilities when the Company has received the services but has not yet paid for them as of the balance sheet date.

 

Timing and Classification

 

All amounts recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities are classified as current liabilities and are expected to be settled within 12 months of the balance sheet date. These liabilities represent the Company’s short-term obligations and are due in the normal course of business operations.

 

Employee Benefit Accrual Methodology

 

The Company calculates its employee benefit liabilities, including MPF contributions, based on statutory requirements and internal compensation policies. Contributions are calculated as a percentage of each eligible employee’s gross salary and are accrued monthly in accordance with ASC 710 (Compensation). The contributions are made to the MPF on behalf of employees as required under the Hong Kong Legislative Council’s regulations.

 

Liquidity Management

 

The Company continually monitors its cash flow and liquidity to ensure that it can meet its short-term obligations, including accrued expenses and employee benefits. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has sufficient cash reserves to settle these liabilities as they become due. The Company does not anticipate any liquidity constraints that would impact its ability to meet these obligations in a timely manner.

 

13. INCOME TAXES

 

Cayman Islands

 

The Company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to income or capital gains taxes. In addition, dividend payments are not subject to withholdings tax in the Cayman Islands.

 

F-35
 

 

British Virgin Islands

 

Vigorous is incorporated in British Virgin Islands and conducts its primary business operations through the subsidiary in Hong Kong. Under the current laws of British Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and the Company is therefore not subject to tax on income or capital gains arising in British Virgin Islands. Additionally, upon payments of dividends by the Company to its shareholders, no British Virgin Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

 

Hong Kong

 

Sereno is subject to a two-tiered income tax rate in Hong Kong. The first HK$2,000,000 of profits are taxed at a rate of 8.25%, while any remaining profits are taxed at the standard rate of 16.5%.

 

The following table summarizes the composition of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024:

 

   For the years ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Current income tax expense     2,010,472      2,199,591      281,999  
Deferred tax expenses     151,343      1,063     136
     2,161,815      2,200,654      282,135  

 

Tax Rate Reconciliation

 

The reconciliation between the Hong Kong statutory income tax rate applicable to the Company’s profits and the income tax expense is presented below:

 

   For the years ended December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Profit before provision for income taxes     14,267,488      14,070,908      1,803,963  
                
Income tax expenses computed at statutory rate     2,354,135      2,321,699      297,654  
Tax effect of preferential tax rate     (165,000 )     (165,000 )     (21,154 )
Tax effect of expenses not deductible for tax purpose     -      53,307      6,834  
Tax effect of income not subject to tax     (26,795 )     (7,852 )     (1,007 )
Tax effect on temporary difference not recognized in previous period     2,475      -      -  
Tax effect of tax deduction     (3,000 )     (1,500 )     (192 )
Total income tax expense     2,161,815      2,200,654      282,135  

 

F-36
 

 

Deferred Taxes

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Deferred tax liabilities, net, beginning balance:                
Accelerated tax depreciation     (214,365 )     (309,198 )     (39,641 )
Allowance for the credit losses on accounts receivable     139,041      81,463      10,444  
Allowance for the credit losses on amount due from related companies     201      1,268      163  
Total deferred tax liabilities     (75,123 )     (226,467 )     (29,034 )
Charged to consolidated statement of operations:                
Accelerated tax depreciation     (94,833 )     (83,788 )     (10,742 )
(Reversal of allowance) / Allowance for the credit losses on accounts receivable     (57,578 )     83,715      10,733  
Allowance for the credit losses on amount due from related companies     1,067      (990 )     (127 )
Deferred tax liabilities, net, ending balance     (226,467 )     (227,530 )     (29,170 )

 

Realization of Deferred Tax Assets

 

The realization of the net deferred tax assets is dependent upon several factors, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and the generation of adequate future taxable income. The Company evaluates the potential realization of deferred tax assets on an entity-by-entity basis, considering both positive and negative evidence.

 

The Company assesses deferred tax assets under the “more-likely-than-not” criteria, based on recurring profitability and the expected availability of future taxable income to offset temporary differences and tax loss carry forwards. Tax loss carry forwards are assessed with respect to their expiration periods and the probability of future taxable income sufficient to utilize these losses.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, the Company did not recognize any valuation allowance as management determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets due to recurring profits. The assessment considered historical performance, future profitability projections, and tax planning strategies.

 

F-37
 

 

Uncertain Tax Positions

 

In accordance with ASC 740-10, the Company evaluates each uncertain tax position based on its technical merits, and measures any unrecognized benefits associated with tax positions. Each position is reviewed individually, considering past audits, interpretations of tax law, and developments in tax regulations. The Company assesses whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination by the relevant tax authorities, based solely on the technical merits of the position.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions. The Company also did not accrue any liability, interest, or penalties related to uncertain tax positions, as there were no positions where it was determined that an unfavourable outcome was probable.

 

The Company continues to monitor developments in tax law and evaluates any changes in its tax positions on a quarterly basis. Should any uncertain tax positions arise in the future, the Company will measure and record any potential liabilities in accordance with ASC 740.

 

14. BANK BORROWINGS

 

The following table presents the balances of bank borrowings as of December 31, 2023 and 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Bank borrowings, current portion     -      284,404      36,462  
Bank borrowings, non-current portion     -      4,715,596      604,564  
     -      5,000,000      641,026  

 

On May 27, 2024, Sereno secured an instalment bank loan of HK$5,000,000 (US$641,026) under the SME Financing Guarantee Scheme with a 100% guarantee provided by HKMC Insurance Limited. The loan is backed by an unlimited personal guarantee from the Company’s shareholders. The interest of the loan shall be calculated at the prime rate quoted by the bank from time to time minus 2.25% per annum, i.e. 3.625% per annum at the first drawdown date of the loan. The loan is scheduled to be repaid over 120 monthly instalments, starting from June 26, 2024, and continuing through May 26, 2034. The first 12 months shall be of interest payment only and the remaining instalments after the first 12 months shall be equal instalment payments comprising principal and interest payment. The annual interest rate of the loan has been reduced to 3.0% in December 2024.

 

Interest related to the bank borrowings was HK$ Nil and HK$100,939 (US$12,941) for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024 respectively.

 

As of December 31, 2024, the borrowing will be due according to the following schedule:

 

  

As of

December 31, 2024

 
     HK$  
Within 1 Year     284,404  
Between 1 to 2 Years     500,047  
Between 2 to 3 Years     515,256  
Between 3 to 4 Years     530,907  
Between 4 to 5 Years     547,082  
Between 5 to 6 Years     563,716  
Between 6 to 7 Years     580,862  
Between 7 to 8 Years     598,512  
Between 8 to 9 Years     616,736  
Between 9 to 10 Years     262,478  
     5,000,000  

 

15. EQUITY

 

Ordinary shares

 

The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on October 8, 2024 as an investment holding company with authorized share capital of US$50,000 divided into 50,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$0.001 each. One ordinary share was issued on October 8, 2024. The authorized share capital was changed to 500,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$0.0001 each and the one issued share was sub-divided into 10 ordinary shares on October 18, 2024. The Company completed a reorganization on October 24, 2024 following which Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited and Sereno Cloud Solution HK Limited came under the control of the Company. 32,500,000 ordinary shares of par value US$0.0001 each was in issue on October 24, 2024.

 

16. EARNING PER SHARE

 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2024:

 

   As of December 31,  
   2023    2024  
   HK$    HK$    US$ (Note 2(e))  
Numerator:                
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share – net income attributable to the Company’s shareholders     12,105,673      11,870,254      1,521,828  
                
Denominator:                
Denominator for basic and diluted net income per share – weighted average number of shares*     32,500,000      32,500,000      32,500,000  
                
Basic and diluted earnings per share:     0.37      0.37      0.05  

 

* Retroactively presented for the effect of reorganization for the Company’s initial public offering

 

Explanation of EPS Calculation

 

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to the Company’s shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, the Company had 32,500,000 ordinary shares outstanding, and there were no changes in the number of shares during the periods presented.

 

F-38
 

 

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to the Company’s shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, including the effect of all potentially dilutive securities, if any. For the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024, the Company had no dilutive securities outstanding, resulting in basic and diluted earnings per share being the same.

 

No Potential Dilutive or Anti-Dilutive Securities

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company did not have any options, warrants, convertible securities, or other instruments that could potentially dilute the earnings per share calculation. Therefore, the Company’s basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share are the same for both years.

 

Additional Information

 

The weighted average number of shares used in the calculation of EPS remained consistent at 32,500,000 ordinary shares for the years ended December 31, 2023, and 2024. There were no changes in the number of shares issued or outstanding during these periods.

 

17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

(a) Commitments

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company had no capital expenditure commitments or other significant contractual obligations. The Company continuously monitors its capital needs and has the financial flexibility to adjust to future investment requirements. The Company has no plans for material capital expenditures at this time.

 

(b) Contingencies

 

The Company may become involved in legal proceedings, investigations, and regulatory actions arising in the ordinary course of business. These proceedings could include disputes with vendors, customers, or regulatory bodies. The outcomes of such proceedings are inherently uncertain, and while the Company does not currently anticipate that any such matters will have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, it continues to assess legal risks on an ongoing basis.

 

As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, the Company was not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings that would require disclosure under ASC 450 (Contingencies). The Company has established internal controls to monitor and assess the potential impact of legal and regulatory risks, and regularly consults with external legal counsel to ensure that any developments are accounted for in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

 

The Company maintains insurance coverage for various types of potential liabilities, including general liability, product liability, and director and officer liability, which management believes is adequate to protect against the majority of potential legal claims.

 

The Company continually monitors developments in its legal environment and updates its assessments regularly. If any legal proceedings are anticipated to result in a loss that is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company will recognize a provision for that loss in accordance with ASC 450. However, as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, no such provisions have been recognized.

 

Additionally, the Company does not expect any significant contingencies in the near term that would materially impact its financial position or operations.

 

18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

The Company evaluated all subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date through the date of this report, which is the date the consolidated financial statements were available to be issued. This evaluation was performed in accordance with the requirements of ASC 855 (Subsequent Events).

 

As part of this evaluation, the Company reviewed all significant events occurring between the balance sheet date and the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements to determine whether any recognized subsequent events (events that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the balance sheet date) or non-recognized subsequent events (events that provide evidence about conditions that arose after the balance sheet date) required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

 

Based on this evaluation, the Company determined that there were no subsequent events required adjustment or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-39
 

 

PART II

 

Information Not Required In Prospectus

 

ITEM 6. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.

 

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Under our post-IPO memorandum and articles of association, which will become effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering, to the fullest extent permissible under Cayman Islands law every director and officer of our company shall be indemnified against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by him, other than by reason of such person’s own dishonesty, willful default or fraud, in connection with the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions as a director or officer of our company, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by him in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere.

 

Pursuant to the form of indemnification agreements to be filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Registration Statement, we will agree to indemnify our directors and officers against certain liabilities and expenses that they incur in connection with claims made by reason of their being a director or officer of our company.

 

The Underwriting Agreement, the form of which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration Statement, will also provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

(a) ITEM 7. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.

 

During the past three years, we have issued and sold the following securities without registering the securities under the Securities Act. We believe that each of the following issuances was exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act, regarding transactions not involving a public offering, or in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act regarding sales by an issuer in offshore transactions. None of the transactions involved an underwriter.

 

Purchaser

 

Date of Sale or Issuance

 

Title and Number of Securities

 

Consideration

YEE Kar Wing   October 8, 2024   1 Ordinary Shares   US$        0.001
YEE Kar Wing   October 18, 2024   10 Ordinary Shares   US$ N.A.
Shareholders of Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited   October 24, 2024   32,499,990 Ordinary Shares   Shares in Vigorous Elite Holdings Limited
Rainbow Sun Enterprises Limited   October 24, 2024   10 Ordinary Shares   US$ 1.00

 

II-1

 

 

(b) ITEM 8. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

 

(a) Exhibits

 

See Exhibit Index beginning on page II-3 of this registration statement.

 

(b) Financial Statement Schedules

 

Schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the Combined and Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.

 

(c) ITEM 9. UNDERTAKINGS.

 

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 6, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

 

(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

 

(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

II-2

 

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

 

Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit Number

 

Description of Document

1.1   Form of Underwriting Agreement
3.1†   Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant, as currently in effect
4.1   Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Ordinary Shares
4.2   Form of Representative’s Warrants
5.1   Opinion of Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP regarding the validity of the Ordinary Shares being registered
5.2   Opinion of Sidley Austin regarding the enforceability of Representative’s Warrants
8.1   Opinion of Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP regarding certain Cayman Islands tax matters (included in Exhibit 5.1)
10.1†   Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and executive officers
10.2†   Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its executive director
10.3†   Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its executive officer
10.4†   Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its independent directors
10.5   2025 Share Incentive Plan
14.1†   Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant
19.1†   Insider Trading and Confidentiality Policy of the Registrant
21.1†   List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1   Consent of Assentsure PAC, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
23.2   Consent of Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.3  

Consent of Sidley Austin (included in Exhibit 5.2)

24.1†   Powers of Attorney (included on signature page)
99.1†   Consent of Shi Cheuk Kwan to Act as Independent Director
99.2†   Consent of Tsang Chi Hon to Act as Independent Director
99.3†   Consent of Wong Ka Lun to Act as Independent Director
107   Filing Fee Table

 

 

Previously filed.

 

II-3

 

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Hong Kong, on May 28, 2025.

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited    
     
  By: /s/ Yee Kar Wing
  Name: Yee Kar Wing
  Title: Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

 

II-4

 

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature   Title   Date
         
/s/ Yee Kar Wing   Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director   May 28, 2025
Name: Yee Kar Wing   (principal executive officer)    
         
/s/ Wong Chung Wai   Chief Financial Officer   May 28, 2025
Name: Wong Chung Wai   (principal financial and principal accounting officer)    
         
/s/ Shi Cheuk Kwan       May 28, 2025
Name: Shi Cheuk Kwan   Independent Director    
         
/s/ Tsang Chi Hon       May 28, 2025
Name: Tsang Chi Hon   Independent Director    
         
/s/ Wong Ka Lun       May 28, 2025
Name: Wong Ka Lun   Independent Director    

 

II-5

 

 

Signature of Authorized Representative in the United States

 

Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited, has signed this registration statement or amendment thereto in New York, New York, United States on May 28, 2025.

 

Authorized U.S. Representative    
     
  Cogency Global Inc.
   
  By: /s/ Colleen A. De Vries
  Name: Colleen A. De Vries
  Title: Sr. Vice President on behalf of Cogency Global Inc.

 

II-6

 

 

Exhibit 1.1

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

 

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

 

, 2025

 

MAXIM GROUP LLC

300 Park Avenue, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10022

 

As Representative of the Underwriters

named on Schedule I hereto

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

The undersigned, ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited, an exempted company duly incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Company”), hereby confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) to issue and sell to the underwriter or underwriters, as the case may be, named in Schedule I hereto (each, an “Underwriter” and, collectively, the “Underwriters;”), for whom Maxim Group LLC is acting as representative (in such capacity, the “Representative”), (A) an aggregate of __________ ordinary shares (the “Firm Shares”) par value $0.0001 per share of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) and (B) at the election of the Representative, up to an additional _______ ordinary shares (the “Option Shares”, and together with the Firm Shares, the “Shares”). The offering and sale of the Shares contemplated by this Agreement is referred to herein as the “Offering”.

 

1. Securities; Over-Allotment Option.

 

(a) Purchase of Firm Shares. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to issue and sell, severally and not jointly, to the several Underwriters, an aggregate of __________ Firm Shares at a purchase price of $_____ per Firm Share which represents a 7.5% discount to the initial public offering price per Firm Share (the “Firm Share Purchase Price”).

 

(b) The Underwriters, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase from the Company the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule I attached hereto and made a part hereof.

 

(c) Payment and Delivery. Delivery and payment for the Firm Shares shall be made at 4:00 p.m., New York time, on the first Business Day after the Applicable Time or at certain other time as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company at the offices of the Representative or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company. The hour and date of delivery and payment for the Firm Shares is called the “Closing Date.” The closing of the payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of certificates representing, the Firm Shares is referred to herein as the “Closing.” Payment for the Firm Shares shall be made on the Closing Date by wire transfer in Federal (same day) funds upon delivery to you of certificates (in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters) representing the Firm Shares (or through the full fast transfer facilities of the Depository Trust Company (the “DTC”)) for the account of the Underwriters. The Firm Shares shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denominations as the Representative may request in writing one Business Day prior to the Closing Date. The Company will permit the Representative to examine and package the Firm Shares for delivery, one Business Day prior to the Closing Date. The Company shall not be obligated to sell or deliver the Firm Shares except upon tender of payment by the Representative for all the Firm Shares.

 

1

 

 

(d) Over-allotment Option. For the purposes of covering any over-allotments in connection with the distribution and sale of the Firm Shares, the Representative on behalf of the Underwriters are hereby granted an option (the “Over-Allotment Option”) for a period of forty-five (45) days after the closing of this Offering to purchase up to an additional _______ Option Shares, which equal to 15% of the Firm Shares. The purchase price to be paid for the Option Shares subject to the Over-Allotment Option will be equal to the Firm Share Purchase Price.

 

(e) Exercise of Option. The Over-allotment Option granted pursuant to Section 1(d) hereof may be exercised by the Representative as to all (at any time) or any part (from time to time) of the Option Shares within 45 days after the Closing Date. The Underwriters will not be under any obligation to purchase any of such Option Shares prior to the exercise of the Over-allotment Option. The Over-allotment Option granted hereby may be exercised by the giving of written notice to the Company from the Representative, setting forth the number of Option Shares to be purchased and the date and time for delivery of and payment for such Option Shares, which will not be later than two Business Days after the date of the notice or such other time as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative, at the offices of the Representative or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative. If such delivery and payment for all of the Option Shares does not occur on the Closing Date, the date and time of the closing for such Option Shares will be as set forth in the notice (hereinafter the “Option Closing Date”). Upon exercise of the Over-allotment Option, the Company will become obligated to convey to the Underwriters, and, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Underwriters will become obligated to purchase, the number of Option Shares specified in such notice. If any Option Shares are to be purchased, each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the number of Option Shares (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional securities as the Representative may determine) that bears the same proportion to the number of Firm Shares to be purchased as set forth on Schedule I opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm Shares.

 

(f) Payment and Delivery of Option Shares. Payment for Option Shares shall be made on the Option Closing Date by wire transfer in Federal (same day) funds by deposit of the price for the Option Shares being purchased to the Company upon delivery to the Underwriters of certificates (in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters) representing such Option Shares (or through the full fast transfer facilities of DTC) for the account of the Underwriters. The certificates representing the Option Shares to be delivered will be in such denominations and registered in such names as the Representative requests not less than one Business Day prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be, and will be made available to the Representative for inspection, checking and packaging at the aforesaid office of the Company’s transfer agent or correspondent not less than one Business Day prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as the case may be.

 

2

 

 

(g) Representative’s Warrants. The Company hereby agrees to issue to the Representative (and/or its designees) on the Closing Date, Warrants to purchase ______ Ordinary Shares (the “Closing Representative’s Warrants”), which equal to five percent 5% of the Firm Shares, and, on each Option Closing Date, Warrants to purchase a number of Ordinary Shares up to an aggregate of five percent (5%) of the number of Option Shares issued at such Option Closing Date (the “Option Representative’s Warrants” and, together with the Closing Representative’s Warrants, the “Representative’s Warrants”). The Representative’s Warrants shall be exercisable, in whole or in part, commencing six (6) months from the effective date (the “Effective Date”) of the Registration Statement and expiring on the five-year anniversary of such date at an initial exercise price of $____ per Ordinary Share, which is equal to one hundred and ten percent (110%) of the Offering price of a Share. The Representative’s Warrants shall not be redeemable. The Company shall register the shares underlying the Representative’s Warrants under the Act and will file all necessary undertakings in connection therewith. The Representative’s Warrants may not be transferred, assigned or hypothecated for a period of eighteen (18) months following the Closing, except that they may be assigned, in whole or in part, to any successor, officer, manager or member of the Representative (or to officers, managers or members of any such successor or member), and to members of the underwriting syndicate or selling group. The Representative’s Warrants may be exercised as to all or a lesser number of Ordinary Shares, will provide for cashless exercise at all times and will contain provisions for one demand registration of the sale of the underlying Ordinary Shares at the Company’s expense, an additional demand registration at the warrant holders’ expense, and unlimited “piggyback” registration rights for a period of five years after the Closing at the Company’s expense. The Representative’s Warrants shall further provide for anti-dilution protection (adjustment in the number and price of such warrants and the shares underlying such warrants) resulting from corporate events (which would include dividends, reorganizations, mergers, etc.) and future issuance of ordinary shares or ordinary shares equivalents at prices (or with exercise and/or conversion prices) below the Offering price. The Representative’s Warrants and the Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Representative’s Warrants are hereinafter referred to collectively as the “Representative’s Securities.” The Representative’s Securities and the Shares shall be collectively referred to as the “Securities.”

 

2. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents, warrants and covenants to, and agrees with, each of the Underwriters that, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date:

 

(a) The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement on Form F-1 (Registration No. 333-[ ]), and amendments thereto, and related preliminary prospectuses for the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of the Securities which registration statement, as so amended (including post-effective amendments, if any), has been declared effective by the Commission and copies of which have heretofore been delivered to the Underwriters. The registration statement, as amended at the time it became effective, including the prospectus, financial statements, schedules, exhibits and other information (if any) deemed to be part of the registration statement at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A under the Securities Act, is hereinafter referred to as the “Registration Statement.” If the Company has filed or is required pursuant to the terms hereof to file a registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act registering additional Securities (a “Rule 462(b) Registration Statement”), then, unless otherwise specified, any reference herein to the term “Registration Statement” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. Other than a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, which, if filed, becomes effective upon filing, no other document with respect to the Registration Statement has heretofore been filed with the Commission. All of the Securities have been registered under the Securities Act pursuant to the Registration Statement or, if any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is filed, will be duly registered under the Securities Act with the filing of such Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. The Company has responded to all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information. Based on communications from the Commission, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of either the Registration Statement or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, has been issued and no proceeding for that purpose has been initiated or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission (the “Rules and Regulations”), proposes to file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (“Rule 424(b)”). The prospectus, in the form in which it is to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), or, if the prospectus is not to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), the prospectus in the form included as part of the Registration Statement at the time the Registration Statement became effective, is hereinafter referred to as the “Prospectus,” except that if any revised prospectus or prospectus supplement shall be provided to the Underwriters by the Company for use in connection with the Offering which differs from the Prospectus (whether or not such revised prospectus or prospectus supplement is required to be filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b)), the term “Prospectus” shall also refer to such revised prospectus or prospectus supplement, as the case may be, from and after the time it is first provided to the Underwriters for such use. Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus subject to completion included in the Registration Statement or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act is hereafter called a “Preliminary Prospectus.” Any reference herein to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the exhibits incorporated by reference therein pursuant to the Rules and Regulations on or before the Effective Date of the Registration Statement, the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the date of the Prospectus, as the case may be. Any reference herein to the terms “amend”, “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include: (i) the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and together with the Rules and Regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Exchange Act”) after the Effective Date, the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the date of the Prospectus, as the case may be, which is incorporated therein by reference, and (ii) any such document so filed. All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, a Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, shall be deemed to include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (“EDGAR”). The Prospectus delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the Offering was or will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T promulgated by the Commission.

 

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(b) At the time of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement or the effectiveness of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, when the Prospectus is first filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), when any supplement to or amendment of the Prospectus is filed with the Commission, when any document filed under the Exchange Act was or is filed, at all other subsequent times until the completion of the public offer and sale of the Securities, and at the Closing Date, if any, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendments thereof and supplements or exhibits thereto complied or will comply in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations, and did not and will not, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, contain an untrue statement of a material fact and did not and will not, as of the date of such amendment or supplement, omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein: (i) in the case of the Registration Statement, not misleading, and (ii) in the case of the Prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made as of its date, not misleading. When any Preliminary Prospectus was first filed with the Commission (whether filed as part of the registration statement for the registration of the Securities or any amendment thereto or pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act) and when any amendment thereof or supplement thereto was first filed with the Commission, such Preliminary Prospectus and any amendments thereof and supplements thereto complied in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations and did not contain an untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No representation and warranty is made in this subsection (b), however, with respect to any information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any related Preliminary Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative specifically for use therein. The parties acknowledge and agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Underwriter consists solely of: the statements set forth in the “Underwriting” section of the Prospectus only insofar as such statements relate to the names and corresponding share amounts set forth in the table of Underwriters, the amount of selling concession and re-allowance or to over-allotment and related activities that may be undertaken by the Underwriters and the paragraph relating to stabilization by the Underwriters (the “Underwriters’ Information”).

 

(c) Neither: (i) any Issuer-Represented General Free Writing Prospectus(es) (as defined below) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time (as defined below) and the Statutory Prospectus (as defined below), all considered together (collectively, the “General Disclosure Package”), nor (ii) any individual Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus(es) (as defined below) when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, includes or included as of the Applicable Time any untrue statement of a material fact or omits or omitted as of the Applicable Time to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The preceding sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Statutory Prospectus included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or any Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information. Each of (i) any electronic road show or investor presentation (including without limitation any “bona fide electronic road show” as defined in Rule 433(h)(5) under the Securities Act) delivered to and approved by the Underwriters for use in connection with the marketing of the Offering as of the time of their use and at the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, if any and (ii) any individual Written Testing-the-Waters Communication (as defined herein), when considered together with the General Disclosure Package at the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, if any, did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

 

(d) Each Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times until the Closing Date or until any earlier date that the Company notified or notifies the Representative as described in the next sentence, did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the then-current Registration Statement, Statutory Prospectus or Prospectus. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the then-current Registration Statement, Statutory Prospectus or Prospectus relating to the Securities or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company has notified or will notify promptly the Representative so that any use of such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus may cease until it is promptly amended or supplemented by the Company, at its own expense, to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission. The preceding two sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information.

 

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(e) The Company has not distributed and will not distribute any prospectus or other offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities other than the General Disclosure Package, any Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus or other materials permitted by the Securities Act to be distributed by the Company. Unless the Company obtains the prior consent of the Representative, the Company has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, required to be filed with the Commission; provided that the prior written consent of the Representative shall be deemed to have been given in respect of any free writing prospectus referenced on Schedule II attached hereto. The Company has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act applicable to any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the Closing Date, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. To the extent an electronic road show is used, the Company has satisfied and will satisfy the conditions in Rule 433 under the Securities Act to avoid a requirement to file with the Commission any electronic road show.

 

(f) The Representative agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Company, it will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise (without taking into account any approval, authorization, use or reference thereto by the Company) constitute a “free writing prospectus” required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433 of the Securities Act; provided that the prior written consent of the Company hereto shall be deemed to have been given in respect of any Issuer-Represented General Free Writing Prospectuses referenced on Schedule II attached hereto.

 

(g) As used in this Agreement, the terms set forth below shall have the following meanings:

 

(i) “Applicable Time” means __________, 2025, ____a.m./p.m. (Eastern time) on the date of this Agreement.

 

(ii) “Statutory Prospectus” as of any time means the prospectus that is included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to that time. For purposes of this definition, information contained in a form of prospectus that is deemed retroactively to be a part of the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430A or 430B shall be considered to be included in the Statutory Prospectus as of the actual time that form of prospectus is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act.

 

(iii) “Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, relating to the Securities that (A) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, or (B) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) under the Securities Act because it contains a description of the Securities or of the Offering that does not reflect the final terms or pursuant to Rule 433(d)(8)(ii) because it is a “bona fide electronic road show,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g) under the Securities Act.

 

(iv) “Issuer-Represented General Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors, as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule II to this Agreement.

 

(v) “Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer-Represented General Free Writing Prospectus. The term Issuer-Represented Limited-Use Free Writing Prospectus also includes any “bona fide electronic road show,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, that is made available without restriction pursuant to Rule 433(d)(8)(ii), even though not required to be filed with the Commission.

 

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(vi) Assentsure PAC (the “Auditor”), whose reports relating to the Company are included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”). To the Company’s knowledge, the Auditor is not in violation of the auditor independence requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“Sarbanes-Oxley”). The Auditor has not, during the periods covered by the financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, provided to the Company any non-audit services, as such term is used in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act.

 

(h) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is presented in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus: (i) the Company has not declared, paid or made any dividends or other distributions of any kind on or in respect of its capital stock, and (ii) there has been no material adverse change (or, to the knowledge of the Company, any development which would reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change in the future), whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, in or affecting: (A) the business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, shareholders’ equity, properties or prospects of the Company; (B) the long-term debt or capital stock of the Company; or (C) the Offering or consummation of any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Representative Warrants, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (a “Material Adverse Change”). Since the date of the latest balance sheet presented in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not incurred or undertaken any liabilities or obligations, whether direct or indirect, liquidated or contingent, matured or unmatured, or entered into any transactions, including any acquisition or disposition of any business or asset, which are material to the Company, except for liabilities, obligations and transactions which are disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

(i) As of the dates indicated in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the authorized, issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company were as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus in the column headed “Actual” under the section thereof captioned “Capitalization” and, after giving effect to the Offering and the other transactions (excluding the offer and sale of the Option Shares) contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will be as set forth in the column headed “As Adjusted” in such section. All of the issued shares of capital stock of the Company, including the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company, have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with all applicable state, federal and securities laws and none of those shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to the extent any such rights were not waived; the Shares have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered against payment therefore as provided in this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, and the issuance of the Securities is not subject to any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights that have not heretofore been waived (with copies of such waivers provided to the Underwriters); and no holder of any Shares or any Ordinary Shares is or will be subject to personal liability by reason of being such a holder. The Securities conform to the descriptions thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

(j) Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (A) there are no outstanding rights (contractual or otherwise), warrants or options to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, or agreements or understandings with respect to the sale or issuance of, any shares of capital stock of or other equity interest in the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and (B) there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and/or any of its Subsidiaries and any person granting such person the right to require the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act or otherwise register any securities of the Company owned or to be owned by such person and any such rights so disclosed have been waived by the holders thereof in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby including the Offering;

 

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(k) The Company is a “foreign private issuer” within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act.

 

(l) The Ordinary Shares underlying the Representative’s Warrants have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance, conform to the description thereof in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and have been validly reserved for issuance and will, upon exercise of the Representative’s Warrants and payment of the exercise price thereof, be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and will not have been issued in violation of or be subject to preemptive or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company and the holders thereof will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders.

 

(m) The subsidiaries of the Company (the “Subsidiaries”), together with their respective jurisdictions of incorporation are listed on Schedule IV hereto. Each of the Subsidiaries is directly or indirectly wholly-owned by the Company and no person or entity has any right to acquire any equity interest in any of the Subsidiaries. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company holds no ownership or other interest, nominal or beneficial, direct or indirect, in any corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business.

 

(n) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries has been duly incorporated and validly exists as a company, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or has been duly formed and validly exists as a limited liability company under the laws of the jurisdiction of its formation. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries has all requisite power and authority to carry on its business as it is currently being conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and to own, lease and operate its properties. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation, partnership or limited liability company in each jurisdiction in which the character or location of its properties (owned, leased or licensed) or the nature or conduct of its business makes such qualification necessary, except, in each case, for those failures to be so qualified or in good standing which (individually and in the aggregate) would not reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on: (i) the business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, shareholders’ equity, properties or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as a whole; (ii) the long-term debt or capital stock of the Company; or (iii) the Offering or consummation of any of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (any such effect being a “Material Adverse Effect”).

 

(o) To the knowledge of the Company, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is: (i) in violation of its amended and restated memorandum and articles of incorporation or bylaws or other organizational documents (ii) in default under any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound or to which any of its property or assets is subject; and no event has occurred which, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute a default under or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, security interest, charge or other encumbrance (a “Lien”) upon any of its property or assets pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it is bound or to which any of its property or assets is subject, or (iii) in violation in any respect of any law, rule, regulation, ordinance, directive, judgment, decree or order of any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body, foreign or domestic, except, in the case of subsections (ii) and (iii) above, for such violations or defaults which (individually or in the aggregate) would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(p) The Company has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement, the Representative’s Warrants and all other agreements, documents, certificates and instruments required to be delivered pursuant to this Agreement and the Representative’s Warrants. The Company has duly and validly authorized this Agreement, the Representative’s Warrants and each of the transactions contemplated thereby. This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company and are enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, except (i) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally; (ii) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under federal and state securities laws; and (iii) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.

 

(q) When issued, the Representative’s Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company to issue and sell, upon exercise thereof and payment of the respective exercise prices therefor, the number and type of securities of the Company called for thereby in accordance with the terms thereof and the Representative’s Warrants are enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except: (i) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally; (ii) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under foreign, federal and state securities laws; and (iii) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.

 

(r) The execution, delivery, and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the Representative’s Warrants and all other agreements, documents, certificates and instruments required to be delivered pursuant to this Agreement, and the Representative’s Warrants and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not: (i) conflict with, require consent under or result in a breach of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any Lien upon any property or assets of the Company of any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement, instrument, franchise, license or permit to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties, operations or assets may be bound or (ii) violate or conflict with any provision of the certificate of incorporation, by-laws, or other organizational documents of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iii) violate or conflict with any law, rule, regulation, ordinance, directive, judgment, decree or order of any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iv) except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, trigger a reset or repricing of any outstanding securities of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

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(s) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries have all material consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, registrations, qualifications, licenses, filings and permits of, with and from all judicial, regulatory and other legal or governmental agencies and bodies and all third parties, foreign and domestic (collectively, the “Consents”), to own, lease and operate their respective properties and conduct their respective businesses as they are now being conducted and as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and each such Consent is valid and in full force and effect, except which (individually or in the aggregate), in each such case, would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received notice of any investigation or proceedings which results in or, if decided adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries could reasonably be expected to result in, the revocation of, or imposition of a materially burdensome restriction on, any Consent. No Consent contains a materially burdensome restriction not adequately disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

(t) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is in compliance with all material applicable laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, directives, judgments, decrees and orders, foreign and domestic, except for any non-compliance the consequences of which would not have or reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.).

 

(u) The Company has filed with the Commission a Form 8-A (File Number 001-________) providing for the registration of the Ordinary Shares (the “Form 8-A Registration Statement”). The Ordinary Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The Form 8-A Registration Statement was declared effective by the Commission on or prior to the date hereof. The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Ordinary Shares under the Exchange Act, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration;

 

(v) The Ordinary Shares have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange American, subject to official notice of issuance (“NYSE American”, the “Exchange”), and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting the Ordinary Shares from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any notification that the Exchange is contemplating terminating such listing.

 

(w) No consent of, with or from any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body or any third party, foreign or domestic is required for the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement or the Representative’s Warrants or the consummation of each of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including the issuance, sale and delivery of the Securities to be issued, sold and delivered hereunder, except (i) such as may have previously been obtained (with copies of such consents provided to the Underwriters), (ii) the registration under the Securities Act of the Securities, which has become effective, (iii) such consents as may be required under state securities or blue sky laws or the by-laws and rules of the NYSE American, and (iii) the FINRA’s approval in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Securities by the Underwriters, each of which has been obtained and is in full force and effect.

 

(x) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no judicial, regulatory, arbitral or other legal or governmental proceeding or other litigation or arbitration, domestic or foreign, pending to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or of which any property, operations or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is the subject which, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s knowledge, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no such proceeding, litigation or arbitration is threatened or contemplated and the defense of any such proceedings, litigation and arbitration against or involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(y) The financial statements, including the notes thereto, and the supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and present fairly in all material respects the financial position as of the dates indicated and the cash flows and results of operations for the periods specified of the Company. Except as otherwise stated in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, said financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except in the case of unaudited financials which are subject to normal year-end adjustments and do not contain certain footnotes. The supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the information required to be stated therein. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus. The other financial information included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the information included therein and have been prepared on a basis consistent with that of the financial statements that are included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and the books and records of the respective entities presented therein.

 

(z) There are no pro forma or as adjusted financial statements which are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus in accordance with Regulation S-X which have not been included as so required. The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus has been properly compiled and prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations and include all adjustments necessary to present fairly in accordance with GAAP the pro forma and as adjusted financial position of the respective entity or entities presented therein at the respective dates indicated and their cash flows and the results of operations for the respective periods specified. The assumptions used in preparing the pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus provide a reasonable basis for presenting the significant effects directly attributable to the transactions or events described therein. The related pro forma and pro forma as adjusted adjustments give appropriate effect to those assumptions; and the pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information reflect the proper application of those adjustments to the corresponding historical financial statement amounts.

 

(aa) The statistical, industry-related and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources which the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate, and such data agree with the sources from which they are derived.

 

(bb) The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) and such controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information relating to the Company required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company has utilized such controls and procedures in preparing and evaluating the disclosures in the Registration Statement, in the General Disclosure Package and in the Prospectus.

 

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(cc) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company’s board of directors has validly appointed an audit committee whose composition satisfies the requirements of the rules and regulations of the NYSE American and the board of directors and/or audit committee has adopted a charter that satisfies the requirements of the rules and regulations of the NYSE American. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the board of directors nor the audit committee has been informed, nor is the Company aware, of: (i) any significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; or (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

(dd) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective Affiliates (as defined in the Securities Act) has taken, directly or indirectly, any action which constitutes or is designed to cause or result in, or which could reasonably be expected to constitute, cause or result in, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.

 

(ee) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of their respective Affiliates has, prior to the date hereof, made any offer or sale of any securities which are required to be “integrated” pursuant to the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations with the offer and sale of the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Affiliates has sold or issued any securities during the six-month period preceding the date of the Prospectus, including but not limited to any sales pursuant to Rule 144A or Regulation D or Regulation S under the Securities Act.

 

(ff) To the knowledge of the Company, all information contained in the questionnaires completed by each of the Company’s officers and directors and 5% holders immediately prior to the Offering and provided to the Representative as well as the biographies of such officers and directors in the Registration Statement are true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in the questionnaires completed by the directors and officers to become inaccurate and incorrect.

 

(gg) To the knowledge of the Company, no director or officer of the Company is subject to any non-competition agreement or non-solicitation agreement with any current employer or prior employer which could materially affect his or her ability to be and act in his or her respective capacity of the Company.

 

(hh) The Company is not and, at all times up to and including consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and after giving effect to application of the net proceeds of the Offering, will not be, subject to registration as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and is not and will not be an entity “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of such act.

 

(ii) To the knowledge of the Company, no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among any of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any Affiliate of the Company, on the one hand, and any director, officer, shareholder, customer or supplier of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any Affiliate of the Company, on the other hand, which is required by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or the Rules and Regulations to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which is not so described as required. There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees of indebtedness by the Company to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company or any of their respective family members. The Company has not, in violation of Sarbanes-Oxley, directly or indirectly extended or maintained credit, arranged for the extension of credit, or renewed an extension of credit, in the form of a personal loan to or for any director or executive officer of the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

 

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(jj) The Company is in material compliance with the rules and regulations promulgated by the NYSE American (to the extent applicable to the Company prior to the listing of the Ordinary Shares on the NYSE American following the Closing) or any other governmental or self regulatory entity or agency, except for such violations which, singly or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing: (i) all members of the Company’s board of directors who are required to be “independent” (as that term is defined under applicable laws, rules and regulations), including, without limitation, all members of the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors, meet the qualifications of independence as set forth under applicable laws, rules and regulations and (ii) the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors has at least one member who is an “audit committee financial expert” (as that term is defined under applicable laws, rules and regulations).

 

(kk) To the knowledge of the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company or any of its Subsidiaries and any Person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee, financial consulting fee or other like payment in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or, to the knowledge of the Company, any arrangements, agreements, understandings, payments or issuance with respect to the Company or any of its officers, directors, shareholders, partners, employees or Affiliates that may affect the Underwriters’ compensation as determined by FINRA.

 

(ll) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries owns or leases all such properties (other than intellectual property, which is covered by Section 2(mm)) as are necessary to the conduct of its business as presently operated as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries has good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by it, in each case free and clear of all Liens except such as are described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or such as do not (individually or in the aggregate) materially affect the business or prospects of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Any real property and buildings held under lease or sublease by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are held by it under valid, subsisting and, to the Company’s knowledge, enforceable leases with such exceptions as are not material to, and do not materially interfere with, the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice of any claim adverse to its ownership of any real or personal property or of any claim against the continued possession of any real property, whether owned or held under lease or sublease by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

(mm) The Company and each of its Subsidiaries: (i) owns, possesses, or has the adequate right to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses, formulae, customer lists, and know-how and other intellectual property (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable material proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures, “Intellectual Property”) necessary for the conduct of its businesses as being conducted and as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure and Prospectus and (ii) has no knowledge that the conduct of its business conflicts or will conflict with the intellectual property rights of others, and has not received any notice of any claim of conflict with, any right of others. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has granted or assigned to any other Person any right to sell any of the products or services of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries. To the Company’s knowledge, there is no infringement by third parties of any such Intellectual Property; there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the rights of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries in or to any such Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; and there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries infringes or otherwise violates any patent, trademark, copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others, and the Company is unaware of any other fact which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any claim for royalties or other compensation from any Person, including any employee of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries who made inventive contributions to the technology or products of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries that are pending or unsettled, and except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has any obligation to pay material royalties to any Person on account of inventive contributions.

 

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(nn) The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof contained therein. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party or by which any of their respective properties or business are or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or attached as an exhibit thereto, or (ii) is material to the businesses of the Company and its Subsidiaries, has been duly and validly executed by the Company or its Subsidiary, as the case may be, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the foreign, federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought, and none of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any other party is in breach or default thereunder and, to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a breach or default thereunder, in any such case, which would result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(oo) The disclosures in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus concerning the effects of foreign, federal, state and local regulation on the respective businesses of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects and do not omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading.

 

(pp) Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all Cayman Islands, Singapore and other foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company know of no basis for any such claim. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. No deficiency assessment with respect to a proposed adjustment of the federal, state, local or foreign taxes of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened There is no tax lien, whether imposed by any federal, state, foreign or other taxing authority, outstanding against the assets, properties or business of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, other than liens for taxes not yet delinquent, or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and for which reserves in accordance with GAAP have been established in the Company’s books and records. The term “taxes” mean all federal, state, local, foreign, and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments, or charges in the nature of taxes, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term “returns” means all returns, declarations, reports, statements, and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.

 

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(qq) No labor disturbance or dispute by or with the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries which, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, currently exists or, to the Company’s knowledge, is threatened. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is in compliance in all material respects with the labor and employment laws and collective bargaining agreements and extension orders applicable to its employees.

 

(rr) Intentionally Omitted.

 

(ss) Intentionally Omitted.

 

(tt) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, to the knowledge of the Company the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and would not be reasonably expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries has at all times operated its business in material compliance with all Environmental Laws (as hereinafter defined), and no material expenditures are or will be required in order to comply therewith. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice or communication that relates to or alleges any actual or potential violation or failure to comply with any Environmental Laws that would, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. As used herein, the term “Environmental Laws” means all applicable laws and regulations, including any licensing, permits or reporting requirements, and any action by a federal state or local government entity pertaining to the protection of the environment, protection of public health, protection of worker health and safety, or the handling of hazardous materials, including without limitation, the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7401, et seq., the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. § 9601, et seq., the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1321, et seq., the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C. § 1801, et seq., the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. § 690-1, et seq., and the Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. § 2601, et seq.

 

(uu) Except as would not result in a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has failed to file with the applicable regulatory authorities any filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission that is required to be so filed for the business operation of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently conducted. All such filings were in material compliance with applicable laws when filed and no deficiencies have been asserted in writing by any applicable regulatory authority with respect to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries holds, and is in material compliance with, all franchises, grants, authorizations, licenses, permits, easements, consents, certificates and orders (“Permits”) of any governmental or self-regulatory agency, authority or body required for the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently conducted, and all such Permits are in full force and effect, in each case except where the failure to hold, or comply with, any of them is not reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(vv) Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary of the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary including, without limitation, any director, officer, agent or employee of the Company or any Subsidiary, has, directly or indirectly, while acting on behalf of the Company or such Subsidiary: (i) used any corporate funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses relating to political activity; (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds; (iii) violated any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended; or (iv) made any other unlawful payment.

 

(ww) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.

 

(xx) The operations of the Company and each of its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance in all material respects with applicable financial record keeping and reporting requirements and money laundering statutes of the Cayman Islands, Singapore, and the United States and, to the Company’s knowledge, all other jurisdictions to which the Company is subject, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any applicable governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.

 

(yy) Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor to the knowledge of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or Affiliate of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”), the United Nations Security Council, the Monetary Authority of Singapore or other relevant authorities (collectively, “Sanctions”) nor located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject of Sanctions. The Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the Offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of funding or financing the activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that. At the time of such funding or facilitation is the subject of to any Sanctions, or in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the Offering). For the past five years, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has knowingly engaged in, is not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject of Sanctions.

 

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(zz) Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. To the Company’s knowledge, there are no other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its Affiliates that may affect the Underwriters’ compensation, as determined by FINRA. The Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, investing fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who provided capital to the Company, (ii) any FINRA member, or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member participating in the Offering within the 12-month period prior to the date on which the Registration Statement was filed with the Commission (the “Filing Date”) or thereafter. To the Company’s knowledge, no (i) officer or director of the Company or its Subsidiaries, (ii) owner of 10% or more of the Company’s unregistered securities or that of its Subsidiaries or (iii) owner of any amount of the Company’s unregistered securities acquired within the 180-day period prior to the Filing Date, has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member participating in the Offering. The Company will advise the Underwriters and their respective counsel if it becomes aware that any officer, director or stockholder of the Company or its Subsidiaries is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering.

 

(aaa) Except for key man insurance to cover the loss of key personnel or as disclosed in the Prospectus, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintains insurance in such amounts and covering such risks as the Company reasonably considers adequate for the conduct of their respective businesses and the value of their respective properties and as is customary for companies engaged in similar businesses in similar industries, all of which insurance is in full force and effect, except where the failure to maintain such insurance could not reasonably be expected to have Material Adverse Effect. The Company reasonably believes that it and each of its Subsidiaries will be able to renew its existing insurance as and when such coverage expires or will be able to obtain replacement insurance adequate for the conduct of its respective business and the value of its respective properties at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

(bbb) Except as disclosed in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, under current laws and regulations of the Cayman Islands and any political subdivision thereof, all dividends and other distributions declared and payable on the Securities may be paid by the Company to the holder thereof in United States dollars and freely transferred out of the Cayman Islands and all such payments made to holders thereof or therein who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands will not be subject to income, withholding or other taxes under laws and regulations of the Cayman Islands or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein and will otherwise be free and clear of any other tax, duty, withholding or deduction in the Cayman Islands or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein and without the necessity of obtaining any governmental authorization in the Cayman Islands or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein.

 

(ccc) The choice of the laws of the State of New York as the governing law of this Agreement and the Representative’s Warrants is a valid choice of law under the laws of the Cayman Islands and will be honored by courts in the Cayman Islands The Company has the power to submit, and pursuant to Section 15 of this Agreement, has legally, validly, effectively and irrevocably submitted, to the personal jurisdiction of each United States federal court and New York state court located in the Borough of Manhattan, in the City of New York, New York, U.S.A. (each, a “New York Court”), and the Company has the power to designate, appoint and authorize, and pursuant to Section 15 of this Agreement, has legally, validly, effectively and irrevocably designated, appointed and authorized an agent for service of process in any action arising out of or relating to this Agreement, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Securities in any New York Court, and service of process effected on such authorized agent will be effective to confer valid personal jurisdiction over the Company as provided in Section 15 hereof.

 

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(ddd) Except as provided by laws or statutes generally applicable to transactions of the type described in this Agreement, neither the Company nor any of its respective properties, assets or revenues has any right of immunity under the Cayman Islands, Singapore, Malaysia, New York or United States law, from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from the giving of any relief in any Cayman Islands, Singapore, Malaysia, New York or United States federal court, from service of process, attachment upon or prior judgment, or attachment in aid of execution of judgment, or from execution of a judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement of a judgment, in any such court, with respect to its obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection with this Agreement. To the extent that the Company or any of its respective properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become entitled to any such right of immunity in any such court in which proceedings may at any time be commenced, the Company waives or will waive such right to the extent permitted by law and has consented to such relief and enforcement as provided in Section 15 of this Agreement.

 

(eee) Each of this Agreement and the Representative’s Warrants is in proper form under the laws of the Cayman Islands for the enforcement thereof against the Company, and to ensure the legality, validity, enforceability or admissibility into evidence in the Cayman Islands of this Agreement and the Representative’s Warrants, it is not necessary that this Agreement or the Representative’s Warrants be filed or recorded with any court or other authority in the Cayman Islands or, except as disclosed in the most recent Preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, that any stamp or similar tax in the Cayman Islands be paid on or in respect of this Agreement, the Representative’s Warrants or any other documents to be furnished hereunder. Any final judgment for a fixed or readily calculable sum of money rendered by a New York Court having jurisdiction under its own domestic laws in respect of any suit, action or proceeding against the Company based upon this Agreement or the Representative’s Warrants and any instruments or agreements entered into for the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein and therein would be declared enforceable against the Company, without re-examination or review of the merits of the cause of action in respect of which the original judgment was given or re-litigation of the matters adjudicated upon, by the courts of the Cayman Islands. The Company is not aware of any reason why the enforcement in the Cayman Islands of such a New York Court judgment would be, as of the date hereof, contrary to public policy of the Cayman Islands.

 

(fff) As used in this Agreement, references to matters being “material” with respect to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries shall mean a material event, change, condition, status or effect related to the condition (financial or otherwise), properties, assets (including intangible assets), liabilities, business, prospects, operations or results of operations of the Company and such Subsidiaries either individually or taken as a whole, as the context requires.

 

(ggg) As used in this Agreement, the term “knowledge of the Company” (or similar language) shall mean the knowledge of the executive officers of the Company who are named in the Prospectus, with the assumption that such executive officers shall have made reasonable and diligent inquiry of the matters presented (with reference to what is customary and prudent for the applicable individuals in connection with the discharge by the applicable individuals of their duties as executive officers of the Company).

 

(hhh) Any certificate signed by or on behalf of the Company and delivered to the Underwriters or to Pryor Cashman LLP, as the Representative’s Counsel shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter listed on Schedule A hereto as to the matters covered thereby.

 

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3. Offering. Upon authorization of the release of the Securities by the Representative, the Underwriters propose to offer the Securities for sale to the public upon the terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus.

 

4. Covenants of the Company. The Company acknowledges, covenants and agrees with the Representative that:

 

(a) The Registration Statement and any amendments thereto have been declared effective, and if Rule 430A is used or the filing of the Prospectus is otherwise required under Rule 424(b), the Company will file the Prospectus (properly completed if Rule 430A has been used) pursuant to Rule 424(b) within the prescribed time period and will provide evidence satisfactory to the Representative of such timely filing. The Company will file with the Commission all Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses in the time and manner required under Rules 433(d) or 163(b)(2), as the case may be, and shall send the draft to the Representative and Representative’s Counsel for review before filings.

 

(b) During the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the later of the Closing Date or such date as, the Prospectus is no longer required by law to be delivered (or in lieu thereof the notice referred to in Rule 173(a) under the Securities Act is no longer required to be provided), in connection with sales by an underwriter or dealer (the “Prospectus Delivery Period”), prior to amending or supplementing the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Representatives and Representative’s Counsel for review a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement, and the Company shall not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representative or Representative’s Counsel reasonably object.

 

(c) After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall promptly advise the Representative in writing (i) of the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission, (ii) of the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any prospectus, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (iii) of the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective, and (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or of any order preventing or suspending its use or the use of any prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus, or of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing the Ordinary Shares from any securities exchange upon which they are listed for trading, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time, the Company will use its reasonable efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules 424(b), 430A and 430B, as applicable, under the Securities Act and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under Rule 424(b) or Rule 433 were received in a timely manner by the Commission (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) or Rule 164(b)).

 

(d) During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will comply in all material respects with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as now and hereafter amended, and by the Rules and Regulations, as from time to time in force, and by the Exchange Act so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Securities as contemplated by the provisions hereof, the General Disclosure Package, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. If during such period any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the General Disclosure Package ) would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading, or if during such period it is necessary or appropriate in the opinion of the Company or its counsel or the Representative or Representative’s Counsel to amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the General Disclosure Package) to comply with the Securities Act or to file under the Exchange Act any document which would be deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Prospectus in order to comply with the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, the Company will promptly notify the Representative and will amend the Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus (or if the Prospectus is not yet available to prospective purchasers, the General Disclosure Package) or file such document (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such statement or omission or effect such compliance.

 

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(e) If at any time following issuance of an Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, the Statutory Prospectus or the Prospectus included or would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company has promptly notified or promptly will notify the Representative and Representative’s Counsel and has promptly amended or will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer-Represented Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.

 

(f) The Company will promptly deliver to the Underwriters and Underwriters’ Counsel, the Representative and Representative’s Counsel, a signed copy of the Registration Statement, as initially filed and all amendments thereto, including all consents and exhibits filed therewith, and will maintain in the Company’s files manually signed copies of such documents for at least five (5) years after the date of filing thereof. The Company will promptly deliver to each of the Underwriters such number of copies of any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, the Registration Statement, and all amendments of and supplements to such documents, if any, and all documents which are exhibits to the Registration Statement and Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, as the Underwriters may reasonably request. Prior to 4:00 p.m., New York time, on the Business Day next succeeding the date of this Agreement and from time to time thereafter, the Company will furnish the Underwriters with copies of the Prospectus in New York City in such quantities as the Underwriters may reasonably request.

 

(g) The Company consents to the use and delivery of the Preliminary Prospectus by the Underwriters in accordance with Rule 430 and Section 5(b) of the Securities Act.

 

(h) If the Company elects to rely on Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, the Company shall both file a Rule 462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission in compliance with Rule 462(b) and pay the applicable fees in accordance with Rule 111 of the Securities Act by the earlier of: (i) 10:00 p.m., New York City time, on the date of this Agreement, and (ii) the time that confirmations are given or sent, as specified by Rule 462(b)(2).

 

(i) The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation with the Representative and Representative’s Counsel, at or prior to the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, to qualify the Securities for offering and sale under the securities laws relating to the offering or sale of the Securities of such jurisdictions, domestic or foreign, as the Representative may reasonably designate and to maintain such qualification in effect for so long as required for the distribution thereof, except that in no event shall the Company be obligated in connection therewith to qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction, to execute a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction, or to subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is otherwise not so subject.

 

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(j) During the six-month period after the Offering is completed, (the “Company Lock-up Period”), the Company may not, without the prior written consent of the Representative, (i) offer, issue, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale of or otherwise dispose of any securities of the Company, including the issuance of shares of Ordinary Shares upon the exercise of currently outstanding options approved by the Representative, except for (A) the issuance of securities under any equity compensation plan of the Company, (B) the issuance of Ordinary Shares upon the exercise or conversion of securities that are issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement and are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits, adjustments or combinations as set forth in such securities) or to extend the term of such securities, and (C) the issuance of securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith within 180 days following the Closing Date, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities; or (ii) file any registration statement relating to the offer or sale of any of the Company’s securities.

 

(k) Schedule II hereto contains a complete and accurate list of the Company’s executive officers, directors and holders of 5% or more of the Company’s Ordinary Shares, and all holders of securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of Ordinary Shares (each, a “Lock-Up Party”, collectively, the “Lock-Up Parties”). The Company has caused each of the Lock-Up Parties to deliver to the Representative an executed Lock-Up Agreement, in the form attached hereto as Annex I (the “Lock-Up Agreement”), prior to the execution of this Agreement.

 

(l) If the Representative, in its sole discretion, agrees to release or waive the restrictions set forth in a Lock-Up Agreement described in Section 4(j) and Section 4(k) hereof for an officer or a director of the Company and provide the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three business days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by (i) a press release agreed upon by the Representative through a major news service or (ii) any other method that satisfies the obligations described in FINRA Rule 5131(d)(2) at least two business days before the effective date of the release or waiver.

 

(m) [Reserved].

 

(n) [Reserved].

 

(o) For a period of at least two (2) years from the Effective Date, the Company shall retain a nationally recognized PCAOB registered independent public accounting firm reasonably acceptable to the Representative. The Representative acknowledges that the Auditor is acceptable to the Representative.

 

(p) During the period of one (1) year from the Effective Date, the Company will make available to the Representative copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to security holders or from time to time published or publicly disseminated by the Company, and will deliver to the Representative: (i) as soon as practicable after they are available, copies of any reports, financial statements and proxy or information statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange on which any class of securities of the Company is listed; and (ii) such additional information concerning the business and financial condition of the Company as the Representative may from time to time reasonably request in writing pursuant to a specific regulatory or liability issue or; provided, that any such item which is available on the EDGAR system (or successor thereto) need not be furnished in physical form.

 

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(q) The Company will not issue press releases or engage in any other publicity, without the Representative’s prior written consent, for a period ending at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on the first Business Day following the fortieth (40th) day following the Closing Date, other than normal and customary releases issued in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, or as required by law.

 

(r) The Company hereby grants the Representative the right of first refusal for a period of twelve (12) months after the closing of this Offering to act as the sole managing underwriter and book runner, or sole placement agent or sales agent, for any and all future public or private equity, equity-linked or debt (excluding commercial bank debt) offerings for which the Company retains the service of an underwriter, agent, advisor, finder or other person or entity in connection with such offering during such twelve (12) month period of the Company, or any successor to or any subsidiary of the Company. The Company shall not offer to retain any entity or person in connection with any such offering on terms more favorable than terms on which it offers to retain the Representative. Such offer shall be made in writing in order to be effective. The Representative shall notify the Company within ten (10) business days of its receipt of the written offer contemplated above as to whether or not it agrees to accept such retention. If the Representative should decline such retention, the Company shall have no further obligations to the Representative with respect to the offering for which it has offered to retain the Representative, except as otherwise provided for herein.

 

(s) The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities as set forth under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Prospectus.

 

(t) The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect and maintain the listing of the Ordinary Shares on the NYSE American for at least three (3) years after the Closing Date.

 

(u) The Company, during the Prospectus Delivery Period, will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Rules and Regulations within the time periods required thereby.

 

(v) The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to do and perform all things required to be done or performed under this Agreement by the Company prior to the Closing Date, and to satisfy all conditions precedent to the delivery of the Securities.

 

(w) The Company will not take, and will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause its Affiliates not to take, directly or indirectly, any action which constitutes or is designed to cause or result in, or which could reasonably be expected to constitute, cause or result in, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.

 

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(x) The Company shall cause to be prepared and delivered to the Representative, at its expense, within one (1) Business Day from the effective date of this Agreement, an Electronic Prospectus to be used by the Underwriters in connection with the Offering. As used herein, the term “Electronic Prospectus” means a form of prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, that meets each of the following conditions: (i) it shall be encoded in an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representative, that may be transmitted electronically by the other Underwriters to offerees and purchasers of the Securities for at least the period during which a Prospectus relating to the Securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act; (ii) it shall disclose the same information as the paper prospectus and prospectus filed pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent that graphic and image material cannot be disseminated electronically, in which case such graphic and image material shall be replaced in the electronic prospectus with a fair and accurate narrative description or tabular representation of such material, as appropriate; and (iii) it shall be in or convertible into a paper format or an electronic format, satisfactory to the Representative, that will allow recipients thereof to store and have continuously ready access to the prospectus at any future time, without charge to such recipients (other than any fee charged for subscription to the Internet as a whole and for on-line time).

 

(y) The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Representative, and the Representative represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Company, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 under the Securities Act, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act, required to be filed with the Commission; provided that the prior written consent of the parties hereto shall be deemed to have been given in respect of the free writing prospectuses included in Schedule II. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Company and the Representative is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” Each of the Company and the Representative represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely Commission filing where required, legending and record keeping.

 

5. Payment of Expenses.

 

(a) Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company hereby agrees to pay all reasonable and documented costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder including the following:

 

(i) all filing fees and communication expenses related to the registration of the Securities to be sold in the Offering including all expenses in connection with the preparation, printing, formatting for EDGAR and filing of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus and any and all amendments and supplements thereto and the mailing and delivering of copies thereof to the Underwriters and dealers;

 

(ii) all fees and expenses in connection with filings with FINRA;

 

(iii) all fees, disbursements and expenses of the Company’s counsel and accountants in connection with the registration of the Securities under the Securities Act and the Offering;

 

(iv) all fees and expenses in connection with listing the Ordinary Shares on the NYSE American;

 

(v) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of such Shares under the “blue sky” securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions as the Representative may reasonably designate (including, without limitation, all filing and registration fees, and the fees and disbursements of the Representative’s Counsel for such counsel’s participation in the “blue sky’ and stock exchange listing process);

 

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(vi) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting documents (including this Agreement, any blue sky surveys and, if appropriate, any Agreement Among Underwriters, Selected Dealers’ Agreement, Underwriters’ Questionnaire and Power of Attorney), the Registration Statement, Prospectuses and all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto and as many preliminary and final Prospectuses as the Representative may reasonably deem necessary;

 

(vii) the costs and expenses of the public relations firm;

 

(viii) all reasonable travel expenses of the Company’s officers and employees and any other expenses incurred in connection with attending or hosting meetings with prospective purchasers of the Securities;

 

(ix) any stock transfer taxes payable upon the transfer of securities by the Company to the Underwriters and any other taxes incurred by the Company in connection with this Agreement or the Offering;

 

(x) the cost and charges of any transfer agent or registrar for the Ordinary Shares;

 

(xi) any reasonable cost and expenses in conducting background checks of the Company’s officers and directors by a background search firm acceptable to the Representative;

 

(xii) fees of Representative’s Counsel;

 

(xiii) the cost of preparing, printing and delivering certificates representing each of the Securities;

 

(xiv) the fees and expenses of the Company’s accountants and the fees and expenses of the Company’s legal counsel and other agents and representatives;

 

(xv) all other costs, fees and expenses incident to the performance of the Company obligations hereunder which are not otherwise specifically provided for in this Section 5.

 

The Company and the Representative acknowledge that the Company has previously paid to the Representative advances in an amount of $50,000 (the “Advance”) against the Representative’s out-of-pocket expenses. Any portion of the Advance not used shall be returned back to the Company to the extent not incurred. The Representative’s total out-of-pocket accountable expenses (including legal fees and expenses) in connection with the Offering shall not exceed $175,000 in the event of a Closing of the Offering, and shall not exceed $87,500 in the event that there is not a Closing of the Offering.

 

(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5, in the event that this Agreement is terminated by the Company, pursuant to Section 11(b) hereof, or subsequent to a Material Adverse Change, the Company will pay the out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred as allowed under FINRA Rule 5110 by the Underwriters through the date of such termination (including the fees and disbursements of Underwriters’ Counsel).

 

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6. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations. The obligations of the Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Firm Shares or the Option Shares, as the case may be, as provided herein shall be subject to: (i) the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company herein contained, as of the date hereof, as of the Closing Date and applicable Option Closing Date, (ii) the absence of any misstatement or omission in any certificates, opinions, written statements or letters furnished to the Representative or to Representative’s Counsel pursuant to this Section 6, (iii) the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, and (iv) each of the following additional conditions. For purposes of this Section 6, the terms “Closing Date” and “Closing” shall refer to the Closing Date for both Firm Shares and the Option Shares (if any), as the case may be, and each of the foregoing and following conditions must be satisfied as of each Closing.

 

(a) The Registration Statement shall have become effective and all necessary regulatory or listing approvals shall have been received not later than 5:30 p.m., New York time, on the date of this Agreement, or at such later time and date as shall have been consented to in writing by the Representative. If the Company shall have elected to rely upon Rule 430A under the Securities Act, the Prospectus shall have been filed with the Commission in a timely fashion in accordance with the terms hereof and a form of the Prospectus containing information relating to the description of the Securities and the method of distribution and similar matters shall have been filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) within the applicable time period; and, at or prior to the Closing Date or the actual time of the Closing, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof, or any amendment thereof, nor suspending or preventing the use of the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been issued; no proceedings for the issuance of such an order shall have been initiated or threatened; any request of the Commission for additional information (to be included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the Representative’s satisfaction; and FINRA shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.

 

(b) The Representative shall not have reasonably determined, and advised the Company, that the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, contains an untrue statement of fact which, in the Representative’s reasonable opinion, is material, or omits to state a fact which, in the Representative’s reasonable opinion, is material and is required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that if in the Representative’s opinion such deficiency is curable Representative shall have given the Company reasonable notice of such deficiency and a reasonable chance to cure such deficiency.

 

(c) The Representative shall have received the written opinions of (i) Sidley Austin LLP, the U.S., legal counsel for the Company, dated as of the Closing Date and addressed to the Representative substantially in the form agreed upon by the Representative, (ii) Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP, Cayman Islands counsel for the Company dated as of the Closing Date and addressed to the Representative substantially in the form attached agreed upon by the Representative, and (iii) [ ], legal advisors as to Hong Kong law for the Company dated as of the Closing Date and addressed to the Representative substantially in the form attached agreed upon by the Representative.

 

(d) The Representative shall have received a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated as of each Closing Date to the effect that: (i) the condition set forth in subsection (a) of this Section 6 has been satisfied, (ii) as of the date hereof and as of the applicable Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in Sections 1 and 2 hereof are accurate, (iii) as of the applicable Closing Date, all agreements, conditions and obligations of the Company to be performed or complied with hereunder on or prior thereto have been duly performed or complied with, (iv) the Company has not sustained any material loss or interference with their respective businesses, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or any legal or governmental proceeding, (v) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof has been issued and no proceedings therefor have been initiated or threatened by the Commission, (vi) there are no pro forma or as adjusted financial statements that are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus pursuant to the Rules and Regulations which are not so included or incorporated by reference, and (vii) subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus there has not been any Material Adverse Change or any development involving a prospective Material Adverse Change, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business.

 

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(e) On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date, the Representative shall have received a “cold comfort” letter and a bring-down comfort letter from the Auditor addressed to the Representative and in form and substance satisfactory to the Representative and Representative’s Counsel, confirming that they are independent certified public accountants with respect to the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations, and stating, as of the date of delivery (or, with respect to matters involving changes or developments since the respective dates as of which specified financial information is given in the Prospectus, as of a date not more than five (5) days prior to the date of such letter), the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters relating to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus covered by such letter.

 

(f) Subsequent to the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date, there shall not have been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any change or development involving a change, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, in the business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, shareholders’ equity, properties or prospects of the Company including but not limited to the occurrence of any fire, flood, storm, explosion, accident, act of war or terrorism or other calamity, the effect of which, in any such case described above, is, in the sole judgment of the Representative, so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the Offering on the terms and in the manner contemplated in the Prospectus (exclusive of any supplement).

 

(g) Prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Representative shall have received a lock-up agreement from each Lock-Up Party, duly executed by the applicable Lock-Up Party, in each case substantially in the form attached hereto as Annex I.

 

(h) The Ordinary Shares shall have been registered under the Exchange Act and, as of the Closing Date, the Ordinary Shares shall be listed and admitted and authorized for trading on the NYSE American and satisfactory evidence of such action shall have been provided to the Representative. The Company shall have taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of terminating the registration of the Ordinary Shares under the Exchange Act or delisting or suspending from trading the Ordinary Shares from the NYSE American , nor has the Company received any information suggesting that the Commission or the NYSE American is contemplating terminating such registration of listing. The Shares and the Ordinary Shares underlying the Representative’s Warrants shall be DTC eligible.

 

(i) FINRA shall have confirmed that it has not raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.

 

(j) No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect or potentially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company.

 

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(k) The Company shall have furnished the Representative with a Certificate of Good Standing for the Company certified by the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands, dated as of the date of this Agreement.

 

(l) The Company shall have furnished the Representative and Underwriters’ Counsel with such other certificates, opinions or other documents as they may have reasonably requested.

 

(m) On each Closing Date, there shall have been issued to the Representative, a Representative’s Warrant in the form attached hereto as Annex V.

 

If any of the conditions specified in this Section 6 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement, or if any of the certificates, opinions, written statements or letters furnished to the Representative or to Representative’s Counsel pursuant to this Section 6 shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Representative or to Representative’s Counsel, all obligations of the Underwriters hereunder may be cancelled by the Representative at, or at any time prior to, the consummation of the Closing. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or by telephone. Any such telephone notice shall be confirmed promptly thereafter in writing.

 

7. Indemnification.

 

(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its officers, directors employees, agents and representatives of the Representative, its affiliates and each other person, if any, controlling Representative or any of its affiliates (Representative and each such other person being an “Indemnified Person”) within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses whatsoever as related to or arising out of or in connection with the Offering (including but not limited to reasonable attorneys’ fees and any and all expenses whatsoever incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, and any and all amounts paid in settlement of any claim or litigation), and will reimburse each Indemnified Person, whether or not pending or threatened and whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party, for all reasonable expenses (including reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) as they are incurred in connection with investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any action, claim, suit, investigation, joint or several, insofar as such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon the Offering, including but is not limited to (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in (A) the Registration Statement, including the information deemed to be a part of the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness and at any subsequent time pursuant to Rules 430A and 430B of the Rules and Regulations, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto (including any documents filed under the Exchange Act and deemed to be incorporated by reference into the Prospectus), (B) any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any other materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Securities, including any road show or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically) (collectively “Marketing Materials”) or (C) any filings or reports filed by the Company under the Exchange Act or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse such indemnified party for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by it in connection with investigating or defending against such loss, claim, damage, liability or action; or (ii) in whole or in part upon any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein; or (iii) in whole or in part upon any failure of the Company to perform its obligations hereunder or under law; provided, however, that the Company shall not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any such amendment or supplement, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any other Marketing Materials, in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information. With respect to any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Preliminary Prospectus, the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 7(a) shall not inure to the benefit of an Underwriter to the extent that any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense of such Underwriter results from the fact that a copy of the Prospectus was not given or sent to the Person asserting any such loss, liability, claim or damage at or prior to the written confirmation of sale of the Securities to such Person as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and if the untrue statement or omission has been corrected in the Prospectus, unless such failure to deliver the Prospectus was a result of non-compliance by the Company with its obligations under this Agreement. The Company agrees promptly to notify each Underwriter of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against the Company or any of its officers, directors or Controlling Persons in connection with the issue and sale of the Securities or in connection with the Registration Statement or Prospectus. The Company will not, however, be responsible for any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or expenses relating thereto) that are judicially determined in a judgment not subject to appeal to have resulted from the bad faith, gross negligence or intentional misconduct of any Indemnified Person.

 

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(b) The Company will not, without Representative’s prior written consent, settle, compromise, consent to the entry of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any action, claim, suit or proceeding in respect of which indemnification may be sought hereunder (whether or not any Indemnified Person is a party thereto) unless such settlement, compromise, consent or termination includes a release of each Indemnified Person from any liabilities asserted against such Indemnified Person arising out of such action, claim, suit or proceeding. No Indemnified Person seeking indemnification, reimbursement or contribution under this agreement will, without the prior written consent of the Company, settle, compromise, consent to the entry of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding referred to in the preceding paragraph.

 

(c) Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of the directors of the Company, each of the officers of the Company who shall have signed the Registration Statement, and each other Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses whatsoever as incurred (including but not limited to attorneys’ fees and any and all expenses whatsoever incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, and any and all amounts paid in settlement of any claim or litigation), joint or several, to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, as originally filed or any amendment thereof, or any related Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that any such loss, liability, claim, damage or expense arises out of or is based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriters’ Information; provided, however, that in no case shall any Underwriter be liable or responsible for any amount in excess of the aggregate underwriting discount applicable to the Securities to be purchased by such Underwriter hereunder. The parties agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representative consists solely of the material referred to in the last sentence of Section 2(b) hereof.

 

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(d) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under subsection (a) or (c) above of notice of any claims or the commencement of any action, such indemnified party shall, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against the indemnifying party under such subsection, notify each party against whom indemnification is to be sought in writing of the claim or the commencement thereof (but the failure so to notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability which it may have under this Section 7 to the extent that it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and in any event shall not relieve it from any liability that such indemnifying party may have otherwise than on account of the indemnity agreement hereunder). In case any such claim or action is brought against any indemnified party, and it notifies an indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate, at its own expense in the defense of such action, and to the extent it may elect by written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided however, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the written consent of the indemnified party) also be counsel to the indemnified party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to employ its or their own counsel in any such case, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such indemnified party or parties unless (i) the employment of such counsel shall have been authorized in writing by one of the indemnifying parties in connection with the defense of such action, (ii) the indemnifying parties shall not have employed counsel to have charge of the defense of such action within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action, (iii) the indemnifying party does not diligently defend the action after assumption of the defense, or (iv) such indemnified party or parties shall have reasonably concluded that a conflict may arise between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party, or any of them, in conducting the defense of any such action or there may be legal defenses available to it or them which are different from or additional to those available to one or all of the indemnifying parties (in which case the indemnifying parties shall not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party or parties), in any of which events such fees and expenses shall be borne by the indemnifying parties and shall be paid as incurred. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties (which consent shall not be unreasonably delayed, withhold or denied), effect any settlement or compromise of, or consent to the entry of judgment with respect to, any pending or threatened claim, investigation, action or proceeding in respect of which indemnity or contribution may be or could have been sought by an indemnified party under this Section 7 or Section 8 hereof (whether or not the indemnified party is an actual or potential party thereto), unless (x) such settlement, compromise or judgment (i) includes an unconditional release of the indemnified party from all liability arising out of such claim, investigation, action or proceeding and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or any failure to act, by or on behalf of the indemnified party, and (y) the indemnifying party confirms in writing its indemnification obligations hereunder with respect to such settlement, compromise or judgment.

 

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8. Contribution. In order to provide for contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification provided for in Section 7 is judicially determined to be unavailable (other than in accordance with the last sentence of the first paragraph hereof) to an indemnifying party in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to herein, then, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnifying party hereunder the Company and the Underwriters shall contribute to the aggregate losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses of the nature contemplated by such indemnification provision (including any investigation, legal and other expenses incurred in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claims asserted, but after deducting in the case of losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses suffered by the Company, any contribution received by the Company from Persons, other than the Underwriters, who may also be liable for contribution, including Persons who control the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, officers of the Company who signed the Registration Statement and directors of the Company) as incurred to which the Company and one or more of the Underwriters may be subject, in such proportions as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Underwriters from the Offering or, if such allocation is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportions as are appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to above but also the relative fault of the Company and the Underwriters in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company and the Underwriters shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as (x) the total proceeds from the Offering (net of underwriting discounts and commissions but before deducting expenses) received by the Company bears to (y) the underwriting discount or commissions received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. The relative fault of each of the Company and of the Underwriters shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 8 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section. The aggregate amount of losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by an indemnified party and referred to above in this Section 8 shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any judicial, regulatory or other legal or governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 8: (i) no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the aggregate discounts and commissions applicable to the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public and (ii) no Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section 8, each Person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, and each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, each officer of the Company who shall have signed the Registration Statement and each director of the Company shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to clauses (i) and (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence. Any party entitled to contribution will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action, suit or proceeding against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made against another party or parties, notify each party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify such party or parties shall not relieve the party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any obligation it or they may have under this Section 8 or otherwise. The obligations of the Underwriters to contribute pursuant to this Section 8 are several in proportion to the respective number of Securities to be purchased by each of the Underwriters hereunder and not joint.

 

9. Underwriter Default.

 

(a) If any Underwriter or Underwriters shall default in its or their obligation to purchase Firm Shares hereunder, and if the securities with respect to which such default relates (the “Default Securities”) do not (after giving effect to arrangements, if any, made by the Representative pursuant to subsection (b) below) exceed in the aggregate 10% of the number of Firm Shares, each non-defaulting Underwriter, acting severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Company that number of Default Securities that bears the same proportion of the total number of Default Securities then being purchased as the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on Schedule I hereto bears to the aggregate number of Firm Shares set forth opposite the names of the non-defaulting Underwriters, subject, however, to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as the Representative in its sole discretion shall make.

 

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(b) In the event that the aggregate number of Default Securities exceeds 10% of the number of Firm Shares, the Representative may in its discretion arrange for itself or for another party or parties (including any non-defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters who so agree) to purchase the Default Securities on the terms contained herein. In the event that within 48 hours after such a default the Representative does not arrange for the purchase of the Default Securities as provided in this Section 9, this Agreement shall thereupon terminate, without liability on the part of the Company with respect thereto (except in each case as provided in Sections 5, 7, 8, 9 and 11(d)) or the Underwriters, but nothing in this Agreement shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters of its or their liability, if any, to the other Underwriters and the Company for damages occasioned by its or their default hereunder.

 

(c) In the event that any Default Securities are to be purchased by the non-defaulting Underwriters, or are to be purchased by another party or parties as aforesaid, the Representative or the Company shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date for a period, not exceeding five (5) Business Days, in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be necessary in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or in any other documents and arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus which, in the reasonable opinion of Underwriters’ Counsel, may thereby be made necessary or advisable. The term “Underwriter” as used in this Agreement shall include any party substituted under this Section 9 with like effect as if it had originally been a party to this Agreement with respect to such Firm Shares.

 

10. Survival of Representations and Agreements. All representations and warranties, covenants and agreements of the Company and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company submitted pursuant hereto, including the agreements contained in Sections 5, 10, 14 and 15, the indemnity agreements contained in Section 7 and the contribution agreements contained in Section 8 hereof, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any controlling Person thereof or by or on behalf of the Company, any of its officers and directors or any controlling Person thereof, and shall survive delivery of and payment for the Securities to and by the Underwriters. The representations contained in Section 2 hereof and the covenants and agreements contained in Sections 5, 7, 8, this Section 10 and Sections 12, 13, 14 and 15 hereof shall survive any termination of this Agreement, including termination pursuant to Section 9 or 11 hereof. The representations and covenants contained in Sections 2, 3 and 4 hereof shall survive termination of this Agreement if any Securities are purchased pursuant to this Agreement.

 

11. Effective Date of Agreement; Termination.

 

(a) This Agreement shall become effective upon the later of: (i) receipt by the Representative and the Company of notification of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or (ii) the execution of this Agreement. Notwithstanding any termination of this Agreement, the provisions of this Section 11 and of Sections 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14 and 15, inclusive, shall remain in full force and effect at all times after the execution hereof. If this Agreement is terminated after any Securities have been purchased hereunder, the provisions of Sections 2, 3 and 4 hereof shall survive termination of this Agreement.

 

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(b) The Representative shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time prior to the consummation of the Closing if: (i) any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in the reasonable opinion of the Representative will in the immediate future materially disrupt, the market for the Company’s securities or securities in general; or (ii) trading on the New York Stock Exchange shall have been suspended or been made subject to material limitations, or minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required, on the New York Stock Exchange or by order of the Commission, FINRA or any other governmental authority having jurisdiction; or (iii) a banking moratorium has been declared by any state or federal authority or if any material disruption in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services shall have occurred; (iv) any downgrading shall have occurred in the Company’s corporate credit rating or the rating accorded the Company’s debt securities by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization” (as defined for purposes of Rule 436(g) under the Securities Act) or if any such organization shall have been publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, with material negative implications, its rating of any of the Company’s debt securities; or (v) (A) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or acts of terrorism involving the United States or there is a declaration of a national emergency or war by the United States, or (B) there shall have been any other calamity or crisis or any change in political, financial or economic conditions if the effect of any such event in (A) or (B), in the reasonable judgment of the Representative, is so material and adverse that such event makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale and delivery of the Firm Shares on the terms and in the manner contemplated by the Prospectus.

 

(c) Any notice of termination pursuant to this Section 11 shall be in writing.

 

(d) If this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to any of the provisions hereof or if the sale of the Securities provided for herein is not consummated because any condition to the obligations of the Underwriters set forth herein is not satisfied or because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company to perform any agreement herein or comply with any provision hereof, the Company will, subject to demand by the Representative, reimburse the Underwriters for those out-of-pocket expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of Underwriters’ Counsel), actually incurred by the Underwriters in connection herewith less the Advance previously paid.

 

12. Notices. All communications hereunder, except as may be otherwise specifically provided herein, shall be in writing, and:

 

(a) if sent to the Representative or any Underwriter, shall be mailed, delivered, or faxed and confirmed in writing, to:

 

Maxim Group LLC

300 Park Avenue, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10022

Attention: James Siegel, General Counsel

Email: cteller@maximgrp.com

 

with a copy to Representative’s Counsel at:

 

Pryor Cashman LLP

7 Times Square, 40th Floor

New York, NY, 10036

Attention: M. Ali Panjwani, Esq.

Email: mpanjwani@pryorcashman.com

 

(b) if sent to the Company, shall be mailed, delivered, or faxed and confirmed in writing to the Company and its counsel at the addresses set forth in the Registration Statement.

 

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13. Parties; Limitation of Relationship. This Agreement shall inure solely to the benefit of, and shall be binding upon, the Underwriters, the Company and the controlling Persons, directors, officers, employees and agents referred to in Sections 7 and 8 hereof, and their respective successors and assigns, and no other Person shall have or be construed to have any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of or by virtue of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties hereto and said controlling Persons and their respective successors, officers, directors, heirs and legal representative, and it is not for the benefit of any other Person. The term “successors and assigns” shall not include a purchaser, in its capacity as such, of Securities from any of the Underwriters.

 

14. Governing Law; This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to conflict of laws principles (other than Section 5-1401 of the General Obligations Law).

 

15. Submission to Jurisdiction, Etc. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. The Company irrevocably (a) submits to the jurisdiction of any court of the State of New York for the purpose of any suit, action, or other proceeding arising out of this Agreement, or any of the agreements or transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (each, a “Proceeding”), (b) agrees that all claims in respect of any Proceeding may be heard and determined in any such court, (c) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any immunity from jurisdiction of any such court or from any legal process therein, (d) agrees not to commence any Proceeding other than in such courts, and (e) waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claim that such Proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum. The Company and the Underwriters agree that any final judgment after exhaustion of all appeals or the expiration of time to appeal in any such action or proceeding arising out of the sale of the Shares or this Agreement rendered by any such Federal court or state court shall be conclusive and may be enforced in any other jurisdiction by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall affect or limit the right of the Company, the Underwriters or any person controlling an Underwriter to serve any process or notice of motion or other application in any other manner permitted by law or limit or affect the right of the Company, the Underwriters or any person controlling an Underwriter to bring any action or proceeding against the other party or any of its properties in the courts of any other jurisdiction. The Company further agrees to take any and all action, including the execution and filing of all such instruments and documents, as may be necessary to continue such designations and appointments or such substitute designations and appointments in full force and effect. EACH OF THE COMPANY (ON BEHALF OF ITSELF AND, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, ON BEHALF OF ITS RESPECTIVE EQUITY HOLDERS AND CREDITORS) HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY CLAIM BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT, THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT, AND THE PROSPECTUS. The Company agrees that the prevailing party(ies) in any such action shall be entitled to recover from the other party(ies) all of its reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses relating to such action or proceeding and/or incurred in connection with the preparation therefor.

 

16. Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with the exhibits, schedules and annexes attached hereto and as the same may be amended from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof, constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous written or oral agreements, understandings, promises and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

17. Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement or the performance thereof shall be invalid or unenforceable to any extent, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect or render invalid or unenforceable any other provision of this Agreement and this Agreement shall be valid and enforced to the fullest extent permitted by law.

 

18. Amendment. This Agreement may only be amended by a written instrument executed by each of the parties hereto.

 

19. Waiver, etc. The failure of any of the parties hereto to at any time enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any such provision, nor to in any way effect the validity of this Agreement or any provision hereof or the right of any of the parties hereto to thereafter enforce each and every provision of this Agreement. No waiver of any breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument executed by the party or parties against whom or which enforcement of such waiver is sought; and no waiver of any such breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment shall be construed or deemed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment.

 

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20. No Fiduciary Relationship. The Company hereby acknowledges that the Underwriters are acting solely as underwriters in connection with the offering of the Company’s Securities. The Company further acknowledge that the Underwriters are acting pursuant to a contractual relationship created solely by this Agreement entered into on an arm’s length basis and in no event do the parties intend that the Underwriters act or be responsible as a fiduciary to the Company, its management, shareholders, creditors or any other person in connection with any activity that the Underwriters may undertake or have undertaken in furtherance of the offering of the Company’s Securities, either before or after the date hereof. The Underwriters hereby expressly disclaim any fiduciary or similar obligations to the Company, either in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any matters leading up to such transactions, and the Company hereby confirms its understanding and agreement to that effect. The Company hereby further confirms its understanding that no Underwriter has assumed an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the Offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto, including any negotiation related to the pricing of the Securities; and the Company has consulted its own legal and financial advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate in connection with this Agreement and the Offering. The Company and the Underwriters agree that they are each responsible for making their own independent judgments with respect to any such transactions, and that any opinions or views expressed by the Underwriters to the Company regarding such transactions, including but not limited to any opinions or views with respect to the price or market for the Company’s securities, do not constitute advice or recommendations to the Company. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against the Underwriters with respect to any breach or alleged breach of any fiduciary or similar duty to the Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any matters leading up to such transactions.

 

21. Judgment Currency. The obligation of the Company in respect of any sum due to any Underwriter under this Agreement shall, notwithstanding any judgment in a currency other than U.S. dollars (the “Judgment Currency”), not be discharged until the first business day, following receipt by such Underwriter of any sum adjudged to be so due in the Judgment Currency, on which (and only to the extent that) such Underwriter may in accordance with normal banking procedures purchase U.S. dollars with the Judgment Currency; if the U.S. dollars so purchased are less than the sum originally due to such Underwriter hereunder, the Company agrees, as a separate obligation and notwithstanding any such judgment, to indemnify such Underwriter against such loss. If the U.S. dollars so purchased are greater than the sum originally due to such Underwriter hereunder, such Underwriter agrees to pay to the Company an amount equal to the excess of the U.S. dollars so purchased over the sum originally due to such Underwriter hereunder.

 

22. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of a signed counterpart of this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic transmission shall constitute valid and sufficient delivery thereof.

 

23. Headings. The headings herein are inserted for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement.

 

24. Time is of the Essence. Time shall be of the essence of this Agreement. As used herein, the term “Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or any day on which the major stock exchanges in New York, New York are not open for business.

 

[Signature Pages Follow]

 

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If the foregoing correctly sets forth your understanding, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement among us.

 

Very truly yours,  
   
ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited  
   
By:  
Name: Yee Kar Wing  
Title: Chief Executive Officer  

 

Accepted by the Representative, acting for themselves and as

Representative of the Underwriters named on Schedule I attached hereto,

as of the date first written above:

 

MAXIM GROUP LLC  
   
By:  
Name: Clifford A. Teller  
Title: Co-President  

 

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SCHEDULE I

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE II

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE III

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE IV

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 

 

 

ANNEX I

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 
 

 

ANNEX II

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 
 

 

ANNEX III

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 
 

 

ANNEX IV

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 
 

 

ANNEX V

 

[intentionally left blank]

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 4.1

 

SHARE CERTIFICATE

 

Number

[1]

 

Shares

[1]

 

CHOWCHOW CLOUD INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS LIMITED

 

THIS SHARE CERTIFICATE CERTIFIES THAT as of [date], [Name of Shareholder] of [Address of Shareholder] is the registered holder of [1] fully paid Ordinary Share of nominal or par value of US$0.0001 each in the above named Company which are held subject to, and transferable in accordance with, the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company (as Revised).

 

In Witness Whereof the Company has authorised this certificate to be issued on [date].

 

 

By
    Director

 

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 4.2

 

Representative’s Warrant

 

NEITHER THESE SECURITIES NOR THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THESE SECURITIES HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS AS EVIDENCED BY A LEGAL OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE TRANSFEROR TO SUCH EFFECT, THE SUBSTANCE OF WHICH SHALL BE REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY. THESE SECURITIES AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THESE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.

 

THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT BY ITS ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT SELL, TRANSFER OR ASSIGN THIS PURCHASE WARRANT EXCEPT AS HEREIN PROVIDED AND THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT SELL, TRANSFER, ASSIGN, PLEDGE OR HYPOTHECATE THIS PURCHASE WARRANT FOR A PERIOD OF ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY (180) DAYS FOLLOWING THE COMMENCEMENT OF SALES OF THE OFFERING TO ANYONE OTHER THAN (I) MAXIM PARTNERS LLC, OR A REPRESENTATIVE OR A SELECTED DEALER IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING, OR (II) A BONA FIDE OFFICER OR PARTNER OF MAXIM PARTNERS LLC, OR OF ANY SUCH UNDERWRITERS OR SELECTED DEALER.

 

ORDINARY SHARES PURCHASE WARRANT

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

 

Warrant Shares: [               ] Original Issuance Date: [                ], 2025

 

THIS ORDINARY SHARES PURCHASE WARRANT (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, Maxim Partners LLC or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after six (6) months from the effective date of the Registration Statement (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on [                ], 20301 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited, an exempted company duly incorporated with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Company”), up to [                ]2 Ordinary Shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one Warrant Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).

 

Section 1. Definitions. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Underwriting Agreement (the “Agreement”), dated [             ], 2025 by and between the Company and Maxim Group, LLC, as representative of the several underwriters.

 

 

1 NTD: To fill in 5-year anniversary after the Original Issuance Date.

2 NTD: being 5% of the ordinary shares to be issued upon the closing of the IPO.

 

1
 

 

Section 2. Exercise.

 

a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed facsimile copy (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.

 

b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be $[       ] (which is 110% of the offering price per Ordinary Share in the offering contemplated by the Agreement) (the “Exercise Price”).

 

c) Cashless Exercise. If at the time of exercise hereof there is no effective registration statement registering the Warrant Shares, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, then, provided that the Trading Price, as defined below, is equal to or greater than the Exercise Price, on the Termination Date, this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:

 

(A)= as applicable: (i) the VWAP (as defined below) on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b)(64) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Ordinary Shares on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder’s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day (such applicable price for (a), the “Trading Price”);
   
(B)= the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
   
(X)= the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.

 

2
 

 

If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the characteristics of the Warrants being exercised and the holding period of the Warrants being exercised may be tacked on to the holding period of the Warrant Shares. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).

 

Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Ordinary Shares for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the Ordinary Shares are traded on OTCQB or OTCQX, the volume weighted average sales price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holder and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the Ordinary Shares are traded on OTCQB or OTCQX , the volume weighted average sales price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holder and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.

 

Provided that the Trading Price is equal to or greater than the Exercise Price, on the Termination Date, this Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2(c).

 

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d) Mechanics of Exercise.

 

i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder either by (A) crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder, or (B) if there is no effective registration statement and the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise at a time when such Warrant Shares would be eligible for resale under Rule 144 by a non-affiliate of the Company, such Warrant Shares are delivered to Holder’s broker, and the Company receives a statement from Holder’s broker that it has received instructions to sell the Warrant Shares or that it would take responsibility that the sales of the Warrant Shares will only be made if the Warrant Shares are eligible to be sold under Rule 144, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Ordinary Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.

 

ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.

 

iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.

 

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iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Ordinary Shares having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Ordinary Shares with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.

 

vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which transfer taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.

 

vii. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.

 

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e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of Ordinary Shares which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, non-exercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or non-converted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Ordinary Share equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding Ordinary Shares was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.

 

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Section 3. Certain Adjustments.

 

a) Stock Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on Ordinary Shares or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Ordinary Shares (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Ordinary Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding Ordinary Shares into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of Ordinary Shares, any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.

 

b) Subsequent Equity Sales. If the Company or any Subsidiary thereof, as applicable, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, shall sell, enter into an agreement to sell, or grant any option to purchase, or sell or grant any right to reprice, or otherwise dispose of or issue (or announce any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition) any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents, at an effective price per share less than the Exercise Price then in effect (such lower price, the “Base Share Price” and such issuances collectively, a “Dilutive Issuance”) (it being understood and agreed that if the holder of the Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents so issued shall at any time, whether by operation of purchase price adjustments, reset provisions, floating conversion, exercise or exchange prices or otherwise, or due to warrants, options or rights per share which are issued in connection with such issuance, be entitled to receive Ordinary Shares at an effective price per share that is less than the Exercise Price, such issuance shall be deemed to have occurred for less than the Exercise Price on such date of the Dilutive Issuance at such effective price), then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement) of each Dilutive Issuance the Exercise Price shall be reduced and only reduced to equal the Base Share Price. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustments shall be made, paid or issued under this Section 3(b) in respect of an Exempt Issuance. The Company shall notify the Holder, in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance or deemed issuance of any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents subject to this Section 3(b), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 3(b), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares based upon the Base Share Price regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the Base Share Price in the Notice of Exercise. If the Company enters into a Variable Rate Transaction, the Company shall be deemed to have issued Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents at the lowest possible price, conversion price or exercise price at which such securities may be issued, converted or exercised.

 

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c) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time, the Company grants, issues or sells any Ordinary Share equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such Ordinary Shares as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

d) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of Ordinary Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise, other than cash (including, without limitation, any distribution of stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any Ordinary Shares as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).

 

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e) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person (other than solely with respect to a name change of the Company), (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Ordinary Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Ordinary Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than a reclassification in which the Company’s shareholders remain the same), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding Ordinary Shares (not including any Ordinary Shares held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of Ordinary Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Ordinary Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Ordinary Shares are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors or the consideration is not in all stock of the Successor Entity, Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity, as of the date of consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Ordinary Shares are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black and Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of 100% and the 100 day volatility obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the greater of (x) the last VWAP immediately prior to the public announcement of such Fundamental Transaction and (y) the last VWAP immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds within five Business Days of the Holder’s election (or, if later, on the effective date of the Fundamental Transaction). The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(e) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the Ordinary Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Ordinary Shares pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such Fundamental Transaction, the provisions of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to the Successor Entity), and may exercise every right and power of the Company and shall assume all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if such Successor Entity had been named as the Company herein.

 

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f) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of Ordinary Shares deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.

 

g) Notice to Holder.

 

i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.

 

ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Ordinary Shares, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Ordinary Shares, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Ordinary Shares rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Ordinary Shares, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Ordinary Shares are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Ordinary Shares of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Ordinary Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Ordinary Shares for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report on Form 6-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.

 

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Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.

 

a) Transferability. Pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1) and the Agreement, neither this Warrant nor any Warrant Shares issued upon exercise of this Warrant shall be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the securities by any person for a period of eighteen (18) months immediately following the closing of the Offering, except 1) that the Warrants may be assigned, in whole or in part, to any successor, officer, manager or member of Maxim (or to officers, managers or members of any such successor or member), and to members of the underwriting syndicate or selling group, or 2) the transfer of any security:

 

(i) by operation of law or by reason of reorganization of the Company;

 

(ii) to any FINRA member firm participating in the offering and the officers and partners thereof, if all securities so transferred remain subject to the lock-up restriction in this Section 4(a) for the remainder of the time period;

 

(iii) if the aggregate amount of securities of the Company held by the Holder or related person do not exceed 1% of the securities being offered;

 

(iv) that is beneficially owned on a pro-rata basis by all equity owners of an investment fund, provided that no participating member manages or otherwise directs investments by the fund, and participating members in the aggregate do not own more than 10% of the equity in the fund; or

 

(v) the exercise or conversion of any security, if all securities received remain subject to the lock-up restriction in this Section 4(a) for the remainder of the time period.

 

Subject to the foregoing restrictions, compliance with any applicable securities laws, and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within two (2) Trading Days of the date the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.

 

b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the Original Issuance Date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.

 

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c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.

 

d) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant or Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.

 

Section 5. Registration Rights

 

a) Demand Registration.

 

i. Grant of Right. Unless all of the Registrable Securities (defined as below) are included in an effective registration statement with a current prospectus or are not eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, the Company, upon written demand (“Initial Demand Notice”) of the Holder(s), agrees to register on two occasions only (each, a “Demand Registration”) under the Securities Act all or any portion of the Warrant Shares requested by the Holders in the Initial Demand Notice (the “Registrable Securities”). On such occasion, the Company will file a registration statement covering the Registrable Securities within 60 days after receipt of the Initial Demand Notice and use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as soon as possible thereafter. A demand for registration may be made at any time during which the Holders hold any of the Warrant Shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to effect a registration pursuant to this Section 5 a): (A) with respect to securities that are not Registrable Securities; (B) during any Scheduled Black-Out Period; (C) if the aggregate offering price of the Registrable Securities to be offered is less than $250,000, unless the Registrable Securities to be offered constitute all of the then-outstanding Registrable Securities; or (D) within 180 days after the effective date of a prior registration in respect of the Ordinary Shares, including a Demand Registration (or, in the event that Holders were prevented from including any Registrable Securities requested to be included in a Piggyback Registration pursuant to Section 5 b), within 90 days after the effective date of such prior registration in respect of the Ordinary Shares. For purposes of this Agreement, a “Scheduled Black-Out Period” shall mean the periods from and including the day that is ten days prior to the last day of a fiscal quarter of the Company to and including the day that is two days after the day on which the Company publicly releases its earnings for such fiscal quarter. The Initial Demand Notice shall specify the number of shares of Registrable Securities proposed to be sold and the intended method(s) of distribution thereof. The Company will notify all holders of the Warrant Shares of the demand within ten days from the date of the receipt of any such Initial Demand Notice. Each holder of the Warrant Shares who wishes to include all or a portion of such holder’s Warrant Shares in the Demand Registration (each such holder including shares of Registrable Securities in such registration, a “Demanding Holder”) shall so notify the Company within 15 days after the receipt by the holder of the notice from the Company. Upon any such request, the Demanding Holders shall be entitled to have their Warrant Shares included in the Demand Registration. The term of the Demand Registration shall not be more than five-years from the Effective Date.

 

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ii. Effective Registration. A registration will not count as a Demand Registration until the registration statement filed with the Commission with respect to such Demand Registration has been declared effective and the Company has complied with all of its obligations under this Warrant with respect thereto.

 

iii. Terms. In connection with the first Demand Registration, the Company shall bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the Registrable Securities, including the reasonable expenses of one legal counsel selected by the Holders to represent them in connection with the sale of the Registrable Securities. In connection with the second Demand Registration, the Holders shall bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the Registrable Securities including the reasonable expenses of the Company’s legal counsel. The Company agrees to qualify or register the Registrable Securities in such states as are reasonably requested by the Holder(s); provided, however, that in no event shall the Company be required to register the Registrable Securities in a state in which such registration would cause (i) the Company to be obligated to qualify to do business in such state, or would subject the Company to taxation as a foreign corporation doing business in such jurisdiction or (ii) the principal shareholders of the Company to be obligated to escrow their shares of Ordinary Shares of the Company. The Company shall cause any registration statement filed pursuant to the demand rights granted under Section 5(a)(iii) to remain effective until all Registrable Securities are sold.

 

iv. Deferred Filing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Board of Directors of the Company determines in its good faith judgment that the filing of a registration statement in connection with a Demand Registration (i) would be seriously detrimental to the Company in that such registration would interfere with a material corporate transaction or (ii) would require the disclosure of material non-public information concerning the Company that at the time is not, in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors, in the best interests of the Company to disclose and is not, in the opinion of the Company’s counsel, otherwise required to be disclosed, then the Company shall have the right to defer such filing for the period during which such registration would be seriously detrimental under clause (i) or would require such disclosure under clause (ii); provided, however, that (x) the Company may not defer such filing for a period of more than one hundred and twenty (120) days after receipt of any demand by the Holders and (y) the Company shall not exercise its right to defer a Demand Registration more than once in any 12-month period. The Company shall give written notice of its determination to the Holders to defer the filing and of the fact that the purpose for such deferral no longer exists, in each case, promptly after the occurrence thereof.

 

v. No Cash Settlement Option. The Company is only required to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause a registration statement covering issuance of the Registrable Securities to be declared effective, and once effective, only to use its commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement. The Company will not be obligated to deliver securities, and there are no contractual penalties for failure to deliver securities, if a registration statement is not effective at the time of exercise. Additionally, in no event is the Company obligated to settle any Warrants, in whole or in part, for cash in the event it is unable to register the Registrable Securities.

 

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b) Piggy-Back Registration.

 

i. Piggy-Back Rights. If at any time during the five year period after the Closing of the Offering, the registration statement filed pursuant to this Section 5(a) is no longer effective and the Registrable Securities are not eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, the Company proposes to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to an offering of equity securities, or securities or other obligations exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into, equity securities, by the Company for its own account or for shareholders of the Company for their account (or by the Company and by shareholders of the Company including, without limitation, pursuant to Section 5(a)), other than a registration statement (i) filed in connection with any employee share option or other benefit plan, (ii) for an exchange offer or offering of securities solely to the Company’s existing shareholders, or (iii) for a dividend reinvestment plan, then the Company shall (x) give written notice of such proposed filing to the holders of Registrable Securities as soon as practicable but in no event less than ten days before the anticipated filing date, which notice shall describe the amount and type of securities to be included in such offering, the intended method(s) of distribution, and the name of the proposed managing underwriter or underwriters, if any, of the offering, and (y) offer to the holders of Registrable Securities in such notice the opportunity to register the sale of such number of Warrant Shares held by such holder (the “Piggy-Back Registrable Securities”), as such holders may request in writing within five days following receipt of such notice (a “Piggy-Back Registration”). The Company shall, at its own cost, cause such Piggy-Back Registrable Securities to be included in such registration and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the managing underwriter or underwriters of a proposed underwritten offering to permit the Piggy-Back Registrable Securities requested to be included in a Piggy-Back Registration on the same terms and conditions as any similar securities of the Company and to permit the sale or other disposition of such Piggy-Back Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method(s) of distribution thereof. All holders of Piggy-Back Registrable Securities proposing to distribute their securities through a Piggy-Back Registration that involves an underwriter or underwriters shall enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the underwriter or underwriters selected for such Piggy-Back Registration.

 

ii. Reduction of Offering. If the managing underwriter or underwriters for a Piggy-Back Registration that is to be an underwritten offering advises the Company and the holders of Registrable Securities in writing that the dollar amount or number of Ordinary Shares which the Company desires to sell, taken together with Ordinary Shares, if any, as to which registration has been requested pursuant to written contractual arrangements with persons other than the holders of Piggy-Back Registrable Securities hereunder, the Piggy-Back Registrable Securities as to which registration has been requested under this Section 5(b), and the Ordinary Shares, if any, as to which registration has been requested pursuant to the written contractual piggy-back registration rights of other shareholders of the Company, exceeds the maximum dollar amount or maximum number of shares that can be sold in such offering without adversely affecting the proposed offering price, the timing, the distribution method, or the probability of success of such offering (such maximum dollar amount or maximum number of shares, as applicable, the “Maximum Number of Shares”), then the Company shall include in any such registration:

 

(x) If the registration is undertaken for the Company’s account: (A) first, the Ordinary Shares or other securities that the Company desires to sell that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Shares; and (B) second, subject to the requirements of registration rights granted by the Company prior to the date hereof, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Shares has not been reached under the foregoing clause (A), up to the amount of Ordinary Shares or other securities that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Shares, on a pro rata basis, from (i) Piggy-Back Registrable Securities as to which registration has been requested and (ii) the Ordinary Shares or other securities for the account of other persons that the Company is obligated to register pursuant to written contractual piggy-back registration rights with such persons;

 

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(y) If the registration is a Demand Registration undertaken at the demand of holders of Registrable Securities, subject to the requirements of registration rights granted by the Company prior to the date hereof, (A) first, the Ordinary Shares or other securities for the account of the demanding persons that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Shares; (B) second, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Shares has not been reached under the foregoing clause (A), the Ordinary Shares or other securities comprised of Piggy-Back Registrable Securities, pro rata, as to which registration has been requested pursuant to the terms hereof that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Shares; and (C) third, to the extent that the Maximum Number of Shares has not been reached under the foregoing clauses (A) and (B), the Ordinary Shares or other securities for the account of other persons that the Company is obligated to register pursuant to written contractual arrangements with such persons, that can be sold without exceeding the Maximum Number of Shares.

 

iii. Withdrawal. Any holder of Piggy-Back Registrable Securities may elect to withdraw such holder’s request for inclusion of such Piggy-Back Registrable Securities in any Piggy-Back Registration by giving written notice to the Company of such request to withdraw prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement. The Company (whether on its own determination or as the result of a withdrawal by persons making a demand pursuant to written contractual obligations) may withdraw a registration statement at any time prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement. Notwithstanding any such withdrawal, the Company shall pay all expenses incurred by the holders of Piggy-Back Registrable Securities in connection with such Piggy-Back Registration as provided in Section 5(b)(iv).

 

iv. Terms. The Company shall bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the Piggy-Back Registrable Securities, including the expenses of one legal counsel selected by the Holders to represent them in connection with the sale of the Piggy-Back Registrable Securities but the Holders shall pay any and all underwriting commissions related to the Piggy-Back Registrable Securities. In the event of such a proposed registration, the Company shall furnish the then Holders of outstanding Piggy-Back Registrable Securities with not less than fifteen days written notice prior to the proposed date of filing of such registration statement. Such notice to the Holders shall continue to be given for each applicable registration statement filed (during the period in which the Warrant is exercisable) by the Company until such time as all of the Piggy-Back Registrable Securities have been registered and sold. The Holders of the Piggy-Back Registrable Securities shall exercise the “piggy-back” rights provided for herein by giving written notice, within ten days of the receipt of the Company’s notice of its intention to file a registration statement. The Company shall cause any registration statement filed pursuant to the above “piggyback” rights to remain effective for at least nine (9) months from the date that the Holders of the Piggy-Back Registrable Securities are first given the opportunity to sell all of such securities.

 

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c) General Terms. These additional terms shall relate to registration under Sections 5(a) above:

 

i. Indemnification.

 

(w) The Company shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, indemnify the Holder(s) of the Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to any registration statement hereunder and each person, if any, who controls such Holders within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against all loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (including all reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever whether arising out of any action between the underwriter and the Company or between the underwriter and any third party or otherwise) to which any of them may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, arising from such registration statement; provided, however, that, with respect to any Holder of Registrable Securities, this indemnity shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of an untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Holder expressly for use in the registration statement (or any amendment thereto), or any preliminary prospectus or the prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto).

 

(x) The Holder(s) of the Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to such registration statement, and their successors and assigns, shall severally, and not jointly, indemnify the Company, its officers and directors and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act, against all loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (including all reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any claim whatsoever) to which they may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, arising from information furnished by or on behalf of such Holders, or their successors or assigns, in writing, for specific inclusion in such registration statement(or any amendment thereto), or any preliminary prospectus or the prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto).

 

(y) Each indemnified party shall give prompt notice to each indemnifying party of any action commenced against it in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, but failure to so notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve the indemnifying party from any liability it may have under this Agreement, except to the extent that the indemnifying party is prejudiced thereby. If it so elects, after receipt of such notice, an indemnifying party, jointly with any other indemnifying parties receiving such notice, may assume the defense of such action with counsel chosen by it; provided, however, that the indemnified party shall be entitled to participate in (but not control) the defense of such action with counsel chosen by it, the reasonable fees and expenses of which shall be paid by such indemnified party, unless a conflict would arise if one counsel were to represent both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party, in which case the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to the indemnified party shall be paid by the indemnifying party or parties. In no event shall the indemnifying party or parties be liable for a settlement of an action with respect to which they have assumed the defense if such settlement is effected without the written consent of such indemnifying party, or for the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one counsel for (i) the Company, its officers, directors and controlling persons as a group, and (ii) the selling Holders and their controlling persons as a group, in each case, in connection with any one action or separate but similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances; provided, however, that if, in the reasonable judgment of an indemnified party, a conflict of interest may exist between such indemnified party and the Company or any other of such indemnified parties with respect to such claim, the indemnifying party shall be obligated to pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such additional counsel.

 

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(z) If the indemnification provided for in or pursuant to Section 5(b)(i) is due in accordance with the terms hereof, but held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unavailable or unenforceable in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to therein, then each applicable indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party on the one hand and of the indemnified party on the other in connection with the statements or omissions which result in such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying party on the one hand and of the indemnified party on the other shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the indemnifying party or by the indemnified party, and by such party’s relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

 

ii. [Intentionally Omitted]

 

iii. Supplemental Prospectus. Each Holder agrees, that upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event as a result of which the prospectus included in the registration statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in light of the circumstances then existing, such Holder will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to the registration statement covering such Registrable Securities until such Holder’s receipt of the copies of a supplemental or amended prospectus, and, if so desired by the Company, such Holder shall deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) or destroy (and deliver to the Company a certificate of such destruction) all copies, other than permanent file copies then in such Holder’s possession, of the prospectus covering such Registrable Securities current at the time of receipt of such notice. Immediately after discovering of such an event which causes the prospectus included in the registration statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in light of the circumstances then existing, the Company shall prepare and file, as soon as practicable, a supplement or amendment to the prospectus so that such registration statement does not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading in light of the circumstances then existing and distribute such supplement or amendment to each Holder.

 

Section 6. Miscellaneous.

 

a) No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.

 

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b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.

 

c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.

 

d) Authorized Shares.

 

The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Ordinary Shares a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Ordinary Shares may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).

 

Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and non-assessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.

 

Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.

 

e) Jurisdiction. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement.

 

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f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.

 

g) Non-waiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant or the Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.

 

h) Notices. Any notice, request or other document required or permitted to be given or delivered to the Holder by the Company shall be delivered in accordance with the notice provisions of the Agreement.

 

i) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Ordinary Shares or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.

 

j) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.

 

l) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company and the Holder.

 

m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.

 

n) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.

 

********************

 

(Signature Page Follows)

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited  
     
By:              
Name:    
Title:    

 

 
 

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE

 

TO: ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

 

(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.

 

(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):

 

☐ in lawful money of the United States; or

 

☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).

 

(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:

 

______________________

 

The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:

 

______________________

 

______________________

 

______________________

 

[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]

 

Name of Investing Entity:_________________________________________________________

 

Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:__________________________________

 

Name of Authorized Signatory:____________________________________________________

 

Title of Authorized Signatory:_____________________________________________________

 

Date:_________________________________________________________________________

 

 
 

 

EXHIBIT B

 

ASSIGNMENT FORM

 

(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to

 

Name:    
Address:   (Please Print)
Phone Number:    
Email Address:   (Please Print)
Dated: ___________ __, _____    
Holder’s Signature:    
Holder’s Address:    

 

Warrant Exercise Log

 

Date   Number of Warrant Shares Available to be Exercised  

Number of Warrant

Shares Exercised

  Number of Warrant Shares Remaining to be Exercised
             

 

 
 

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

 

WARRANT DATED __________, 2025

 

WARRANT NO. [       ]

 

FORM OF ASSIGNMENT

 

[To be completed and signed only upon transfer of Warrant]

 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto ________________________________ the right represented by the above-captioned Warrant to purchase ____________ share of Company Ordinary Shares and appoints ________________ attorney to transfer said right on the books of the Company with full power of substitution in the premises.

 

Dated: _______________, ____

 

     
    (Signature must conform in all respects to name of holder as specified on the face of the Warrant)
     
     
    Address of Transferee
     
     
     
     
     
In the presence of:    
     

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 5.1

 

Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP
138 Market Street
#24-04 CapitaGreen
Singapore 048946
Tel: +65 6800 9830
Fax: +65 6800 9831

 

28 May 2025

 

lishi.fong@harneys.com

+65 6800 9833

064884.0001/LZF

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

c/o Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited

4th Floor, Harbour Place

103 South Church Street, P.O. Box 10240

Grand Cayman, KY1-1002

Cayman Islands

 

Dear Sir or Madam

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited (the Company)

 

We are attorneys-at-law qualified to practise in the Cayman Islands and have acted as Cayman Islands legal advisers to the Company in connection with the Registration Statement (as defined in Schedule 1), to be filed on or about the date of this opinion with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), involving an initial public offering (the IPO) of 2,600,000 Ordinary Shares of par value of US$0.0001 each (collectively, the Firm Shares), and an option to issue up to 390,000 Ordinary Shares of par value of US$0.0001 each (collectively, the Option Shares, together with the Firm Shares, the IPO Shares) to be offered by the Company to cover the over-allotment option to be granted to the underwriters to be issued pursuant to the Resolutions (as defined in Schedule 1). The Company will also be issuing warrants to the Representative (as defined below) (the Warrants) to purchase up to an aggregate number of Ordinary Shares of par value of US$0.0001 each which is equal to five (5%) percent of the IPO Shares (the Underlying Shares, together with the IPO Shares, the Shares). In this opinion Companies Act means the Companies Act (2025 Revision) of the Cayman Islands.

 

We are furnishing this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement.

 

For the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined the Documents (as defined in Schedule 1). We have not examined any other documents, official or corporate records or external or internal registers and have not undertaken or been instructed to undertake any further enquiry or due diligence in relation to the transaction which is the subject of this opinion.

 

In giving this opinion we have relied upon the assumptions set out in Schedule 2 which we have not verified.

 

Based solely upon the foregoing examinations and assumptions and having regard to legal considerations which we deem relevant, and subject to the qualifications set out in Schedule 3, we are of the opinion that under the laws of the Cayman Islands:

 

1Existence and Good Standing. The Company is an exempted company duly incorporated with limited liability and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the Cayman Islands, with power and authority (corporate and other) to own its properties and conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement. It is a separate legal entity and is subject to suit in its own name.

 

Jersey legal services are provided through a referral arrangement with Harneys (Jersey) which is an independently owned and controlled Jersey law firm.
Registered in Singapore with limited liability (T13LL2450G).
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Cyprus | Hong Kong | Jersey | London | Luxembourg
Montevideo | São Paulo | Shanghai | Singapore
harneys.com

 

 

 

 

2Allotment and Issuance. The allotment and issuance by the Company of the Shares on the basis contemplated in the Transaction Documents have been duly authorised by the Company by the Resolutions (as defined in Schedule 1) and, subject to the satisfaction of any conditions or requirements set forth in the Underwriting Agreement (as defined in Schedule 1) in relation to the Underlying Shares, will be validly and legally issued and allotted and credited as fully paid and non-assessable.

 

3Share Capital. Based on the M&A (as defined in Schedule 1), the Company has an authorised share capital of US$50,000 divided into 500,000,000 ordinary shares of par value of US$0.0001 each. When allotted, issued, paid for and registered in the Register of Members (as defined in Schedule 1), the Shares will be legally and validly allotted and issued, fully paid and non-assessable, will conform to the description of the Shares contained in the Registration Statement and will rank pari passu in all respects with all other issued Shares subject to the rights, privileges and restrictions set forth in the M&A.

 

4Disclosure. The statements in the Registration Statement appearing under the headings “Risk Factors”, “Dividend Policy”, “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities”, “Management”, “Description of Share Capital” and “Taxation”, in each case to the extent that they constitute statements of Cayman Islands law, are accurate and complete in all material respects.

 

This opinion is confined to the matters expressly opined on herein and given on the basis of the laws of the Cayman Islands as they are in force and applied by the Cayman Islands courts at the date of this opinion. We have made no investigation of, and express no opinion on, the laws of any other jurisdiction. We express no opinion as to matters of fact. Except as specifically stated herein, we make no comment with respect to any representations and warranties which may be made by or with respect to the Company in the Transaction Documents. We express no opinion with respect to the commercial terms of the transactions the subject of this opinion.

 

In connection with the above opinion, we hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act, as amended, or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission thereunder.

 

This opinion is limited to the matters referred to herein and shall not be construed as extending to any other matter or document not referred to herein.

 

This opinion shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the Cayman Islands.

 

Yours faithfully  
   
/s/ Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP  
Harney Westwood & Riegels Singapore LLP  

 

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Schedule 1

 

List of Documents Examined

 

1A copy of the certificate of incorporation of the Company dated 8 October 2024.

 

2A copy of the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company as adopted by a special resolution dated 18 October 2024 (the M&A).

 

3A copy of the certificate of good standing in respect of the Company, issued by the Registrar of Companies dated 23 May 2025 (the Certificate of Good Standing).

 

4The Register of Writs and other Originating Process of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands (the Court Register) via the Court’s Digital System (as defined in Schedule 3) from the incorporation date of the Company to 27 May 2025 (the Court Search Date).

 

5Copies of the register of directors and officers of the Company dated 8 October 2024 and the register of members of the Company dated 8 October 2024 (the Register of Members).

 

6A copy of the written resolutions of the shareholder(s) of the Company dated 18 October 2024.

 

7A copy of the written resolutions of the director(s) of the Company dated 23 May 2025 (together with 6 above, the Resolutions);

 

(1 to 7 above are the Corporate Documents)

 

8Copies of the following documents:

 

(a)a draft underwriting agreement to be entered into between the Company and Maxim Group, LLC (the Representative), as representative of the underwriters named therein (the Underwriting Agreement);

 

(b)the registration statements on Form F-1 (including all amendments or supplements thereto) in relation to the IPO (the Registration Statement, which term does not include any other document or agreement whether or not specifically referred to therein or attached as an exhibit or schedule thereto); and

 

((a) to (b) above are the Transaction Documents).

 

The Corporate Documents and the Transaction Documents are collectively referred to in this opinion as the Documents.

 

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Schedule 2

 

Assumptions

 

1Validity under Foreign Laws. That (i) each party to the Underwriting Agreement (other than the Company) has the necessary capacity, power and authority to enter into the Underwriting Agreement and perform its obligations thereunder, and each such party will duly execute the Underwriting Agreement; (ii) the Underwriting Agreement will, when dated, executed and delivered, constitute valid, legally binding and enforceable obligations of each of the parties thereto under the laws of New York State by which law it is expressed to be governed; (iii) all formalities required under the laws of New York State and any other applicable laws (other than the laws of the Cayman Islands) have been complied with; and (iv) no other matters arising under any foreign law will affect the views expressed in this opinion.

 

2Choice of Laws. The choice of the laws of New York State selected to govern the respective Transaction Documents has been made in good faith and will be regarded as a valid and binding selection which will be upheld in the courts of that jurisdiction and all other relevant jurisdictions (other than the Cayman Islands) and the entry into and performance of the respective Transaction Documents will not cause any of the parties thereto to be in breach of any agreement or undertaking.

 

3Draft Documents. That the Company will duly execute and deliver the relevant Transaction Document in the form of the drafts provided to us for review.

 

4Memorandum and Articles. The M&A remain in full force and effect and are otherwise unamended. The M&A will be the memorandum and articles of association of the Company in effect at the time of the issue of the Shares.

 

5Directors. The sole director of the Company considers the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents to be in the best interests of the Company and the sole director does not have has a financial interest in or other relationship to a party to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents which has not been properly disclosed in the Resolutions.

 

6Conditions. All conditions to the obligations of the parties to the Underwriting Agreement will be satisfied or duly waived prior to the issue and sale of the relevant Shares and there will be no breach of the terms of the Underwriting Agreement.

 

7Bona Fide Transaction. No disposition of property effected by the Transaction Documents is made for an improper purpose or wilfully to defeat an obligation owed to a creditor and at an undervalue. Each director has exercised proper care, diligence and skill in relation to the Transaction Documents.

 

8Solvency. The Company will on the date of execution of the Transaction Documents be able to pay its debts as they became due from its own moneys, any disposition or settlement of property effected by the Transaction Documents is made in good faith and for valuable consideration and, at the time of and following each such disposition of property by the Company pursuant to the Transaction Documents, the Company will be able to pay its debts as they become due from its own moneys.

 

9Authenticity of Documents. All original Documents are authentic, all signatures, initials and seals are genuine, all copies of Documents are true and correct copies and the Transaction Documents conform in every material respect to the latest drafts of the same produced to us and, where the Transaction Documents have been provided to us in successive drafts marked-up to indicate changes to such documents, all such changes have been so indicated.

 

10Corporate Documents. All matters required by law to be recorded in the Corporate Documents are so recorded, and all corporate minutes, resolutions, certificates, documents and records which we have reviewed are accurate and complete, and all facts expressed in or implied thereby are accurate and complete.

 

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11Court Search. The Register of Writs and other Originating Process of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands examined by us for the period from the date of incorporation of the Company to the Court Search Date via the Court’s Digital System on the Court Search Date, constitutes a complete record of the proceedings for such period before the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands.

 

12No Steps to Wind-up. The sole director and shareholders of the Company have not taken any steps to have the Company struck off or placed in liquidation, no steps have been taken to wind up the Company and no receiver has been appointed over any of the property or assets of the Company.

 

13Resolutions. The written Resolutions have been duly executed (and where by a corporate entity such execution has been duly authorised if so required) by or on behalf of each director or shareholder (as the case may be), and the signatures and initials thereon are those of a person or persons in whose name the Resolutions have been expressed to be signed. The Resolutions passed at a meeting were adopted at duly convened meetings of the board of directors and/or the shareholders of the Company, and such meetings were held and conducted in accordance with the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company. The Resolutions remain in full force and effect.

 

14Unseen Documents. Save for the Documents provided to us there are no resolutions, agreements, documents or arrangements which materially affect, amend or vary the transactions envisaged in the Documents and, in particular, that the entry into and performance of the Transaction Documents will not cause any of the parties thereto to be in breach of any agreement or undertaking. There is no contractual prohibition (other than as arising under Cayman Islands law) binding on the Company prohibiting it from issuing and allotting the Shares.

 

15Proceeds of Crime. No monies paid to or for the account of any party under the Transaction Documents represent or will represent criminal property or terrorist property (as defined in the Proceeds of Crime Act (2025 Revision) and the Terrorism Act (2018 Revision), respectively.

 

16Exercise. At the time of the exercise of the Warrants in accordance with the M&A (the Exercise):

 

(a)the Companies Act will not have changed in such a way as to materially impact the Exercise;

 

(b)the Company will have sufficient authorised but unallotted and unissued Underlying Shares, in each case to effect the Exercise in accordance with the M&A and the Companies Act;

 

(c)the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business immediately following the Exercise;

 

(d)the Company will have shares in issue immediately prior to the Exercise other than the Underlying Shares to be issued;

 

(e)all the considerations will have been fully paid and without obligation of the holder to make further payment to the Company in respect of the issuance of the Underlying Shares;

 

(f)the Company will not have been struck off or placed in liquidation;

 

(g)the issue price for the Underlying Shares to be issued on the Exercise will not be less than the par value of such Underlying Shares; and

 

(h)the provisions of the M&A relating to the Exercise will not have been altered, amended and restated.

 

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Schedule 3

 

Qualifications

 

1Stamp Duty. Cayman Islands stamp duty may be payable if the original Underwriting Agreement is executed in, brought to, or produced before a court of, the Cayman Islands.

 

2Foreign Statutes. We express no opinion in relation to provisions making reference to foreign statutes in the Underwriting Agreement.

 

3Good Standing. The Company shall be deemed to be in good standing at any time if all fees (including annual filing fees) and penalties under the Companies Act have been paid and the Registrar of Companies has no knowledge that the Company is in default under the Companies Act.

 

4Court Search. The search of the Register of Writs and other Originating Process of the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands has been undertaken on a digital system made available through the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands (the Court’s Digital System), and through inadvertent errors or delays in updating the digital system (and/or the Register from which the digital information is drawn) may not constitute a complete record of all proceedings as at the Court Search Date and in particular may omit details of very recent filings. The Court Search of the Court Register would not reveal, amongst other things, any writ, originating summons, originating motion, petition (including any winding-up petition), counterclaim or third party notice (Originating Process) filed with the Grand Court which, pursuant to the Grand Court rules or best practice of the Clerk of the Courts’ office, should have been entered in the Court Register but was not in fact entered in the Court Register (properly or at all), or any Originating Process which has been placed under seal or anonymised (whether by order of the Court or pursuant to the practice of the Clerk of the Courts’ office).

 

5Conflict of Laws. An expression of an opinion on a matter of Cayman Islands law in relation to a particular issue in this opinion should not necessarily be construed to imply that the Cayman Islands courts would treat Cayman Islands law as the proper law to determine that issue under its conflict of laws rules.

 

6Sanctions. The obligations of the Company may be subject to restrictions pursuant to United Nations and United Kingdom sanctions as implemented under the laws of the Cayman Islands.

 

7Economic Substance. We have undertaken no enquiry and express no view as to the compliance of the Company with the International Tax Co-operation (Economic Substance) Act (2024 Revision).

 

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Exhibit 5.2

 

SIDLEY AUSTIN

39/F, TWO INT’L FINANCE CENTRE

CENTRAL, HONG KONG

+852 2509 7888

+852 2509 3110 FAX

 

 

May 28, 2025

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

Unit 03, 23/F, Aitken Vanson Centre,

No. 61 Hoi Yuen Road, Kwun Tong

Kowloon, Hong Kong

 

Re: Registration Statement on Form F-1

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

We refer to the Registration Statement on Form F-1, Registration No. 333-286296, filed by ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited, an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability (the “Company”), on April 1, 2025 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as amended by Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 being filed with the SEC on the date hereof (as amended, the “Registration Statement”). The Registration Statement relates to the registration under the Securities Act of: (i) Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company (the “Shares”) and (ii) warrants to purchase Shares (the “Warrants”). The Shares and the Warrants are to be issued by the Company pursuant to an underwriting agreement between the Company and Maxim Group, LLC, as representative of the Underwriters named therein, the form of which is being filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement (the “Underwriting Agreement”).

 

This opinion letter is being delivered in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act.

 

We have examined and relied upon copies of the Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto, including the form of the Underwriting Agreement and the form of the Warrants. We have also examined originals, or copies of originals certified to our satisfaction, of such agreements, documents, certificates and statements of the Company and other corporate documents and instruments, and have examined such questions of law, as we have considered relevant and necessary as a basis for this opinion letter. We have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all persons and the conformity with the original documents of any copies thereof submitted to us for examination. As to facts relevant to the opinions expressed herein, we have relied without independent investigation or verification upon, and assumed the accuracy and completeness of, certificates, letters and oral and written statements and representations of public officials and officers and other representatives of the Company.

 

Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company when (i) the Registration Statement, as finally amended, shall have been declared effective under the Securities Act; and (ii) instruments representing such issue of Warrants shall have been duly executed and issued and duly delivered to Maxim Partners LLC or its assigns, all in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement as executed and delivered by the parties thereto.

 

Partners | Constance Choy H.M., Desmond Ang C.K., (Stephanie) Chan C. M., (Christopher) Cheng C.H., Meng Ding, Dominic D. James, (Sherlyn) Lau S.Y.,
David K. Lee, Olivia Ngan S.M., (Raymond) Oh C.H., Yuet Ming Tham, Claudia Yu K.W., Yan Zhang
Registered Foreign Lawyers | Dhevine S. Chandrapala (England and Wales)*, (Carrie) Li J. (New York)*, Mevelyn Ong S.L. (New York),
David J. Ryan (Victoria), (Renee) Xiong Y. (New York)*, Liming Xu (New York)
Consultants | Hon Au Yeung, Sophia Tong, Douglas Tsang C.L., (Eva) Tsui Y.W, Alan Wong C.K., Felicity Wong K.Y., (Dennis) Wu T.L., Iris Yuen L.S.

* Partner of Sidley Austin Holding LLP (a Delaware Limited Liability Partnership)

 

 

 

 

 

Page 2

 

Our opinions are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer and other similar laws relating to or affecting creditors’ rights generally and to general equitable principles (regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), including concepts of commercial reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relief.

 

For purposes of this opinion letter, we have assumed that (i) the Company was duly organized or formed and at all relevant times was, is and will be validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization or formation and at all relevant times had, has and will have full right, power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Underwriting Agreement and the Warrants; (ii) each of Underwriting Agreement and the Warrants have been or, at their respective time of delivery will be, duly authorized, executed and delivered under the laws of the Cayman Islands; (iii) any Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants have been duly authorized and, when issued, will be legally and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; and (iv) each of the Underwriting Agreement and the Warrant will be in the form reviewed by us and will be governed by the laws of the State of New York.

 

We express no opinion as to any provision of any instrument, agreement or other document (i) regarding severability of the provisions thereof; (ii) providing that the assertion or employment of any right or remedy shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy, or that every right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy, or that any delay or omission to exercise any right or remedy shall not impair any right or remedy or constitute a waiver thereof; (iii) imposing liquidated damages or penalties; (iv) regarding waiver of usury, stay, extension or similar laws; (v) regarding any obligation or agreement to use best efforts, reasonable best efforts or commercially reasonable efforts or any similar obligation or agreement; (vi) regarding choice of law; (vii) regarding specific performance or the grant of any power of attorney; or (viii) requiring any party to take further action or to enter into further agreements or instruments or to provide further assurances.

 

This opinion letter is limited to the laws of the State of New York (excluding the securities laws of the State of New York). We express no opinion as to the laws, rules or regulations of any other jurisdiction, including, without limitation, the federal laws of the United States of America or any state securities or blue sky laws.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an Exhibit to the Registration Statement and to all references to our Firm included in or made a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  /s/ Sidley Austin

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 10.5

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

 

2025 SHARE INCENTIVE PLAN

 

ARTICLE 1.

PURPOSE

 

The purpose of this 2025 Share Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is to promote the success and enhance the value of ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited, an exempted company formed under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Company”), by linking the personal interests of the Employees, Directors, and Consultants to those of the Company’s shareholders and by providing such individuals with an incentive for outstanding performance to generate superior returns to the Company’s shareholders. The Plan is further intended to provide flexibility to the Company in its ability to motivate, attract, and retain the services of the Employees, Directors, and Consultants upon whose judgment, interest, and special effort the successful conduct of the Company’s operation is largely dependent.

 

ARTICLE 2.

DEFINITIONS AND CONSTRUCTION

 

Wherever the following terms are used in the Plan they shall have the meanings specified below, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The singular pronoun shall include the plural where the context so indicates.

 

2.1. “Applicable Laws” means the legal requirements relating to the Plan and the Awards under applicable provisions of the corporate, securities, tax and other laws, rules, regulations and government orders, and the rules of any applicable stock exchange or national market system, of any jurisdiction applicable to Awards granted to residents therein.

 

2.2. “Award” means an Option, Restricted Share, Restricted Share Unit or other types of awards, in the form of cash or otherwise, as approved by the Committee granted to a Participant pursuant to the Plan.

 

2.3. “Award Agreement” means any written agreement, contract, or other instrument or document evidencing an Award, including through electronic medium.

 

2.4. “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

2.5. “Cause” with respect to a Participant means (unless otherwise expressly provided in the applicable Award Agreement, or another applicable contract with the Participant that defines such term for purposes of determining the effect that a “for cause” termination has on the Participant’s Awards) a termination of employment or service based upon a finding by the Service Recipient, acting in good faith and based on its reasonable belief at the time, that the Participant:

 

(a) has been negligent in the discharge of his or her duties to the Service Recipient, has refused to perform stated or assigned duties or is incompetent in or (other than by reason of a disability or analogous condition) incapable of performing those duties;

 

(b) has been dishonest or committed or engaged in an act of theft, embezzlement or fraud, a breach of confidentiality, an unauthorized disclosure or use of inside information, customer lists, trade secrets or other confidential information;

 

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(c) has breached a fiduciary duty, or willfully and materially violated any other duty, law, rule, regulation or policy of the Service Recipient; or has been convicted of, or plead guilty or nolo contendere to, a felony or misdemeanor (other than minor traffic violations or similar offenses);

 

(d) has materially breached any of the provisions of any agreement with the Service Recipient;

 

(e) has engaged in unfair competition with, or otherwise acted intentionally in a manner injurious to the reputation, business or assets of, the Service Recipient; or

 

(f) has improperly induced a vendor or customer to break or terminate any contract with the Service Recipient or induced a principal for whom the Service Recipient acts as agent to terminate such agency relationship.

 

A termination for Cause shall be deemed to occur (subject to reinstatement upon a contrary final determination by the Committee) on the date on which the Service Recipient first delivers written notice to the Participant of a finding of termination for Cause.

 

2.6. “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 of the United States, as amended.

 

2.7. “Committee” means a committee of the Board described in Article 10.

 

2.8. “Consultant” means any consultant or adviser if: (a) the consultant or adviser renders bona fide services to a Service Recipient; (b) the services rendered by the consultant or adviser are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction and do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for the Company’s securities; and (c) the consultant or adviser is a natural person who has contracted directly with the Service Recipient to render such services.

 

2.9. “Corporate Transaction”, unless otherwise defined in an Award Agreement, means any of the following transactions, provided, however, that the Committee shall determine under (d) and (e) whether multiple transactions are related, and its determination shall be final, binding and conclusive:

 

(a) an amalgamation, arrangement or consolidation or scheme of arrangement (i) in which the Company is not the surviving entity, except for a transaction the principal purpose of which is to change the jurisdiction in which the Company is incorporated or (ii) following which the holders of the voting securities of the Company do not continue to hold more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the surviving entity;

 

(b) the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company;

 

(c) the complete liquidation or dissolution of the Company;

 

(d) any reverse takeover or series of related transactions culminating in a reverse takeover (including, but not limited to, a tender offer followed by a reverse takeover) in which the Company is the surviving entity but (A) the Company’s equity securities outstanding immediately prior to such takeover are converted or exchanged by virtue of the takeover into other property, whether in the form of securities, cash or otherwise, or (B) in which securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities are transferred to a person or persons different from those who held such securities immediately prior to such takeover or the initial transaction culminating in such takeover, but excluding any such transaction or series of related transactions that the Committee determines shall not be a Corporate Transaction; or

 

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(e) acquisition in a single or series of related transactions by any person or related group of persons (other than the Company or by a Company-sponsored employee benefit plan) of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) of securities possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Company’s outstanding securities but excluding any such transaction or series of related transactions that the Committee determines shall not be a Corporate Transaction.

 

2.10. “Director”, means a member of the Board or a member of the board of directors of any Subsidiary of the Company.

 

2.11. “Disability”, unless otherwise defined in an Award Agreement, means that the Participant qualifies to receive long-term disability payments under the Service Recipient’s long-term disability insurance program, as it may be amended from time to time, to which the Participant provides services regardless of whether the Participant is covered by such policy. If the Service Recipient to which the Participant provides service does not have a long-term disability plan in place, “Disability” means that a Participant is unable to carry out the responsibilities and functions of the position held by the Participant by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment for a period of not less than ninety (90) consecutive days. A Participant will not be considered to have incurred a Disability unless he or she furnishes proof of such impairment sufficient to satisfy the Committee in its discretion.

 

2.12. “Effective Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11.1.

 

2.13. “Employee” means any person, including an officer or a Director, who is in the employment of a Service Recipient, subject to the control and direction of the Service Recipient as to both the work to be performed and the manner and method of performance. The payment of a director’s fee by a Service Recipient shall not be sufficient to constitute “employment” by the Service Recipient.

 

2.14. “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 of the United States, as amended.

 

2.15. “Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the value of Shares determined as follows:

 

(a) If the Shares are listed on one or more established stock exchanges or national market systems, including without limitation, the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Stock Market, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing sales price for such shares (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on the principal exchange or system on which the Shares are listed (as determined by the Committee) on the date of determination (or, if no closing sales price or closing bid was reported on that date, as applicable, on the last trading date such closing sales price or closing bid was reported), as reported on the website maintained by such exchange or market system or such other source as the Committee deems reliable;

 

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(b) If the Shares are regularly quoted on an automated quotation system (including the OTC Bulletin Board) or by a recognized securities dealer, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing sales price for such Shares as quoted on such system or by such securities dealer on the date of determination, but if selling prices are not reported, the Fair Market Value of a Share shall be the mean between the high bid and low asked prices for the Shares on the date of determination (or, if no such prices were reported on that date, on the last date such prices were reported), as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Committee deems reliable; or

 

(c) In the absence of an established market for the Shares of the type described in (a) and (b) above, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined by the Committee in good faith and in its discretion by reference to (i) the placing price of the latest private placement of the Shares and the development of the Company’s business operations and the general economic and market conditions since such latest private placement, (ii) other third party transactions involving the Shares and the development of the Company’s business operation and the general economic and market conditions since such transaction, (iii) an independent valuation of the Shares, or (iv) such other methodologies or information as the Committee determines to be indicative of Fair Market Value.

 

2.16. “Group Entity” means any of the Company and Subsidiaries of the Company.

 

2.17. “Incentive Share Option” means an Option that is intended to meet the requirements of Section 422 of the Code or any successor provision thereto.

 

2.18. “Independent Director” means (i) if the Shares or other securities representing the Shares are not listed on a stock exchange, a Director of the Company who is a Non-Employee Director; and (ii) if the Shares or other securities representing the Shares are listed on one or more stock exchange, a Director of the Company who meets the independence standards under the applicable corporate governance rules of the stock exchange(s).

 

2.19. “IPO” means the initial public offering of the Shares of the Company.

 

2.20. “Non-Employee Director” means a member of the Board who qualifies as a “Non-Employee Director” as defined in Rule 16b-3(b)(3) of the Exchange Act, or any successor definition adopted by the Board.

 

2.21. “Non-Qualified Share Option” means an Option that is not intended to be an Incentive Share Option.

 

2.22. “Option” means a right granted to a Participant pursuant to Article 5 of the Plan to purchase a specified number of Shares at a specified price during specified time periods. An Option may be either an Incentive Share Option or a Non-Qualified Share Option.

 

2.23. “Participant” means a person who, as an Employee, a Director or a Consultant, has been granted an Award pursuant to the Plan.

 

2.24. “Parent” means a parent corporation under Section 424(e) of the Code.

 

2.25. “Plan” means this 2025 Share Incentive Plan of ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited, as amended and/or restated from time to time.

 

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2.26. “Related Entity” means any business, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity in which the Company, a Parent or Subsidiary of the Company holds a substantial ownership interest, directly or indirectly, or controls through contractual arrangements and consolidates the financial results according to applicable accounting standards, but which is not a Subsidiary and which the Board designates as a Related Entity for purposes of the Plan.

 

2.27. “Restricted Share” means a Share awarded to a Participant pursuant to Article 6 that is subject to certain restrictions and may be subject to risk of forfeiture.

 

2.28. “Restricted Share Unit” means an Award granted pursuant to Article 7.

 

2.29. “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933 of the United States, as amended.

 

2.30. “Service Recipient” means the Company or Subsidiary of the Company to which a Participant provides services as an Employee, a Director or a Consultant.

 

2.31. “Share” means the ordinary shares of the Company, par value US$0.0001 per share, and such other securities of the Company that may be substituted for Shares pursuant to Article 9.

 

2.32. “Subsidiary” means any corporation or other entity of which a majority of the outstanding voting shares or voting power is beneficially owned directly or indirectly by the Company.

 

2.33. “Trading Date” means the closing of the first sale to the general public of the Shares pursuant to a registration statement filed with and declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act.

 

ARTICLE 3.

SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN

 

3.1. Number of Shares.

 

(a) Subject to the provisions of Article 9 and Section 3.1(b), the maximum aggregate number of Shares which may be issued pursuant to all Awards (including Incentive Share Options) is 4,875,000, equal to 15.0% of the total number of Shares issued and outstanding as of the effective date of this Plan.

 

(b) To the extent that an Award terminates, expires, or lapses for any reason, any Shares subject to the Award shall again be available for the grant of an Award pursuant to the Plan. To the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, Shares issued in assumption of, or in substitution for, any outstanding awards of any entity acquired in any form or combination by a Group Entity shall not be counted against Shares available for grant pursuant to the Plan. Shares delivered by the Participant or withheld by the Company upon the exercise of any Award under the Plan, in payment of the exercise price thereof or tax withholding thereon, may again be optioned, granted or awarded hereunder, subject to the limitations of Section 3.1(a). If any Restricted Shares are forfeited by the Participant or repurchased by the Company, such Shares may again be optioned, granted or awarded hereunder, subject to the limitations of Section 3.1(a). Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 3.1(b), no Shares may again be optioned, granted or awarded if such action would cause an Incentive Share Option to fail to qualify as an incentive share option under Section 422 of the Code.

 

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3.2. Shares Distributed. Any Shares distributed pursuant to an Award may consist, in whole or in part, of authorized and unissued Shares, treasury Shares (subject to Applicable Laws) or Shares purchased on the open market.

 

ARTICLE 4.

ELIGIBILITY AND PARTICIPATION

 

4.1. Eligibility. Persons eligible to participate in this Plan include Employees, Directors, and Consultants, as determined by the Committee.

 

4.2. Participation. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee may, from time to time, select from among all eligible individuals, those to whom Awards shall be granted and shall determine the nature and amount of each Award. No individual shall have any right to be granted an Award pursuant to this Plan.

 

4.3. Jurisdictions. In order to assure the viability of Awards granted to Participants employed in various jurisdictions, the Committee may provide for such special terms as it may consider necessary or appropriate to accommodate differences in local law, tax policy, or custom applicable in the jurisdiction in which the Participant resides, is employed, operates or is incorporated. Moreover, the Committee may approve such supplements to, or amendments, restatements, or alternative versions of, the Plan as it may consider necessary or appropriate for such purposes without thereby affecting the terms of the Plan as in effect for any other purpose; provided, however, that no such supplements, amendments, restatements, or alternative versions shall increase the share limitations contained in Section 3.1 of the Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not take any actions hereunder, and no Awards shall be granted, that would violate any Applicable Laws.

 

ARTICLE 5.

OPTIONS

 

5.1. General. The Committee is authorized to grant Options to Participants on the following terms and conditions:

 

(a) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Share subject to an Option shall be determined by the Committee and set forth in the Award Agreement which may be a fixed price or a variable price related to the Fair Market Value of the Shares. The exercise price per Share subject to an Option may be amended or adjusted in the absolute discretion of the Committee, the determination of which shall be final, binding and conclusive. For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent not prohibited by Applicable Laws or any exchange rule, a downward adjustment of the exercise prices of Options mentioned in the preceding sentence shall be effective without the approval of the Company’s shareholders or the approval of the affected Participants.

 

(b) Time and Conditions of Exercise. The Committee shall determine the time or times at which an Option may be exercised in whole or in part, including exercise prior to vesting; provided that the term of any Option granted under the Plan shall not exceed ten years, except as provided in Section 12.1. The Committee shall also determine any conditions, if any, that must be satisfied before all or part of an Option may be exercised.

 

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(c) Payment. The Committee shall determine the methods by which the exercise price of an Option may be paid, the form of payment, including, without limitation (i) cash or check denominated in U.S. Dollars, (ii) cash or check in Hong Kong Dollars, (iii) cash or check denominated in any other local currency as approved by the Committee, (iv) Shares held for such period of time as may be required by the Committee in order to avoid adverse financial accounting consequences and having a Fair Market Value on the date of delivery equal to the aggregate exercise price of the Option or exercised portion thereof, (v) after the Trading Date the delivery of a notice that the Participant has placed a market sell order with a broker with respect to Shares then issuable upon exercise of the Option, and that the broker has been directed to pay a sufficient portion of the net proceeds of the sale to the Company in satisfaction of the Option exercise price; provided that payment of such proceeds is then made to the Company upon settlement of such sale, (vi) other property acceptable to the Committee with a Fair Market Value equal to the exercise price, or (vii) any combination of the foregoing. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan to the contrary, no Participant who is a member of the Board or an “executive officer” of the Company within the meaning of Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act shall be permitted to pay the exercise price of an Option in any method which would violate Section 13(k) of the Exchange Act.

 

(d) Evidence of Grant. All Options shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement between the Company and the Participant. The Award Agreement shall include such additional provisions as may be specified by the Committee.

 

(e) Effects of Termination of Employment or Service on Options. Termination of employment or service shall have the following effects on Options granted to the Participants:

 

(i) Dismissal for Cause. Unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, if a Participant’s employment by or service to the Service Recipient is terminated by the Service Recipient for Cause, the Participant’s Options will terminate upon such termination, whether or not the Option is then vested and/or exercisable;

 

(ii) Death or Disability. Unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, if a Participant’s employment by or service to the Service Recipient terminates as a result of the Participant’s death or Disability:

 

A. the Participant (or his or her legal representative or beneficiary, in the case of the Participant’s Disability or death, respectively), will have until the date that is 12 months after the Participant’s termination of Employment to exercise the Participant’s Options (or portion thereof) to the extent that such Options were vested and exercisable on the date of the Participant’s termination of Employment on account of death or Disability;

 

B. the Options, to the extent not vested and exercisable on the date of the Participant’s termination of Employment or service, shall terminate upon the Participant’s termination of Employment or service on account of death or Disability; and

 

C. the Options, to the extent exercisable for the 12-month period following the Participant’s termination of Employment or service and not exercised during such period, shall terminate at the close of business on the last day of the 12-month period.

 

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(iii) Other Terminations of Employment or Service. Unless otherwise provided in the Award Agreement, if a Participant’s employment by or service to the Service Recipient terminates for any reason other than a termination by the Service Recipient for Cause or because of the Participant’s death or Disability:

 

A. the Participant will have until the date that is 90 days after the Participant’s termination of Employment or service to exercise his or her Options (or portion thereof) to the extent that such Options were vested and exercisable on the date of the Participant’s termination of Employment or service;

 

B. the Options, to the extent not vested and exercisable on the date of the Participant’s termination of Employment or service, shall terminate upon the Participant’s termination of Employment or service; and

 

C. the Options, to the extent exercisable for the 90-day period following the Participant’s termination of Employment or service and not exercised during such period, shall terminate at the close of business on the last day of the 90-day period.

 

5.2. Incentive Share Options. Incentive Share Options may be granted to Employees of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. The terms of any Incentive Share Options granted pursuant to the Plan, in addition to the requirements of Section 5.1, must comply with the following additional provisions of this Section 5.2:

 

(a) Individual Dollar Limitation. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time the Option is granted) of all Shares with respect to which Incentive Share Options are first exercisable by a Participant in any calendar year may not exceed $100,000 or such other limitation as imposed by Section 422(d) of the Code, or any successor provision. To the extent that Incentive Share Options are first exercisable by a Participant in excess of such limitation, the excess shall be considered Non-Qualified Share Options.

 

(b) Exercise Price. The exercise price of an Incentive Share Option shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, as evidenced by an Award Agreement.

 

(c) Transfer Restriction. The Participant shall give the Company prompt notice of any disposition of Shares acquired by exercise of an Incentive Share Option within (i) two years from the date of grant of such Incentive Share Option or (ii) one year after the transfer of such Shares to the Participant.

 

(d) Expiration of Incentive Share Options. No Award of an Incentive Share Option may be made pursuant to this Plan after the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date.

 

(e) Right to Exercise. During a Participant’s lifetime, an Incentive Share Option may be exercised only by the Participant.

 

ARTICLE 6.
RESTRICTED SHARES

 

6.1. Grant of Restricted Shares. The Committee, at any time and from time to time, may grant Restricted Shares to Participants as the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine. The Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine the number of Restricted Shares to be granted to each Participant.

 

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6.2. Restricted Shares Award Agreement. Each Award of Restricted Shares shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that shall specify the period of restriction, the number of Restricted Shares granted, and such other terms and conditions as the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine. Unless the Committee determines otherwise, Restricted Shares shall be held by the Company as escrow agent until the restrictions on such Restricted Shares have lapsed.

 

6.3. Issuance and Restrictions. Restricted Shares shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability and other restrictions as the Committee may impose (including, without limitation, limitations on the right to vote Restricted Shares or the right to receive dividends on the Restricted Shares). These restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, pursuant to such circumstances, in such installments, or otherwise, as the Committee determines at the time of the grant of the Award or thereafter.

 

6.4. Forfeiture/Repurchase. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of the grant of the Award or thereafter, upon termination of employment or service during the applicable restriction period, Restricted Shares that are at that time subject to restrictions shall be forfeited or repurchased in accordance with the Award Agreement; provided, however, the Committee may (a) provide in any Restricted Share Award Agreement that restrictions or forfeiture and repurchase conditions relating to Restricted Shares will be waived in whole or in part in the event of terminations resulting from specified causes, and (b) in other cases waive in whole or in part restrictions or forfeiture and repurchase conditions relating to Restricted Shares.

 

6.5. Certificates for Restricted Shares. Restricted Shares granted pursuant to the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine. If certificates representing Restricted Shares are registered in the name of the Participant, certificates must bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms, conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Shares, and the Company may, at its discretion, retain physical possession of the certificate until such time as all applicable restrictions lapse.

 

6.6. Removal of Restrictions. Except as otherwise provided in this Article 6, Restricted Shares granted under the Plan shall be released from escrow as soon as practicable after the last day of the period of restriction. The Committee, in its discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions shall lapse or be removed. After the restrictions have lapsed, the Participant shall be entitled to have any legend or legends under Section 6.5 removed from his or her Share certificate, and the Shares shall be freely transferable by the Participant, subject to applicable legal restrictions. The Committee (in its discretion) may establish procedures regarding the release of Shares from escrow and the removal of legends, as necessary or appropriate to minimize administrative burdens on the Company.

 

ARTICLE 7.
RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS

 

7.1. Grant of Restricted Share Units. The Committee, at any time and from time to time, may grant Restricted Share Units to Participants as the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine. The Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine the number of Restricted Share Units to be granted to each Participant.

 

7.2. Restricted Share Units Award Agreement. Each Award of Restricted Share Units shall be evidenced by an Award Agreement that shall specify any vesting conditions, the number of Restricted Share Units granted, and such other terms and conditions as the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine.

 

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7.3. Form and Timing of Payment of Restricted Share Units. At the time of grant, the Committee shall specify the date or dates on which the Restricted Share Units shall become fully vested and nonforfeitable. Upon vesting, the Committee, in its sole discretion, may pay Restricted Share Units in the form of cash, Shares or a combination thereof.

 

7.4. Forfeiture/Repurchase. Except as otherwise determined by the Committee at the time of the grant of the Award or thereafter, upon termination of employment or service during the applicable restriction period, Restricted Share Units that are at that time unvested shall be forfeited or repurchased in accordance with the Award Agreement; provided, however, the Committee may (a) provide in any Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement that restrictions or forfeiture and repurchase conditions relating to Restricted Share Units will be waived in whole or in part in the event of terminations resulting from specified causes, and (b) in other cases waive in whole or in part restrictions or forfeiture and repurchase conditions relating to Restricted Share Units.

 

ARTICLE 8.
PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO AWARDS

 

8.1. Award Agreement. Awards under the Plan shall be evidenced by Award Agreements that set forth the terms, conditions and limitations for each Award which may include the term of an Award, the provisions applicable in the event the Participant’s employment or service terminates, and the Company’s authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind an Award.

 

8.2. No Transferability; Limited Exception to Transfer Restrictions.

 

8.2.1. Limits on Transfer. Unless otherwise expressly provided in (or pursuant to) this Section 8.2, by applicable law and by the Award Agreement, as the same may be amended:

 

(a) all Awards are non-transferable and will not be subject in any manner to sale, transfer, anticipation, alienation, assignment, pledge, encumbrance or charge;

 

(b) Awards will be exercised only by the Participant; and

 

(c) amounts payable or shares issuable pursuant to an Award will be delivered only to (or for the account of), and, in the case of Shares, registered in the name of, the Participant.

 

In addition, the shares shall be subject to the restrictions set forth in the applicable Award Agreement.

 

8.2.2. Further Exceptions to Limits on Transfer. The exercise and transfer restrictions in Section 8.2.1 will not apply to:

 

(a) transfers to the Company or a Subsidiary;

 

(b) transfers by gift to “immediate family” as that term is defined in SEC Rule 16a-1(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act;

 

(c) the designation of a beneficiary to receive benefits if the Participant dies or, if the Participant has died, transfers to or exercises by the Participant’s beneficiary, or, in the absence of a validly designated beneficiary, transfers by will or the laws of descent and distribution; or

 

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(d) if the Participant has suffered a disability, permitted transfers or exercises on behalf of the Participant by the Participant’s duly authorized legal representative; or

 

(e) subject to the prior approval of the Committee or an executive officer or director of the Company authorized by the Committee, transfer to one or more natural persons who are the Participant’s family members or entities owned and controlled by the Participant and/or the Participant’s family members, including but not limited to trusts or other entities whose beneficiaries or beneficial owners are the Participant and/or the Participant’s family members, or to such other persons or entities as may be expressly approved by the Committee, pursuant to such conditions and procedures as the Committee or may establish. Any permitted transfer shall be subject to the condition that the Committee receives evidence satisfactory to it that the transfer is being made for estate and/or tax planning purposes and on a basis consistent with the Company’s lawful issue of securities.

 

Notwithstanding anything else in this Section 8.2.2 to the contrary, but subject to compliance with all Applicable Laws, Incentive Share Options, Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units will be subject to any and all transfer restrictions under the Code applicable to such Awards or necessary to maintain the intended tax consequences of such Awards. Notwithstanding clause (b) above but subject to compliance with all Applicable Laws, any contemplated transfer by gift to “immediate family” as referenced in clause (b) above is subject to the condition precedent that the transfer be approved by the share plan administrator in order for it to be effective.

 

8.3. Beneficiaries. Notwithstanding Section 8.2, a Participant may, in the manner determined by the Committee, designate a beneficiary to exercise the rights of the Participant and to receive any distribution with respect to any Award upon the Participant’s death. A beneficiary, legal guardian, legal representative, or other person claiming any rights pursuant to the Plan is subject to all terms and conditions of the Plan and any Award Agreement applicable to the Participant, except to the extent the Plan and Award Agreement otherwise provide, and to any additional restrictions deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee. If the Participant is married and resides in a community property state, a designation of a person other than the Participant’s spouse as his or her beneficiary with respect to more than 50% of the Participant’s interest in the Award shall not be effective without the prior written consent of the Participant’s spouse. If no beneficiary has been designated or survives the Participant, payment shall be made to the person entitled thereto pursuant to the Participant’s will or the laws of descent and distribution. Subject to the foregoing, a beneficiary designation may be changed or revoked by a Participant at any time provided the change or revocation is filed with the Committee.

 

8.4. Performance Objectives and Other Terms. The Committee, in its discretion, shall set performance objectives or other vesting criteria which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number or value of the Awards that will be granted or paid out to the Participants.

 

8.5. Share Certificates.

 

(a) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to issue or deliver any certificates evidencing the Shares pursuant to the exercise of any Award, unless and until the Committee has determined, with advice of counsel, that the issuance and delivery of such certificates is in compliance with all Applicable Laws, regulations of governmental authorities and, if applicable, the requirements of any exchange on which the Shares are listed or traded. All Share certificates delivered pursuant to the Plan are subject to any stop-transfer orders and other restrictions as the Committee deems necessary or advisable to comply with all Applicable Laws, and the rules of any national securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Shares are listed, quoted, or traded. The Committee may place legends on any Share certificate to reference restrictions applicable to the Shares. In addition to the terms and conditions provided herein, the Committee may require that a Participant make such reasonable covenants, agreements, and representations as the Committee, in its discretion, deems advisable in order to comply with any such laws, regulations, or requirements. The Committee shall have the right to require any Participant to comply with any timing or other restrictions with respect to the settlement or exercise of any Award, including a window-period limitation, as may be imposed in the discretion of the Committee.

 

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(b) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, unless otherwise determined by the Committee or required by Applicable Laws, the Company shall not deliver to any Participant certificates evidencing Shares issued in connection with any Award and instead such Shares shall be recorded on the books of the Company or, as applicable, its transfer agent or share plan administrator.

 

8.6. Paperless Administration. Subject to Applicable Laws, the Committee may make Awards and provide applicable disclosure and procedures for exercise of Awards by an internet website or interactive voice response system for the paperless administration of Awards.

 

8.7. Foreign Currency. A Participant may be required to provide evidence that any currency used to pay the exercise price of any Award was acquired and taken out of the jurisdiction in which the Participant resides in accordance with Applicable Laws, including foreign exchange control laws and regulations. In the event the exercise price for an Award is paid in Chinese Renminbi or other foreign currency, as permitted by the Committee, the amount payable will be determined by conversion from U.S. dollars at the official rate promulgated by the People’s Bank of China for Chinese Renminbi, or for jurisdictions other than the People’s Republic of China, the exchange rate as selected by the Committee on the date of exercise.

 

ARTICLE 9.
CHANGES IN CAPITAL STRUCTURE

 

9.1. Adjustments. In the event of any dividend, share split, combination or exchange of Shares, amalgamation, arrangement or consolidation, spin-off, recapitalization or other distribution (other than normal cash dividends) of Company assets to its shareholders, or any other change affecting the shares of Shares or the share price of a Share, the Committee shall make such proportionate adjustments, if any, as the Committee in its discretion may deem appropriate to reflect such change with respect to (a) the aggregate number and type of shares that may be issued under the Plan (including, but not limited to, adjustments of the limitations in Section 3.1); (b) the terms and conditions of any outstanding Awards (including, without limitation, any applicable performance targets or criteria with respect thereto); and (c) the grant or exercise price per share for any outstanding Awards under the Plan.

 

9.2. Corporate Transactions. Except as may otherwise be provided in any Award Agreement or any other written agreement entered into by and between the Company and a Participant, if the Committee anticipates the occurrence, or upon the occurrence, of a Corporate Transaction, the Committee may, in its sole discretion, provide for (i) any and all Awards outstanding hereunder to terminate at a specific time in the future and shall give each Participant the right to exercise the vested portion of such Awards during a period of time as the Committee shall determine, or (ii) the purchase of any Award for an amount of cash equal to the amount that could have been attained upon the exercise of such Award (and, for the avoidance of doubt, if as of such date the Committee determines in good faith that no amount would have been attained upon the exercise of such Award, then such Award may be terminated by the Company without payment), or (iii) the replacement of such Award with other rights or property selected by the Committee in its sole discretion or the assumption of or substitution of such Award by the successor or surviving corporation, or a Parent or Subsidiary thereof, with appropriate adjustments as to the number and kind of Shares and prices, or (iv) payment of such Award in cash based on the value of Shares on the date of the Corporate Transaction plus reasonable interest on the Award through the date as determined by the Committee when such Award would otherwise be vested or have been paid in accordance with its original terms, if necessary to comply with Section 409A of the Code.

 

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9.3. Outstanding Awards – Other Changes. In the event of any other change in the capitalization of the Company or corporate change other than those specifically referred to in this Article 9, the Committee may, in its absolute discretion, make such adjustments in the number and class of shares subject to Awards outstanding on the date on which such change occurs and in the per share grant or exercise price of each Award as the Committee may consider appropriate to prevent dilution or enlargement of rights.

 

9.4. No Other Rights. Except as expressly provided in the Plan, no Participant shall have any rights by reason of any subdivision or consolidation of Shares of any class, the payment of any dividend, any increase or decrease in the number of shares of any class or any dissolution, liquidation, merger, or consolidation of the Company or any other corporation. Except as expressly provided in the Plan or pursuant to action of the Committee under the Plan, and no issuance by the Company of shares of any class, or securities convertible into shares of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number of Shares subject to an Award or the grant or exercise price of any Award.

 

ARTICLE 10.
ADMINISTRATION

 

10.1. Committee. The Plan shall be administered by the Board or a committee of one or more members of the Board (the “Committee”) to whom the Board shall delegate the authority to grant or amend Awards to Participants other than any of the Committee members, Independent Directors and executive officers of the Company. Reference to the Committee shall refer to the Board in absence of the Committee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the full Board, acting by majority of its members in office, shall conduct the general administration of the Plan if required by Applicable Laws, and with respect to Awards granted to the Committee members, Independent Directors and executive officers of the Company and for purposes of such Awards the term “Committee” as used in the Plan shall be deemed to refer to the Board.

 

10.2. Action by the Committee. A majority of the Committee shall constitute a quorum. The acts of a majority of the members present at any meeting at which a quorum is present, and acts approved unanimously in writing all members of the Committee in lieu of a meeting, shall be deemed the acts of the Committee. Each member of the Committee is entitled to, in good faith, rely or act upon any report or other information furnished to that member by any officer or other employee of a Group Entity, the Company’s independent certified public accountants, or any executive compensation consultant or other professional retained by the Company to assist in the administration of the Plan.

 

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10.3. Authority of the Committee. Subject to any specific designation in the Plan, the Committee has the exclusive power, authority and discretion to:

 

(a) designate Participants to receive Awards;

 

(b) determine the type or types of Awards to be granted to each Participant;

 

(c) determine the number of Awards to be granted and the number of Shares to which an Award will relate;

 

(d) determine the terms and conditions of any Award granted pursuant to the Plan, including, but not limited to, the exercise price, grant price, or purchase price, any restrictions or limitations on the Award, any schedule for lapse of forfeiture restrictions or restrictions on the exercisability of an Award, and accelerations or waivers thereof, and any provisions related to non-competition and recapture of gain on an Award, based in each case on such considerations as the Committee in its sole discretion determines;

 

(e) determine whether, to what extent, and pursuant to what circumstances an Award may be settled in, or the exercise price of an Award may be paid in, cash, Shares, other Awards, or other property, or an Award may be canceled, forfeited, or surrendered;

 

(f) prescribe the form of each Award Agreement, which need not be identical for each Participant;

 

(g) decide all other matters that must be determined in connection with an Award;

 

(h) establish, adopt, or revise any rules and regulations as it may deem necessary or advisable to administer the Plan;

 

(i) (i) interpret the terms of, and any matter arising pursuant to, the Plan or any Award Agreement;

 

(j) amend terms and conditions of Award Agreements; and

 

(k) make all other decisions and determinations that may be required pursuant to the Plan or as the Committee deems necessary or advisable to administer the Plan, including design and adopt from time to time new types of Awards that are in compliance with Applicable Laws.

 

10.4. Decisions Binding. The Committee’s interpretation of the Plan, any Awards granted pursuant to the Plan, any Award Agreement and all decisions and determinations by the Committee with respect to the Plan are final, binding, and conclusive on all parties.

 

ARTICLE 11.
EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATE

 

11.1. Effective Date. The Plan shall become effective as of the date on which the Board adopts the Plan (the “Effective Date”).

 

11.2. Expiration Date. The Plan will expire on, and no Award may be granted pursuant to the Plan after, the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date. Any Awards that are outstanding on the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date shall remain in force according to the terms of the Plan and the applicable Award Agreement.

 

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ARTICLE 12.
AMENDMENT, MODIFICATION, AND TERMINATION

 

12.1. Amendment, Modification, and Termination. At any time and from time to time, the Board may terminate, amend or modify the Plan; provided, however, that (a) to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with Applicable Laws or stock exchange rules, the Company shall obtain shareholder approval of any Plan amendment in such a manner and to such a degree as required, unless the Company decides to follow home country practice, and (b) unless the Company decides to follow home country practice, shareholder approval is required for any amendment to the Plan that (i) increases the number of Shares available under the Plan (other than any adjustment as provided by Article 9), or (ii) permits the Committee to extend the term of the Plan or the exercise period for an Option beyond ten years from the date of grant.

 

12.2. Awards Previously Granted. Except with respect to amendments made pursuant to Section 12.1, no termination, amendment, or modification of the Plan shall adversely affect in any material way any Award previously granted pursuant to the Plan without the prior written consent of the Participant.

 

ARTICLE 13.
GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

13.1. No Rights to Awards. No Participant, employee, or other person shall have any claim to be granted any Award pursuant to the Plan, and neither the Company nor the Committee is obligated to treat Participants, employees, and other persons uniformly.

 

13.2. No Shareholders Rights. No Award gives the Participant any of the rights of a shareholder of the Company unless and until Shares are in fact issued to such person in connection with such Award.

 

13.3. Taxes. No Shares shall be delivered under the Plan to any Participant until such Participant has made arrangements acceptable to the Committee for the satisfaction of any income and employment tax withholding obligations under Applicable Laws. The Company or any Subsidiary shall have the authority and the right to deduct or withhold, or require a Participant to remit to the Company, an amount sufficient to satisfy all applicable taxes (including the Participant’s payroll tax obligations) required or permitted by Applicable Laws to be withheld with respect to any taxable event concerning a Participant arising as a result of this Plan. The Committee may in its discretion and in satisfaction of the foregoing requirement allow a Participant to elect to have the Company withhold Shares otherwise issuable under an Award (or allow the return of Shares) having a Fair Market Value equal to the sums required to be withheld. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan, the number of Shares which may be withheld with respect to the issuance, vesting, exercise or payment of any Award (or which may be repurchased from the Participant of such Award after such Shares were acquired by the Participant from the Company) in order to satisfy any income and payroll tax liabilities applicable to the Participant with respect to the issuance, vesting, exercise or payment of the Award shall, unless specifically approved by the Committee, be limited to the number of Shares which have a Fair Market Value on the date of withholding or repurchase equal to the aggregate amount of such liabilities based on the minimum statutory withholding rates for the applicable income and payroll tax purposes that are applicable to such supplemental taxable income.

 

13.4. No Right to Employment or Services. Nothing in the Plan or any Award Agreement shall interfere with or limit in any way the right of the Service Recipient to terminate any Participant’s employment or services at any time, nor confer upon any Participant any right to continue in the employment or services of any Service Recipient.

 

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13.5. Unfunded Status of Awards. The Plan is intended to be an “unfunded” plan for incentive compensation. With respect to any payments not yet made to a Participant pursuant to an Award, nothing contained in the Plan or any Award Agreement shall give the Participant any rights that are greater than those of a general creditor of the relevant Group Entity.

 

13.6. Indemnification. To the extent allowable pursuant to Applicable Laws, each member of the Committee or of the Board shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Company from any loss, cost, liability, or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by such member in connection with or resulting from any claim, action, suit, or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action or failure to act pursuant to the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in satisfaction of judgment in such action, suit, or proceeding against him or her; provided he or she gives the Company an opportunity, at its own expense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall not be exclusive of any other rights of indemnification to which such persons may be entitled pursuant to the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.

 

13.7. Relationship to Other Benefits. No payment pursuant to the Plan shall be taken into account in determining any benefits pursuant to any pension, retirement, savings, profit sharing, group insurance, welfare or other benefit plan of any Group Entity except to the extent otherwise expressly provided in writing in such other plan or an agreement thereunder.

 

13.8. Expenses. The expenses of administering the Plan shall be borne by the Group Entities.

 

13.9. Titles and Headings. The titles and headings of the Sections in the Plan are for convenience of reference only and, in the event of any conflict, the text of the Plan, rather than such titles or headings, shall control.

 

13.10. Fractional Shares. No fractional Shares shall be issued and the Committee shall determine, in its discretion, whether cash shall be given in lieu of fractional Shares or whether such fractional Shares shall be eliminated by rounding up or down as appropriate.

 

13.11. Limitations Applicable to Section 16 Persons. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Plan, and any Award granted or awarded to any Participant who is then subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, shall be subject to any additional limitations set forth in any applicable exemptive rule under Section 16 of the Exchange Act (including any amendment to Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act) that are requirements for the application of such exemptive rule. To the extent permitted by the Applicable Laws, the Plan and Awards granted or awarded hereunder shall be deemed amended to the extent necessary to conform to such applicable exemptive rule.

 

13.12. Government and Other Regulations. The obligation of the Company to make payment of awards in Shares or otherwise shall be subject to all Applicable Laws, and to such approvals by government agencies as may be required. The Company shall be under no obligation to register any of the Shares paid pursuant to the Plan under the Securities Act or any other similar law in any applicable jurisdiction. If the Shares paid pursuant to the Plan may in certain circumstances be exempt from registration pursuant to the Securities Act or other Applicable Laws, the Company may restrict the transfer of such Shares in such manner as it deems advisable to ensure the availability of any such exemption.

 

16

 

 

13.13. Governing Law. The Plan and all Award Agreements shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the Cayman Islands.

 

13.14. Section 409A. To the extent that the Committee determines that any Award granted under the Plan is or may become subject to Section 409A of the Code, the Award Agreement evidencing such Award shall incorporate the terms and conditions required by Section 409A of the Code. To the extent applicable, the Plan and the Award Agreements shall be interpreted in accordance with Section 409A of the Code and the U.S. Department of Treasury regulations and other interpretative guidance issued thereunder, including without limitation any such regulation or other guidance that may be issued after the Effective Date. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in the event that following the Effective Date the Committee determines that any Award may be subject to Section 409A of the Code and related Department of Treasury guidance (including such Department of Treasury guidance as may be issued after the Effective Date), the Committee may adopt such amendments to the Plan and the applicable Award agreement or adopt other policies and procedures (including amendments, policies and procedures with retroactive effect), or take any other actions, that the Committee determines are necessary or appropriate to (a) exempt the Award from Section 409A of the Code and/or preserve the intended tax treatment of the benefits provided with respect to the Award, or (b) comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code and related U.S. Department of Treasury guidance.

 

13.15. Appendices. Subject to Section 12.1, the Committee may approve such supplements, amendments or appendices to the Plan as it may consider necessary or appropriate for purposes of compliance with Applicable Laws or otherwise and such supplements, amendments or appendices shall be considered a part of the Plan; provided, however, that no such supplements shall increase the share limitation contained in Section 3.1 of the Plan without the approval of the Board.

 

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Exhibit 23.1

 

Assentsure PAC
UEN – 201816648N

180B Bencoolen Street #03-01

The Bencoolen Singapore 189648
http://www.assentsure.com.sg

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

We hereby consent to the incorporation of our report dated May 28, 2025 in the Registration Statement on Form F-1, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2024 and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

 

/s/ Assentsure PAC

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.

Singapore

May 28, 2025

PCAOB ID Number 6783

 

 

 

 

Exhibit 107

 

Calculation of Filling Fee Table

F-1

(Form Type)

 

ChowChow Cloud International Holdings Limited

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)

Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities

 

   Security Type   Security Class Title  Fee Calculation or Carry Forward Rule  Amount Registered   Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit  

 

Maximum Aggregate Offering Price

  Fee Rate   Amount of Registration Fee 
Fees to be Paid  Equity   Ordinary Shares, par value $0.0001 per share (1)(2)(3)   457(o)   2,990,000   $4.50    $   13,455,000    $153.10 per $1,000,000   $2059.96 
   Equity   Representative’s Warrants   457(g)   -    -       -    -      
   Equity   Ordinary Shares underlying Representative’s Warrants (4) (5)   457(g)   149,500   $4.95    $   740,025    $153.10 per $1,000,000   $113.30 
Fees Previously Paid  -   -   -   -    -       -    -   $- 
Carry Forward Securities  -   -   -   -    -       -    -    - 
       Total Offering Amounts                14,195,025        $2,173.26 
       Total Fees Previously Paid                         $- 
       Total Fee Offsets                          - 
       Net Fee Due                         $2,173.26 

 

  (1) Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act, the Registrant is also registering an indeterminate number of additional ordinary shares that shall be issuable pursuant to Rule 416 to prevent dilution resulting from share splits, share dividends or similar transactions.
  (2) Includes additional Ordinary Shares (up to 15% of the ordinary shares offered to the public) that the Underwriter has the option to purchase to cover over-allotments, if any.
  (3) Estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act.
  (4) Represents Ordinary Shares underlying warrants issuable to the Representative of several underwriters to purchase up to an aggregate of 5% of the Ordinary Shares sold in the offering at an exercise price equal to 110% of the public offering price.
  (5) In accordance with Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act, because the Registrant’s Ordinary Shares underlying the Representative’s warrants are registered hereby, no separate registration fee is required with respect to the warrants registered hereby.