NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 — Nature of business and organization
FGI Industries Ltd. (“FGI” or the “Company”) is a holding company organized on May 26, 2021, under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Company has no substantive operations other than holding all of the outstanding equity of its operating subsidiaries as described below. The Company is a supplier of global kitchen and bath products and currently focuses on the following categories: sanitaryware (primarily toilets, sinks, pedestals and toilet seats), bath furniture (vanities, mirrors and cabinets), shower systems, customer kitchen cabinetry and other accessory items. These products are sold primarily for repair and remodeling (“R&R”) activity and, to a lesser extent, new home or commercial construction. The Company sells its products through numerous partners, including mass retail centers, wholesale and commercial distributors, online retailers and independent dealers and distributors.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of FGI and each of the following entities as described below:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name | | Background | | Ownership |
FGI Industries Inc.
(“FGI Industries”, formerly named Foremost Groups, Inc.) | | •A New Jersey corporation •Incorporated on January 5, 1988 •Sales and distribution in the United States | | 100% owned by FGI |
FGI Europe Investment Limited
(“FGI Europe”) | | •A British Virgin Islands holding company •Incorporated on January 1, 2007 | | 100% owned by FGI |
FGI International, Limited
(“FGI HK”) | | •A Hong Kong company •Incorporated on June 2, 2021 •Sales, sourcing and product development | | 100% owned by FGI |
FGI Canada Ltd.
(“FGI Canada”) | | •A Canadian company •Incorporated on October 17, 1997 •Sales and distribution in Canada | | 100% owned by FGI Industries Inc. |
FGI Germany GmbH & Co. KG
(“FGI Germany”) | | •A German company •Incorporated on January 24, 2013 •Sales and distribution in Germany | | 100% owned by FGI Europe Investment Limited |
FGI China, Ltd.
(“FGI China”) | | •A PRC limited liability company •Incorporated on August 19, 2021 •Sourcing and product development | | 100% owned by FGI International, Limited |
FGI United Kingdom Ltd
(“FGI UK”) | | •An UK company •Incorporated on December 10, 2021 •Sales and distribution in UK | | 100% owned by FGI Europe Investment Limited |
FGI Australasia Pty Ltd
(“FGI AU”) | | •An Australian company •Incorporated on September 8, 2022 •Sales and distribution in Australia | | 100% owned by FGI |
Covered Bridge Cabinetry Manufacturing Co., Ltd
(“CBM”) | | •A Cambodian company •Incorporated on April 21, 2022 •Manufacturing in Cambodia | | 100% owned by FGI |
Isla Porter LLC
(“Isla Porter”) | | •A New Jersey company •Formed on June 2, 2023 •Sales and distribution in the United States | | 60% owned by FGI Industries Inc. |
FGI Industries India Private Limited
(“FGI India”) | | •An Indian company •Incorporated on June 11, 2024 •Sales and distribution in India | | 100% owned by FGI |
Note 2 — Summary of significant accounting policies
Liquidity
The Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Company will continue to operate in the normal course of business and will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities as they become due. However, substantial doubt exists about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The Company has incurred net loss of $2.2 million and $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, respectively. In addition, the Company had net cash provided by operating activities of $0.2 million and net cash used in operating activities of $7.4 million for the same respective periods. As of June 30, 2025, the Company had approximately $2.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and had $12.6 million outstanding under its credit facilities, which were used primarily for working capital purposes.
As discussed in Note 8, the Company was not in compliance with certain financial covenants related to its debt coverage ratio as of June 30, 2025. The Company is in discussions with its lenders regarding these covenant breaches.
Additionally, the Company has been facing adverse impacts from elevated tariff costs on imported goods. These increased costs have put pressure on gross margins and have contributed to the overall liquidity challenges.
In response to the conditions that gave rise to the substantial doubt, the Company implemented a number of actions, including:
•Termination of the lease for one of its warehouse facilities in the first quarter of 2025, which resulted in a non-recurring lease exit cost. The facility had idle capacity, and the termination reduced the Company’s ongoing fixed overhead expenses.
•Execution of cost control initiatives across multiple operating departments, targeting to lower recurring operating expenses.
•Commercial launch and promotion of new product lines, including anti-overflow toilets, shower systems, and custom kitchen cabinetry, which began generating increased revenue lately.
•In the event of a requirement for immediate loan repayment, the Company has sufficient accounts receivable available for factoring to meet such obligations.
As a result of these actions, the Company expects to improve its liquidity and reduce its cost structure. The Company’s management is of the opinion that it has sufficient funds to meet the Company’s working capital requirements and debt obligations as they become due over the next twelve (12) months.
Basis of presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commissions (the “SEC”), regarding financial reporting, and include all normal and recurring adjustments that management of the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of its financial position and operation results. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.
Principles of consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated upon consolidation.
Subsidiaries are those entities which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power; or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at a meeting of directors.
Use of estimates and assumptions
The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include the useful lives of property and equipment, allowance for credit losses, inventory reserve, accrued defective return, provision for contingent liabilities, revenue recognition, deferred taxes and uncertain tax position. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Foreign currency translation and transaction
The functional currencies of the Company and its subsidiaries are the local currency of the country in which the subsidiaries operate, except for FGI International, which is incorporated in Hong Kong and adopted the United States Dollar (“U.S. Dollar” or “USD”) as its functional currency. The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. Dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are translated at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. The equity denominated in the functional currencies is translated at the historical rates of exchange at the time of capital contributions. The results of operations and the cash flows denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the average rates of exchange during the reporting period. Because cash flows are translated based on the average translation rates, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
For the purpose of presenting the financial statements of subsidiaries using the Renminbi (“RMB”) as their functional currency, the Company’s assets and liabilities are expressed in U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, which was 7.1620 and 7.3094 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; shareholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate during the period.
For the purpose of presenting the financial statements of the subsidiary using the Canadian Dollar (“CAD”) as its functional currency, the Company’s assets and liabilities are expressed in U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, which was 1.3841 and 1.4384 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; shareholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate during the period.
For the purpose of presenting the financial statements of the subsidiary using the Euro (“EUR”) as its functional currency, the Company’s assets and liabilities are expressed in U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, which was 0.8530 and 0.9600 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; shareholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate during the period.
For the purpose of presenting the financial statements of the subsidiary using the Indian Rupee (“INR”) as its functional currency, the Company’s assets and liabilities are expressed in U.S. Dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, which was 85.4121 and 85.4912 as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; shareholders’ equity accounts are translated at historical rates, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rate during the period.
Cash
Cash consists of cash on hand and demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions that have original maturities of three months or less. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivables include trade accounts due from customers. In establishing the required allowance for expected credit losses, management considers historical collection experience, aging of the receivables, the economic environment, industry trend analysis, and the credit history and financial conditions of the customers. Management reviews its
receivables on a regular basis to determine if the expected credit losses are adequate and adjusts the allowance when necessary. Delinquent account balances are written off against allowance for credit losses after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is not probable.
Inventories, net
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost consists of purchase price and related shipping and handling expenses, and is determined using the weighted average cost method, based on individual products. The methods of determining inventory costs are used consistently from year to year. A provision for slow-moving items is calculated based on historical experience. Management reviews this provision quarterly to assess whether, based on economic conditions, it is adequate.
Prepayments
Prepayments are cash deposited or advanced to suppliers for the purchase of goods or services that have not been received or provided. This amount is refundable and bears no interest. Prepayments and deposits are classified as either current or non-current based on the terms of the respective agreements. These advances are unsecured and are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired.
Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment are stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation and impairment. Depreciation is provided over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line method from the time the assets are placed in service. Upon retirement or disposal, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Maintenance and repair costs are charged against earnings as incurred. Estimated useful lives are as follows:
| | | | | |
| Useful Life |
| Building | 20 years |
| Leasehold Improvements | Lesser of lease term and expected useful life |
| Machinery and equipment | 3 – 5 years |
| Furniture and fixtures | 3 – 5 years |
| Vehicles | 5 years |
| Molds | 3 – 5 years |
Intangible assets, net
The Company’s intangible assets with definite useful lives primarily consist of software acquired for internal use. The Company amortizes its intangible assets with definite useful lives over their estimated useful lives and reviews these assets for impairment. The Company typically amortizes its intangible assets with definite useful lives on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of three to ten years.
Impairment for long-lived assets
Long-lived assets, including property and equipment and intangible assets with definite useful lives, are reviewed for impairment whenever material events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset group may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of an asset group based on the undiscounted future cash flows the asset group is expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset group plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset group, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset group. If an impairment is identified, the Company would reduce the carrying amount of the asset group to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flows approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no impairment of long-lived assets was recognized.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets, net (“ROU assets”), operating lease liabilities — current and operating lease liabilities — noncurrent on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the duration of the lease term while lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments in exchange for the right to use an underlying asset. ROU assets and lease liabilities are measured based on the present value of fixed lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to the commencement date and initial direct costs incurred, and is reduced by any lease incentives received. The Company reviews its ROU assets as material events occur or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount of the ROU assets are not recoverable and exceed their fair values. If the carrying amount of an ROU asset is not recoverable from its undiscounted cash flows, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying amount and the current fair value.
As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate on the commencement date of the lease as the discount rate in determining the present value of future lease payments. The Company determines the incremental borrowing rate for each lease by using the incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when there are relevant economic incentives present that make it reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company accounts for any non- lease components separately from lease components.
Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Fair Value Measurement
The accounting standard regarding fair value of financial instruments and related fair value measurements defines financial instruments and requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company.
The accounting standards define fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhance disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
•Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
•Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
Financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities are reported in the consolidated balance sheets at face value or cost, which approximate fair value because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rates of interest.
Revenue recognition
The Company recognized revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or performance obligations for services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for the goods or services.
The Company generates revenue from sales of kitchen and bath products, and recognizes revenue as control of its products is transferred to its customers, which is generally at the time of shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual terms with the Company’s customers. The Company’s customers’ payment terms generally range from 15 to 60 days of fulfilling its performance obligations and recognizing revenue.
The Company provides customer programs and incentive offerings, including co-operative marketing arrangements and volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable consideration. The Company includes in revenue variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. This determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale, and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to the Company’s volume- based incentives. This determination is updated on a monthly basis.
Certain product sales include a right of return. The Company estimates future product returns at the time of sale based on historical experience and records a corresponding reduction in accounts receivable.
The Company records receivables related to revenue when it has an unconditional right to invoice and receive payment.
The Company’s disaggregated revenue is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Three Months Ended
June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| USD | | USD | | USD | | USD |
| Revenue by product line | | | | | | | |
| Sanitaryware | $ | 18,082,905 | | | $ | 17,334,714 | | | $ | 38,242,757 | | | $ | 37,852,276 | |
| Bath Furniture | 4,138,223 | | | 4,031,120 | | | 8,238,605 | | | 7,120,331 | |
| Shower System | 5,230,862 | | | 5,889,847 | | | 10,917,179 | | | 11,650,716 | |
| Others | 3,546,270 | | | 2,115,268 | | | 6,812,267 | | | 3,501,145 | |
| Total | $ | 30,998,260 | | | $ | 29,370,949 | | | $ | 64,210,808 | | | $ | 60,124,468 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Total Revenue | | Total Assets |
| For the Three Months Ended
June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended
June 30, | | As of
June 30, | | As of
December 31, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| USD | | USD | | USD | | USD | | USD | | USD |
| Revenue/ total assets by geographic location | | | | | | | | | | | |
| United States | $ | 17,970,861 | | | $ | 18,039,583 | | | $ | 39,139,233 | | | $ | 37,637,488 | | | $ | 47,066,909 | | | $ | 47,935,433 | |
| Canada | 8,768,471 | | | 8,593,329 | | | 16,952,614 | | | 16,474,410 | | | 14,192,927 | | | 15,027,362 | |
| Europe | 3,636,110 | | | 2,659,858 | | | 6,741,104 | | | 5,855,046 | | | 2,112,212 | | | 1,625,994 | |
| Rest of World | 622,818 | | | 78,179 | | | 1,377,857 | | | 157,524 | | | 8,329,636 | | | 10,872,626 | |
| Total | $ | 30,998,260 | | | $ | 29,370,949 | | | $ | 64,210,808 | | | $ | 60,124,468 | | | $ | 71,701,684 | | | $ | 75,461,415 | |
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling and distribution expenses on the accompanying statement of operations. For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, shipping and handling expense was $342,981 and $253,742, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, shipping and handling expense was $699,135 and $500,851, respectively.
Share-based compensation
The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). In accordance with ASC 718, the Company determines whether an award should be classified and accounted for as a liability award or an equity award. All the Company’s share-based awards were classified as equity awards and are recognized in the consolidated financial statements based on their grant date fair values.
The Company has elected to recognize share-based compensation using the straight-line method for all share-based awards granted over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur in accordance with ASC 718. The Company determines the fair value of the stock options granted to employees. The
Black Scholes Model is applied in determining the estimated fair value of the options granted to employees and non-employees. The Company recognized share-based compensation of $124,623 and $208,505 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $200,929 and $328,090 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Income Taxes
Deferred taxes are recognized based on the future tax consequences of the differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The future realization of deferred tax assets depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income in future periods. Possible sources of taxable income include taxable income in carryback periods, the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences recorded as a deferred tax liability, tax-planning strategies that generate future income or gains in excess of anticipated losses in the carryforward period and projected future taxable income.
If, based upon all available evidence, both positive and negative, it is more likely than not (i.e., more than 50 percent likely) that such deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded. Significant weight is given to positive and negative evidence that is objectively verifiable. A company’s three-year cumulative loss position is significant negative evidence in considering whether deferred tax assets are realizable, and the accounting guidance restricts the amount of reliance we can place on projected taxable income to support the recovery of the deferred tax assets.
The current accounting guidance allows the recognition of only those income tax positions that have a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. The Company believes that there is an increased potential for volatility in its effective tax rate because this threshold allows for changes in the income tax environment and, to a greater extent, the inherent complexities of income tax law in a substantial number of jurisdictions, which may affect the computation of its liability for uncertain tax positions.
The Company records interest and penalties on our uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.
As of June 30, 2025, the tax years ended December 31, 2021 through December 31, 2023 for FGI Industries remain open for statutory examination by tax authority.
The Company records the tax effects of Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII) and Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) related to our foreign operations as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the tax arises.
Non-controlling interests
The Company’s non-controlling interests represent the minority shareholders’ ownership interests related to the Company’s subsidiary, including 40% in Isla Porter LLC. The non-controlling interests are presented in the unaudited consolidated balance sheets, separate from equity attributable to the shareholders of the Company. Non-controlling interests in the results of operations of the Company are presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as allocations of the net income or loss for the period between non-controlling shareholders and the shareholders of the Company.
Comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components: net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of equity but are excluded from net income. Other comprehensive income consists of a foreign currency translation adjustment resulting from the Company not using the U.S. Dollar as its functional currencies.
Earnings (loss) per share
The Company computes earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260 – Earnings per Share (“ASC 260”). ASC 260 requires companies to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of the potential ordinary shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Three Months Ended
June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| USD | | USD | | USD | | USD |
| Numerator: | | | | | | | |
| Net (loss) income attributable to FGI Industries Ltd. shareholders | $ | (1,231,524) | | $ | 163,565 | | $ | (1,860,616) | | | $ | (248,624) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Denominator: | | | | | | | |
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding — basic(1) | 1,918,248 | | 1,912,956 | | 1,917,029 | | 1,913,287 |
Potentially dilutive shares from outstanding options/warrants(1) | — | | 26,956 | | — | | — |
Weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding — diluted(1) | 1,918,248 | | 1,939,912 | | 1,917,029 | | 1,913,287 |
| | | | | | | |
Earnings (loss) per share — basic(1) | $ | (0.64) | | $ | 0.09 | | $ | (0.97) | | | $ | (0.13) | |
Earnings (loss) per share — diluted(1) | $ | (0.64) | | $ | 0.08 | | $ | (0.97) | | | $ | (0.13) | |
(1) Giving retroactive effect to the Reverse Share Split of the Preference Shares and Ordinary Shares at a ratio of 1-for-5 that became effective July 31, 2025. See Note 9 “Shareholders' Equity” for details.
Segment reporting
ASC 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major customers in financial statements for detailing the Company’s business segments.
Recently adopted accounting standards
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which requires additional disclosures regarding an entity’s reportable segments, particularly regarding significant segment expenses, as well as information relating to the chief operating decision maker. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has adopted this standard on a retrospective basis since annual periods beginning January 1, 2024. The adoption of this guidance modified our disclosures, but did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Recently issued accounting standards
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires additional income tax disclosures, particularly regarding the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual period beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt this ASU for its annual period beginning January 1, 2025. The adoption of this guidance will modify the Company’s disclosures, but is not expected to have an impact on its financial position or results of operations.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses,” which requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement. ASU 2024-03 is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this ASU for
its annual period beginning January 1, 2027. The adoption of this guidance will modify the Company’s disclosures, but is not expected to have an impact on its financial position or results of operations.
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed above were assessed and determined not to be applicable.
Note 3 — Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of
June 30, 2025 | | As of
December 31, 2024 |
| USD | | USD |
| | | |
| Accounts receivable | $ | 17,015,036 | | | $ | 21,487,303 | |
| Allowance for credit losses | (256,827) | | | (191,821) | |
| Accrued defective return and discount | (1,053,827) | | | (1,001,927) | |
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | 15,704,382 | | | $ | 20,293,555 | |
Movements of allowance for credit losses are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Six Months Ended
June 30, | | For the Year Ended
December 31, |
| 2025 | | 2024 |
| USD | | USD |
| | | |
| Beginning balance | $ | 191,821 | | | $ | 244,879 | |
| Provision | 75,359 | | | 137,592 | |
| Write-off | (10,353) | | | (190,650) | |
| Ending balance | $ | 256,827 | | | $ | 191,821 | |
Movements of accrued defective return and discount accounts are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Six Months Ended
June 30, | | For the Year Ended
December 31, |
| 2025 | | 2024 |
| USD | | USD |
| | | |
| Beginning balance | $ | 1,001,927 | | | $ | 744,284 | |
| Provision (recovery) | 51,900 | | | 257,643 | |
| Ending balance | $ | 1,053,827 | | | $ | 1,001,927 | |
Note 4 — Inventories, net
Inventories, net consisted of finished goods as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Note 5 — Prepayments and other assets
Prepayments and other assets consisted of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of
June 30, 2025 | | As of
December 31, 2024 |
| USD | | USD |
| | | |
| Prepayments | $ | 2,033,719 | | | $ | 1,806,555 | |
| Others | 391,687 | | | 284,852 | |
| Total prepayments and other assets | $ | 2,425,406 | | | $ | 2,091,407 | |
Note 6 — Property and equipment, net
Property and equipment, net consist of the following:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of
June 30, 2025 | | As of
December 31, 2024 |
| USD | | USD |
| | | |
| Building | $ | 946,066 | | | $ | 946,066 | |
| Leasehold Improvements | 2,329,581 | | | 1,919,687 | |
| Machinery and equipment | 3,723,159 | | | 3,549,167 | |
| Furniture and fixtures | 277,268 | | | 274,994 | |
| Vehicles | 147,912 | | | 147,912 | |
| Molds | 26,377 | | | 26,377 | |
| Subtotal | 7,450,363 | | | 6,864,203 | |
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (3,583,803) | | | (3,311,647) | |
| Prepayment for purchase of equipment and construction-in-progress | 13,836 | | | 81,784 | |
| Total | $ | 3,880,396 | | | $ | 3,634,340 | |
Depreciation expenses amounted to $163,931 and $111,568 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 respectively, and $311,218 and $199,439 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Depreciation expenses were included in general and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Note 7 — Leases
The Company has operating leases primarily for corporate offices, warehouses and showrooms. As of June 30, 2025, the Company’s leases have remaining lease terms up to 9.1 years.
During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company terminated the lease agreement related to its warehouse facility in Indiana as part of a strategic decision. As a result of the early termination, the Company derecognized the related right-of-use asset and lease liability associated with the Indiana facility. The lease termination did not result in any significant gain or loss for the period. The Company also entered into two new lease agreements for office and warehouse spaces in Portage, Indiana, with lease terms through January 2032.
For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, total lease expenses were $625,743 and $702,507, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, total lease expenses were $1,296,358 and $1,399,020, respectively.
The table below presents the operating lease related assets and liabilities recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of
June 30, 2025 | | As of
December 31, 2024 |
| USD | | USD |
| | | |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 11,884,613 | | | $ | 12,823,747 | |
| Operating lease liabilities – current | $ | 1,648,147 | | | $ | 1,867,956 | |
| Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent | 10,803,301 | | | 11,352,939 | |
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 12,451,448 | | | $ | 13,220,895 | |
Information relating to the lease term and discount rate are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of
June 30, 2025 | | As of
December 31, 2024 |
| | | |
| Weighted-average remaining lease term | | | |
| Operating leases | 8.9 years | | 8.7 years |
| Weighted-average discount rate | | | |
| Operating leases | 5.8 | % | | 5.7 | % |
As of June 30, 2025, the maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:
| | | | | |
| For the 12 months ending June 30, | |
| 2026 | $ | 2,330,044 | |
| 2027 | 2,337,461 | |
| 2028 | 2,395,388 | |
| 2029 | 2,198,997 | |
| 2030 | 1,165,575 | |
| Thereafter | 5,265,082 | |
| Total lease payments | 15,692,547 | |
| Less: imputed interest | (3,241,099) | |
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 12,451,448 | |
Note 8 — Short-term loans
Bank loan
The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, FGI Industries, has a line of credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with East West Bank, which is collateralized by all assets of FGI Industries and personally guaranteed by Liang Chou Chen, who holds approximately 49.91% of the voting control of Foremost. The current amount of maximum borrowings is $18,000,000 and the Credit Agreement had a maturity date of December 21, 2024. East West Bank has agreed to extend the maturity date to August 21, 2025 while efforts regarding a renewal of the facility are ongoing. This is an assets-based line of credit, the borrowing limit is calculated based on certain percentage of accounts receivable and inventory balances.
Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, FGI Industries is required to maintain (a) a debt coverage ratio (defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization divided by current portion of long-term debt plus interest expense) of not less than 1.25 to 1, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter; (b) an effective tangible net worth (defined as total book net worth plus minority interest, less amounts due from officers, shareholders and affiliates, minus intangible assets and accumulated amortization, plus debt subordinated to East West Bank) of not less than $10,000,000, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter, on a consolidated basis; and (c) a total debt to tangible net worth ratio (defined as total liabilities divided by tangible net worth, which is defined as total book net worth plus minority interest, less loans to officers,
shareholders, and affiliates minus intangible assets and accumulated amortization) not to exceed 4.0 to 1, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter, on a consolidated basis. As of June 30, 2025, FGI Industries was not in compliance with certain financial covenants related to its debt coverage ratio. As of the date of this quarterly report, FGI Industries has requested a waiver from the lender, which is being processed by the lender. In the absence of an executed waiver, the Company has classified the outstanding balance of the loan as a current liability on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2025.
The loan bears interest at rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) 0.25 percentage points less than the Prime Rate quoted by the Wall Street Journal or (ii) the SOFR Rate (as administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited and displayed by Bloomberg LP) plus 2.20% per annum (in either case, subject to a minimum rate of 4.500% per annum). The interest rate as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 was 7.25% and 7.25%, respectively.
Each sum of borrowings under the Credit Agreement is deemed due on demand and is classified as a short-term loan. The outstanding balance of such loan was $9.5 million and $9.6 million as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.
RBC Bank Loan / Foreign Exchange Facility
FGI Canada has a line of credit agreement with Royal Bank of Canada (“RBC”), successor by amalgamation of HSBC Canada (the “Canadian Revolver”). The revolving line of credit with RBC allows for borrowing up to CAD7.5 million (USD5.4 million as of June 30, 2025). This is an assets-based line of credit, the borrowing limit is calculated based on certain percentage of accounts receivable and inventory balances. Pursuant to the Canadian Revolver, FGI Canada Ltd. is required to maintain (a) a debt to tangible net worth ratio of no more than 3.00 to 1.00; and (b) a ratio of current assets to current liabilities of at least 1.25 to 1.00. The loan bears interest at a rate of Prime rate plus 0.50%. As of June 30, 2025, FGI Canada was in compliance with these financial covenants.
Borrowings under this line of credit amounted to $1.2 million and $2.6 million as of June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The facility matures at the discretion of RBC upon 60 days’ notice.
FGI Canada also has a revolving foreign exchange facility with RBC of up to a permitted maximum of USD3.0 million. The advances are available to purchase foreign exchange forward contracts from time to time up to six months, subject to an overall maximum aggregate USD Equivalent outstanding face value not exceeding USD3.0 million.
CTBC Credit Facility
On January 25, 2024, FGI International entered into an omnibus credit line (the “CTBC Credit Line”) with CTBC Bank Co., Ltd. (“CTBC”). Under the CTBC Credit Line, FGI International may borrow, from time to time, up to $2.3 million, with borrowings limited to 90% of FGI International’s export “open account” trade receivables. On January 14, 2025, FGI International and CTBC agreed to increase the CTBC Credit Line to $3.0 million. The CTBC Credit Line will bear interest at a rate of “Base Rate”, which is based on monthly or quarterly Taipei Interbank Offered in effect from time to time, plus 120 base points and handling fees, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties. The CTBC Credit Line is unsecured and is fully guaranteed by the Company and partially guaranteed by Liang Chou Chen. Borrowings under this line of credit amounted to $1.8 million and $2.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
Note 9 — Shareholders’ Equity
FGI was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on May 26, 2021. The Company’s authorized share capital was $21,000 divided into (i) 200,000,000 Ordinary Shares of par value of $0.0001 each, and (ii) 10,000,000 Preference Shares of par value of $0.0001 each.
On July 28, 2025, the Company filed an amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association with the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands to effect a 1-for-5 reverse share split (the “Reverse Share Split”) of the Company’s ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share (“Ordinary Shares”). Pursuant to the Amendment, effective as of 12:01 a.m., Eastern Time, on July 31, 2025 (the “Effective Time”), every 5 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, including Ordinary Shares held by the Company as treasury shares, was automatically combined into one Ordinary Share. As a result of the Reverse Share Split, the number of authorized Ordinary Shares was decreased to 40 million and the par value of the Company’s Ordinary Shares went from $0.0001 per share to $0.0005 per share. The Reverse Share Split affected all record holders of the Ordinary Shares uniformly and did not affect any record holder’s percentage ownership interest in the Company, except for de minimis changes as a result of the elimination of fractional shares.
Proportional adjustments were made to the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise, conversion or
vesting of the Company’s equity awards and warrants, as well as the applicable exercise price.
As of the date of this report, equity-classified warrants exercisable for 575,000 shares were issued and outstanding; and none of the warrants have been exercised.
Note 10 — Share-based compensation
2021 Equity Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On October 7, 2021, the board of directors adopted the 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Equity Plan”). The 2021 Equity Plan permits the grant of equity and equity-based incentive awards, including non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, stock unit awards and other stock-based awards. The purpose of the 2021 Equity Plan is to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of responsibility within the Company, to provide additional incentives to them to align their interests with those of the Company’s shareholders and to thereby promote the Company’s long-term business success.
On October 7, 2021, the board approved the adoption of the FGI Industries Ltd. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP was approved by the Company’s shareholders on October 7, 2021, and became effective on the effective date of the Company’s consummation of the IPO of its ordinary shares. The ESPP offers eligible employees the opportunity to acquire a stock ownership interest in the Company through periodic payroll deductions that will be applied towards the purchase of ordinary shares at a discount from the then-current market price.
The board set the maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares reserved and available pursuant to the 2021 Equity Plan at 1,500,000 shares. The number of ordinary shares reserved for issuance under our 2021 Equity Plan will automatically increase on the first day of each year, commencing on January 1, 2022 and ending on (and including) January 1, 2031, in an amount equal to the lesser of (a) 4.5% of the total number of ordinary shares outstanding on December 31 of the immediately preceding calendar year, (b) 600,000 ordinary shares, or (c) such lesser number of shares as determined by the Board. The Equity Plan became effective on September 28, 2021.
The Company believes the options or awards granted contain an explicit service condition and/or performance condition. Under ASC 718-10-55-76, if the vesting (or exercisability) of an award is based on the satisfaction of both a service and performance condition, the entity must initially determine which outcomes are probable and recognize the compensation cost over the longer of the explicit or implicit service period.
The following table summarizes the Company's share option and RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Share Options | | RSUs |
| Number of
Options | | Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price | | Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair
Value | | Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term | | Average
Intrinsic
Value | | Number of RSUs | | Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair
Value |
| | | USD | | USD | | Years | | USD | | | | USD |
| Beginning of period | 234,283 | | $ | 9.10 | | | $ | 4.81 | | | | | | | 117,912 | | $ | 13.53 | |
| Granted | 208,640 | | $ | 3.79 | | | $ | 2.75 | | | | | | | 166,766 | | $ | 4.05 | |
| Canceled | (105,927) | | $ | 7.50 | | | $ | 4.22 | | | | | | | — | | |
| Exercised or released | — | | | | | | | | | | (12,444) | | $ | 19.40 | |
| End of period | 336,996 | | $ | 6.32 | | | $ | 3.72 | | | 8.89 | | $ | 26,037 | | | 272,234 | | $ | 8.34 | |
| Vested and exercisable | 502,264 | | $ | 11.32 | | | $ | 5.60 | | | 7.22 | | $ | — | | | | | |
The table above gives retroactive effect to the Reverse Share Split of the Preference Shares and Ordinary Shares at a ratio of 1-for-5 that became effective July 31, 2025. See Note 9 “Shareholders' Equity” for details.
For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the total fair value of options awarded was $572,745 and $573,163, respectively.
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the difference between the exercise price of the awards and the fair value of the underlying Ordinary Shares at each reporting date, for those awards that had exercise price below the estimated fair value of the relevant Ordinary Shares.
Fair value of options
The Company used the Black-Scholes simplified method for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. The assumptions used to value the options granted to employees were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| April 2025 | | March 2025 | | April 2024 | | March 2024 |
| | | | | | | |
| Risk-free interest rate (%) | 4.24 | | | 4.05 | | | 4.54 | | | 4.21 | |
| Expected volatility range (%) | 83.92 | | | 82.15 | | | 55.32 | | | 55.11 | |
| Fair market value per ordinary share as at grant dates | $ | 2.45 | | | $ | 4.05 | | | $ | 6.60 | | | $ | 7.50 | |
The table above gives retroactive effect to the Reverse Share Split of the Preference Shares and Ordinary Shares at a ratio of 1-for-5 that became effective July 31, 2025. See Note 9 “Shareholders' Equity” for details.
The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the options is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for a term consistent with the contractual term of the awards. Expected volatility is estimated based on the volatility of ordinary shares of the Company. The expected exercise multiple is based on management’s estimation, which the Company believes is representative of the future.
The Company has elected to recognize share-based compensation expense using a straight-line method for all the employee equity awards granted with graded vesting based on service conditions, provided that the amount of compensation cost recognized at any date is at least equal to the portion of the grant date fair value of the equity awards that are vested at that date.
The following table sets forth the amount of share-based compensation expense included in each of the relevant financial statement line items:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Three Months Ended
June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| USD | | USD | | USD | | USD |
| Selling and distribution expenses | $ | 23,701 | | | $ | 42,667 | | | $ | 53,455 | | | $ | 73,916 | |
| General and administrative expenses | 100,922 | | | 165,838 | | | 147,474 | | | 254,174 | |
| Total share-based compensation expenses | $ | 124,623 | | | $ | 208,505 | | | $ | 200,929 | | | $ | 328,090 | |
As of June 30, 2025, there was $1,262,432 in total unrecognized employee share-based compensation expense related to unvested options and RSUs, which may be adjusted for actual forfeitures occurring in the future. Total unrecognized compensation cost may be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.03 years.
Note 11 — Income taxes
The source of pre-tax income and the components of income tax expense are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Three Months Ended
June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| USD | | USD | | USD | | USD |
| Income components | | | | | | | |
| United States | $ | (1,613,023) | | | $ | (1,200,966) | | | $ | (3,431,942) | | | $ | (1,840,931) | |
| Outside United States | 33,982 | | | 879,136 | | | 297,814 | | | 1,003,531 | |
| Total pre-tax loss | $ | (1,579,041) | | | $ | (321,830) | | | $ | (3,134,128) | | | $ | (837,400) | |
| Provision for (benefit of) income taxes | | | | | | | |
| Current | | | | | | | |
| Federal | $ | — | | | $ | 34,488 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 538 | |
| State | 9,544 | | | 12,554 | | | 11,632 | | | 8,425 | |
| Foreign | 19,795 | | | 220,834 | | | 36,875 | | | 329,745 | |
| 29,339 | | | 267,876 | | | 48,507 | | | 338,708 | |
| Deferred | | | | | | | |
| Federal | (178,291) | | | (379,397) | | | (786,436) | | | (417,347) | |
| State | (65,624) | | | (42,821) | | | (216,177) | | | (53,414) | |
| Foreign | — | | | (144,073) | | | — | | | (144,073) | |
| (243,915) | | | (566,291) | | | (1,002,613) | | | (614,834) | |
| Total benefit of income taxes | $ | (214,576) | | | $ | (298,415) | | | $ | (954,106) | | | $ | (276,126) | |
Reconciliations between taxes at the U.S. federal income tax rate and taxes at the Company’s effective income tax rate on earnings before income taxes are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| For the Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| 2025 | | 2024 |
| % | | % |
| Federal statutory rate | 21.0 | | | 21.0 | |
| Increase (decrease) in tax rate resulting from: | | | |
| State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit | 5.2 | | | 4.3 | |
| Foreign operations | 1.0 | | | (1.6) | |
| Permanent items | (0.4) | | | (10.6) | |
| Deferred adjustments | 5.4 | | | 17.9 | |
| Others | (1.8) | | | 2.0 | |
| Effective tax rate | 30.4 | | | 33.0 | |
The following is a summary of the components of the net deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| As of
June 30, 2025 | | As of
December 31, 2024 |
| USD | | USD |
| | | |
| Deferred tax assets | | | |
| Allowance for credit losses | $ | 59,522 | | | $ | 45,859 | |
| Other reserve | 114,198 | | | 127,515 | |
| Accrued expenses | 183,280 | | | 152,600 | |
| Lease liability | 1,271,517 | | | 1,464,256 | |
| Charitable contributions | 523 | | | 331 | |
| Business interest limitation | 783,678 | | | 634,794 | |
| Net operating loss – federal | 1,677,197 | | | 976,500 | |
| Net operating loss – state | 476,007 | | | 328,861 | |
| Other | 140,850 | | | 186,554 | |
| Total deferred tax assets | 4,706,772 | | | 3,917,270 | |
| Less: valuation allowance | — | | | — | |
| Net deferred tax assets | 4,706,772 | | | 3,917,270 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | | | |
| Fixed assets | 1,247,413 | | | 1,416,178 | |
| Intangibles | (208,839) | | | (164,493) | |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | 1,038,574 | | | 1,251,685 | |
| Deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities | $ | 3,668,198 | | | $ | 2,665,585 | |
The deferred tax assets related to the Company’s net operating losses of $15,771,679 (Federal $7,986,647 and States $7,785,032) and $10,056,026 (Federal $4,649,994 and States $5,406,032) as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Federal Net Operating losses have no expiration date. The States Net Operating losses have either 20 years or no expiration date. The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefits at June 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024. The Company has not taken any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase within the next 12 months.
On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed into law the legislation commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”). The OBBBA includes various provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on its consolidated financial statements and will recognize the income tax effects, if any, in the consolidated financial statements beginning in the three-month period ending September 30, 2025.
Note 12 — Related party transactions and balances
Sales to a related party
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name of Related Party | | Relationship | | Nature of
Transactions | | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| | | | | | USD | | USD | | USD | | USD |
| Foremost Worldwide Co., Ltd. | | An entity under common control | | Sales | | $ | 624,675 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,360,236 | | $ | — |
| | | | | | $ | 624,675 | | $ | — | | $ | 1,360,236 | | $ | — |
Purchases from related parties
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name of Related Party | | Relationship | | Nature of
Transactions | | For the Three Months Ended June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| | | | | | USD | | USD | | USD | | USD |
| Focal Capital Holding Limited | | An entity under common control | | Purchases | | $ | 1,846,438 | | | $ | 1,177,582 | | | $ | 3,349,172 | | | $ | 2,754,804 | |
| Foremost Worldwide Co., Ltd. | | An entity under common control | | Purchases | | 1,310,711 | | | 2,401,118 | | | 2,654,821 | | | 3,954,057 | |
| Rizhao Foremost Woodwork Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | | An entity under common control | | Purchases | | 55,185 | | | 7,045 | | | 204,807 | | | 24,069 | |
| F.P.Z. Furniture (Cambodia) Co., Ltd. | | An entity under common control | | Purchases | | 11,759 | | | — | | | 11,759 | | | — | |
| | | | | | $ | 3,224,093 | | | $ | 3,585,745 | | | $ | 6,220,559 | | | $ | 6,732,930 | |
The ending balances of such transactions as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are listed of the following:
Prepayments — related parties
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name of Related Party | | As of
June 30,
2025 | | As of
December 31,
2024 |
| | USD | | USD |
| | | | |
| Focal Capital Holding Limited | | $ | 6,617,816 | | | $ | 9,975,298 | |
| Foremost Worldwide Co., Ltd. | | 6,485,000 | | | — | |
| | $ | 13,102,816 | | | $ | 9,975,298 | |
Accounts Payables — related parties
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name of Related Party | | As of
June 30,
2025 | | As of
December 31,
2024 |
| | USD | | USD |
| | | | |
| Foremost Worldwide Co., Ltd. | | $ | — | | $ | 718,605 |
| Rizhao Foremost Woodwork Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | | 83,992 | | 56,389 |
| F.P.Z. Furniture (Cambodia) Co., Ltd. | | 119,666 | | 119,667 |
| | $ | 203,658 | | $ | 894,661 |
Shared Service and Miscellaneous expenses – related party
FGI Industries is party to the FHI Shared Services Agreement with FHI. Total amounts provided to FHI under the FHI Share Services Agreement were $172,573 and $187,050 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $343,536 and $362,962 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which were booked under selling and distribution expenses and administration expenses.
FGI is party to the Worldwide Shared Services Agreement with Foremost Worldwide. Total amounts provided from Foremost Worldwide under the Worldwide Shared Services Agreement were $72,875 and $60,682 for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $133,571 and $134,596 for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Other Receivables (Payables) — related parties
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Name of Related Party | | Relationship | | Nature of
Transactions | | As of
June 30,
2025 | | As of
December 31,
2024 |
| | | | | | USD | | USD |
| | | | | | | | |
| Foremost Home Inc. (“FHI”) | | An entity under common control | | Shared services and Miscellaneous expenses | | 3,205,211 | | | 2,654,286 | |
| Foremost Worldwide Co., Ltd. | | An entity under common control | | Shared services and Miscellaneous expenses | | (85,141) | | | (340,901) | |
| Focal Capital Holding Limited | | An entity under common control | | Miscellaneous expenses | | 9,104 | | | — | |
| F.P.Z. Furniture (Cambodia) Co., Ltd. | | An entity under common control | | Miscellaneous expenses | | (436,312) | | | (291,710) | |
| | | | | | $ | 2,692,862 | | | $ | 2,021,675 | |
Loan guarantee by a related party
Liang Chou Chen holds approximately 49.91% of the voting control of Foremost, the Company’s majority shareholder and is a guarantor of the loans under the Credit Agreement and under the CTBC Credit Line. See Note 8 for details.
Note 13 — Concentrations of risks
Credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation pays compensation up to a limit of USD250,000 if the bank with which a depositor holds its eligible deposit fails. As of June 30, 2025, a cash balance of USD743,667 was maintained at financial institutions in the United States, of which USD477,698 was subject to credit risk. The Taiwan Central Deposit Insurance Corporation pays compensation up to a limit of New Taiwan Dollar 3,000,000 (approximately USD102,389) if the bank with which an individual/a company holds its eligible deposit fails. As of June 30, 2025, an aggregated cash balance of USD1,318,697 was maintained at financial institutions in Taiwan, of which USD1,071,096 was subject to credit risk. As of June 30, 2025, cash balance of USD77,868 was maintained at financial institutions in Kingdom of Cambodia, all of which was subject to credit risk. While management believes that these financial institutions are of high credit quality, it also continually monitors their credit worthiness.
The Company is also exposed to risk from its accounts receivable and other receivables. These assets are subjected to credit evaluations. An allowance has been made for estimated unrecoverable amounts which have been determined by reference to past default experience and the current economic environment.
Customer concentration risk
For the three months ended June 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 13.3% and 12.3% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, two customers accounted for 18.4% and 17.2% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 15.1% and 13.9% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, two customers accounted for 17.8% and 16.3% of the Company’s total revenue, respectively. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
As of June 30, 2025, four customers accounted for 19.2%, 12.0%, 11.4% and 10.9% of the total balance of accounts receivable, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, two customers accounted for 29.4% and 11.4% of the total balance of
accounts receivable, respectively. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Vendor concentration risk
For the three months ended June 30, 2025, Tangshan Huida Ceramic Group Co., Ltd (“Huida”) accounted for 51.0% of the Company’s total purchases, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, Huida and another vendor accounted for 57.0% and 11.9% of the Company’s total purchases, respectively. No other supplier accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
For the six months ended June 30, 2025, Tangshan Huida Ceramic Group Co., Ltd (“Huida”) accounted for 56.5% of the Company’s total purchases. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, Huida accounted for 54.6% of the Company’s total purchases, respectively. No other supplier accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
As of June 30, 2025, Huida accounted for 78.8% of the total balance of accounts payable. As of December 31, 2024, Huida accounted for 69.6% of the total balance of accounts payable. No other supplier accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts payable as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Note 14 — Commitments and contingencies
Litigation
From time to time, the Company is involved in legal and regulatory proceedings that are incidental to the operation of its businesses. These proceedings may seek remedies relating to matters including environmental, tax, intellectual property, acquisitions or divestitures, product liability, property damage, personal injury, privacy, employment, labor and pension, government contract issues and commercial or contractual disputes. Although the ultimate outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, based on present information, including management’s assessment of the merits of the particular claims, the Company does not believe it is reasonably possible that any asserted or unasserted legal claims or proceedings, individually or in aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations or financial condition.
Note 15 — Segment information
The Company follows ASC 280, “Segment Reporting” and adopted ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”. The Company has one reporting segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker has been identified as the chief executive officer, who reviews consolidated results when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company, and hence the Company has only one reportable segment which derives its revenue from the supply of bath and kitchen products.
The accounting policies of the kitchen and bath segment are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The measure of segment net income (loss) is reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income as net income (loss). The measure of segment total assets is reported on the consolidated balance sheets as total assets.
The Company's segment revenue, segment expenses, segment net income (loss), and a reconciliation of the total reportable segment's net income (loss) to the consolidated net income (loss) are as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Kitchen and Bath Segment |
| For the Three Months Ended
June 30, | | For the Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| 2025 | | 2024 | | 2025 | | 2024 |
| USD | | USD | | USD | | USD |
| Revenue | $ | 30,998,260 | | | $ | 29,370,949 | | | $ | 64,210,808 | | | $ | 60,124,468 | |
| Less: | | | | | | | |
| Cost of revenue | 22,291,653 | | | 20,407,647 | | | 46,603,943 | | | 42,747,683 | |
| Selling and distribution expenses | 6,209,728 | | | 6,260,847 | | | 13,372,906 | | | 12,391,733 | |
| General and administrative expenses | 2,844,715 | | | 2,622,020 | | | 5,545,928 | | | 4,904,878 | |
| Research and development expenses | 484,502 | | | 530,797 | | | 801,228 | | | 851,470 | |
Other segment items(1) | 746,703 | | | (128,532) | | | 1,020,931 | | | 66,104 | |
| benefit of income taxes | (214,576) | | | (298,415) | | | (954,106) | | | (276,126) | |
| Segment net loss | (1,364,465) | | | (23,415) | | | (2,180,022) | | | (561,274) | |
| | | | | | | |
| Reconciliation of profit or loss | | | | | | | |
| Adjustments and reconciling items | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | |
| Consolidated net loss | $ | (1,364,465) | | | $ | (23,415) | | | $ | (2,180,022) | | | $ | (561,274) | |
(1) Other segment items included interest income, interest expense and non-recurring other income and expenses.