As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on September 19, 2025.
Registration No. 333-[*]
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM F-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)
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Cayman Islands |
5990 |
Not Applicable |
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(State or other jurisdiction of |
(Primary Standard Industrial |
(I.R.S. Employer |
901, Building C
Phase 2, Wuxi International Life Science Innovation Campus
196 Jinghui East Road
Xinwu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
People’s Republic of China 214000
+86 400 012 7562
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)
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Cogency Global Inc.
122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10168
+1 (212) 947-7200
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
___________________________________
Copies to:
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Kyle Leung, Esq. |
Cavas S. Pavri, Esq. ArentFox Schiff LLP 1717 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 Tel: 202-724-6847 |
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
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† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We will not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
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PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS |
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 19, 2025 |
Up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares
Warrants to purchase up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares
Up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares underlying such Warrants

Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
We are offering on a best-efforts basis of up to (i) 11,428,571 ordinary shares, par value $0.00002 per share (“Ordinary Shares”) and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares (“Warrants”), at an assumed exercise price of $0.42 per share. Each Ordinary Share is sold with one Warrant. We are offering the Ordinary Shares and Warrants at an assumed public offering price of $0.35 per share and accompanying warrants.
Our Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “PHH”. On September 18, 2025, the last reported sale price of our Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq was $0.487 per share.
The actual number of securities and public offering price for the securities in this offering will be determined at the time of pricing and may be at a discount to the current market price at the time. Therefore, the assumed public offering price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the actual offering price. The actual public offering price will be determined through negotiation between us, the Placement Agent (as defined below), and the investors based upon a number of factors, including our history and prospects, the industry in which we operate, our past and present operating results, the previous experience of our executive officers and the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering.
Throughout this prospectus, unless the context indicates otherwise, any references to “Park Ha Cayman” are to Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd., any references to “we”, “us”, “our,” or the “Company” are to Park Ha Cayman, and in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, to Park Ha Cayman and its subsidiaries, any references to “PRC Subsidiaries” are to Park Ha Investment (Wuxi) Co., Ltd. (“WFOE”), Jiangsu Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (“Park Ha Jiangsu”), Shanghai Park Ha Industrial Development Co., Ltd. (“Park Ha Shanghai”), Wuxi Xinzhan Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. (“Xinzhan”), Wuxi Muchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Wuxi Mufeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 12 of this prospectus.
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands with no operations of our own and are not a Chinese operating company. As a result, we conduct all of our operations in China through our PRC Subsidiaries. Park Ha Cayman controls its PRC Subsidiaries through equity ownership and does not use a variable interest entity structure. Due to our corporate structure, there are unique risks to investors. The Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow our corporate structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value of our Ordinary Shares, including that it could cause the value of our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline or become worthless. The securities offered in this offering are shares of the Company, a Cayman Islands holding company and not shares of the PRC Subsidiaries. Investors in this offering will not directly hold equity interests in the PRC Subsidiaries.
We are subject to certain legal and operational risks associated with being based in or having all of our operations in China, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities, or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. The PRC government has initiated a series of regulatory actions and made statements to regulate business operations in China, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. The PRC government may influence our operations as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals, which could result in a material change in our operations.
As of the date of this prospectus, our PRC Subsidiaries have not been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by any PRC regulatory authority, nor has any of them received any inquiry, notice, or sanction. As of the date of this prospectus, in the opinion of our PRC counsel, Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm, we are not subject to cybersecurity review or network data security review by the Cyberspace Administration of China (the “CAC”) under the amended Cybersecurity
Review Measures, which came into effect on February 15, 2022, given that our PRC Subsidiaries are not critical information infrastructure operators (the “CIIOs”) or internet platform operators that possess personal information of more than one million users or engage in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. However, we cannot assure you that the CAC would take the same view as we do to this matter. On February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) promulgated the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Measures”) and five supporting guidelines, which became effective on March 31, 2023. The CSRC published the notification on our completion of the required filing procedures for our initial public offering (“IPO”) on June 1, 2024. The Trial Measures state that, any post-listing follow-on offering by an issuer in the same overseas market, including issuance of shares, convertible notes and other similar securities, shall be subject to filing requirement within three business days after the completion of the offering. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, we are required to file with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of this offering. These statements and regulatory actions are newly published and are continuously evolving. As there are still uncertainties regarding the interpretation and implementation of such regulatory guidance, we cannot assure you that we will be able to comply with new regulatory requirements relating this offering or our future overseas capital-raising activities and we may become subject to more stringent requirements with respect to matters such as cross-border investigation, data privacy, and enforcement of legal claims.
As of the date of this prospectus, no relevant PRC laws or regulations in effect require that we obtain permission from any PRC authorities for this offering, and we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, sanction, or any regulatory objection to this offering from the CSRC, the CAC, or any other PRC authorities that have jurisdiction over our operations. In the event that we inadvertently concluded that relevant permissions or approvals were not required or that we did not receive or maintain relevant permissions or approvals required, any failure of us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, cause significant disruption to our business operations, severely damage our reputation, materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause such securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the PRC” in our 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
Trading in our securities on U.S. markets may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, as amended, or the HFCAA, if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor for two consecutive years because of the position taken by authorities in a foreign jurisdiction. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) of its determination that it was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB signed a Statement of Protocol with the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC, established a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determinations and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022 and voted to vacate its previous 2021 determinations to the contrary. Whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditor’s control. Our auditor, WWC, P.C., has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, and it is not subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. However, we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements.
As a holding company, we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC Subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements. If any of our PRC Subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to us. Under current PRC laws and regulations, our PRC Subsidiaries are permitted to pay dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Furthermore, our PRC Subsidiaries are required to make
appropriations to certain statutory reserve funds or may make appropriations to certain discretionary funds, which are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of a solvent liquidation of the companies. As of the date of this prospectus, none of our subsidiaries have made any dividends or distributions to their respective holding companies, nor have we made any dividends or distributions to our shareholders. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.
In August 2025, Park Ha Cayman transferred US$1.4 million to WFOE as investments. Other than that, as of the date of this prospectus, no cash or assets were transferred between us and any of our subsidiaries or among any of our subsidiaries. In the future, cash may be transferred among us and our subsidiaries in the following manner: (i) funds may be transferred to our subsidiaries from us as needed in the form of capital contributions or shareholder loans through the intermediary holding companies, as the case may be; (ii) dividends or other distributions may be paid by our subsidiaries to us directly or through intermediary holding company, as the case may be; and (iii) internal borrowing and lending between subsidiaries. Currently, there are no restrictions of transferring funds between our Cayman Islands holding company and subsidiary in Hong Kong. However, to the extent cash or assets in the business is in the PRC or Hong Kong or a PRC or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other uses outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due to the imposition of restrictions and limitations by the PRC government on the ability of us or our subsidiaries to transfer cash or assets. Our management monitors the cash position of each entity within our organization regularly and prepares budgets on a monthly basis to ensure each entity has the necessary funds to fulfill its obligation for the foreseeable future and to provide adequate liquidity. In the event that there is a need for cash or a potential liquidity issue, it will be reported to our Chief Financial Officer and subject to approval by our board of directors, we will enter into an intercompany loan for the applicable subsidiary in accordance with applicable PRC laws and regulations.
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “foreign private issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” and “— Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer” on pages 8 and 9 of this prospectus.
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Public Offering Price(1) |
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Placement Agent Commissions(2) |
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Proceeds to the Company Before Expenses(3) |
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(1) The public offering price is $[•] per Ordinary Share.
(2) We have agreed to pay FT Global Capital, Inc. (the “placement agent”) commissions of 7.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse the placement agent for certain expenses. For a description of compensation payable to the placement agent. See “Plan of Distribution.”
(3) We estimate the total expenses of this offering payable by us, excluding the placement agent’s fees, will be approximately $[•].
We have engaged FT Global Capital, Inc. as our exclusive placement agent to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase our securities in this offering. The placement agent has no obligation to purchase and are not purchasing or selling the securities offered by us, and is not required to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of our securities, but will use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the securities offered by this prospectus. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in escrow, trust or similar arrangement. There is no minimum offering requirement as a condition of closing of this offering. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing in this offering the actual offering amount, the placement agent’s fee, and proceeds to us, if any, is not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the total maximum offering amounts set forth above and throughout this prospectus. We have agreed to pay the placement agent the fee set forth in the table above and to provide reimbursement of certain expenses and certain other compensation to the placement agent. See “Plan of Distribution” of this prospectus for more information regarding these arrangements.
We will have one closing for all the securities purchased in this offering. The offering will terminate upon the completion of a single closing, which is expected to occur on or about [*], 2025. The public offering price per Ordinary Share and one Warrant will be fixed for the duration of this offering.
We may sell fewer than all securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund if we do not sell all of the securities offered hereby. We have not established an escrow account in conjunction with this offering. Because there is no escrow account and no minimum number of securities or amount of proceeds, investors could be in a position where they have invested in us, but we have not raised sufficient proceeds in this offering to adequately fund the intended uses of the proceeds as described in this prospectus. Also, any proceeds from the sale of securities offered by us will be available for our immediate use, despite uncertainty about whether we would be able to use such funds to effectively implement our business plan. See “Risk Factors.”
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities, or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

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You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or amendment. Neither we, nor the Placement Agent, have authorized any other person to provide you with information that is different from, or adds to, that contained in this prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither we nor the Placement Agent take responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. You should assume that the information contained in this prospectus or any free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date. We are not making an offer of any securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer is unlawful.
No action is being taken in any jurisdiction outside the United States to permit a public offering of our securities or possession or distribution of this prospectus in that jurisdiction. Persons who come into possession of this prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions as to this public offering and the distribution of this prospectus applicable to that jurisdiction.
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This summary highlights information contained in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information you should consider in making your investment decision. Before deciding to invest in our securities, you should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Prospectus Conventions
Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to:
• “CAC” are to the Cyberspace Administration of China;
• “China” or the “PRC” are to the People’s Republic of China, and only when in this prospectus refers to specific laws and regulations adopted by the PRC, excludes Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan;
• “CSRC” are to the China Securities Regulatory Commission;
• “Hong Kong” are to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;
• “Ordinary Shares” are to the ordinary shares of the Company, par value US$0.00002 per share;
• “O2O Model” are to the Online-to-Offline Model, which is a business strategy involving the use of digital marketing channels to draw potential customers to make purchases in brick-and-mortar stores;
• “Park Ha Cayman” are to Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares;
• “Park Ha HK” are to Park Ha Biological Technology (HK) Co., Limited, a Hong Kong company, limited by shares, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Park Ha Cayman;
• “Park Ha Jiangsu” are to Jiangsu Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (also translated as “Jiangsu Puhe Biotechnology Co., Ltd.”), a PRC limited liability company, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE;
• “Park Ha Shanghai” are to Shanghai Park Ha Industrial Development Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Xinzhan;
• “PRC Subsidiaries” are to WFOE, Park Ha Jiangsu, Park Ha Shanghai, Xinzhan, Wuxi Muchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and Wuxi Mufeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;
• “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” are to Park Ha Cayman and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, to Park Ha Cayman and its subsidiaries;
• “WFOE” are to Park Ha Investment (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in the PRC and a wholly owned subsidiary of Park Ha HK;
• “Xinzhan” are to Wuxi Xinzhan Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd., a PRC limited liability company, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of WFOE;
• “2025 Share Incentive Plan” are to the employee equity incentive plan approved by the Company on February 28, 2025, details of which is set out in the Form S-8 filed with the SEC on March 3, 2025; and
• “Amended and Restated 2025 Share Incentive Plan” are to the employee equity incentive plan approved by the Company on July 7, 2025, details of which is set out in the Form S-8 filed with the SEC on July 10, 2025.
Certain market data and forecasts used throughout this prospectus were obtained from internal company surveys, market research, consultant surveys, reports of governmental and international agencies and industry publications and surveys. Industry publications and third-party research, surveys and reports generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations,
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and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. Our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.
Overview
Our business primarily consists of developing our private skincare label, direct skincare products sales and franchise alliances promotions. Our “Park Ha” brand focuses on providing solutions for problematic skin. Established in 2016, the brand had its first store launched in 2017. In addition to three stores directly operated by Park Ha Jiangsu, as of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, we had 39 and 45 franchisees in China, of which 38 and 43 franchisees operate under the store name “Park Ha,” and 1 and 2 franchisees operate under a different brand name, “Geni” or “歌妮”. Xinzhan has entered into supplemental agreements with these franchisees that operate stores under a different brand name, pursuant to which each such franchisee is allowed to keep the existing store name and does not have to change the store name to “Park Ha.” The franchisees operating under the “Geni” or “歌妮” brand sell products from the “Park Ha” brand and other third-party brands with Xinzhan’s permission.
Our PRC Subsidiaries specialize in providing skincare and cosmetic products under our brand name “Park Ha” in China. Our PRC Subsidiaries develop our proprietary beauty products and offer complimentary after-sales beauty services in our physical stores. Park Ha Jiangsu is the research and development center focusing on skincare products development and improvement for sensitive skin. Xinzhan leads the marketing and promotional efforts and is the entity in charge of our franchising business. Park Ha Shanghai is a training center for our franchisee staff. As part of our value-added service for our products, our directly operated stores and franchisees offer “light beauty experience”, a quick complimentary after-sales beauty service performed in the stores. Light beauty experience is offered to our customers as an effective way to demonstrate how our products are used in order to deliver the intended results.
Our revenues mainly consist of (i) products sales and (ii) franchise fees. Our total revenue increased by $386,269 to $1,239,197 for the six months ended April 30, 2025 from $852,928 for the six months ended April 30, 2024. Products sales accounted for 33% of the total revenue and franchise fees accounted for 67% of the total revenue for the six months ended April 30, 2025. Products sales accounted for 35% of the total revenue and franchise fees accounted for 65% of the total revenue for the six months ended April 30, 2024. Our total revenue decreased by $77,251 to $2,381,851 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 from $2,459,102 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, product sales accounted for 30% of the total revenue and franchise fees accounted for 70% of the total revenue. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, product sales accounted for 26% of the total revenue and franchise fees accounted for 74% of the total revenue. We recorded net loss of $19,835,994 for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and net income of $48,900 for the six months ended April 30, 2024. Our net income decreased by $373,481 to $478,561 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 from $852,042 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more information.
As of April 30, 2025, the 39 franchisees locate in the following regions: 22 in Jiangsu Province, 4 in Shandong Province, 3 in Shaanxi Province, 1 in Anhui Province, 1 in Liaoning Province, 1 in Shanxi Province, 1 in Hainan Province, 1 in Henan Province, 1 in Heilongjiang Province, 1 in Guizhou Province, 1 in Zhejiang Province, 1 in Tianjin, and 1 in Hebei Province, forming a complete commercial network.
Growth Strategies
Our growth strategies include the following:
• strengthening the development of own products;
• improving our training practice;
• enhance our social media-based sales and marketing capabilities;
• improve supply chain capacity; and
• seek strategic investment, acquisition and other cooperation.
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Competitive Advantages
We are committed to providing our customers with high quality services. We believe we have several competitive advantages that will enable us to maintain and further improve our market position in the industry. These include:
• an innovative social marketing model;
• a stable supply chain system; and
• a strong and diversified management team.
Corporate history and structure
Park Ha Cayman is a holding company with no operations of its own, and conducts its operations in China through its PRC Subsidiaries. The Ordinary Shares offered in this prospectus are those of Park Ha Cayman, the holding company, not shares of the PRC Subsidiaries. Investors will not and may never directly hold equity interests in our PRC Subsidiaries.
The following diagram shows our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus and after giving effect to the sales of all of the securities offered in this offering.

Park Ha Cayman is a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability. It is a holding company incorporated on October 11, 2022 and is not engaged in any business as of the date of this prospectus.
Xinzhan was incorporated on March 31, 2016 under the laws of the PRC and is a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE.
Park Ha Shanghai was incorporated on April 17, 2017 under the laws of the PRC and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Xinzhan.
Park Ha Jiangsu was incorporated on August 13, 2019 under the laws of the PRC and is a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE.
Park Ha HK was incorporated on October 25, 2022 under the laws of Hong Kong and a wholly owned subsidiary of Park Ha Cayman. It is a holding company and is not engaged in any business as of the date of this prospectus.
WFOE was incorporated on May 5, 2023 under the laws of the PRC and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Park Ha HK. It is a holding company and is not engaged in any business as of the date of this prospectus.
Wuxi Muchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. was incorporated on February 21, 2025 under the laws of the PRC and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Park Ha Jiangsu.
Wuxi Mufeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. was incorporated on February 21, 2025 under the laws of the PRC and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Park Ha Jiangsu.
On June 29, 2024, the Company effected a forward split of our Ordinary Shares at a ratio of 1-for-5. As a result, as of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue 2,500,000,000 Ordinary Shares.
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IPO
In December 2024, the Company completed its IPO of 1,200,000 Ordinary Shares at a price of $4.00 per share. The total gross proceeds received from the IPO was US$4.8 million. Our Ordinary Shares began trading on December 27, 2024 on Nasdaq under the symbol “PHH.” On January 22, 2025, the then representative of the underwriters in connection with the IPO exercised the over-allotment option partially to purchase an additional 174,403 Ordinary Shares. The Company received $697,612 in gross proceeds from the partial exercise of the over-allotment option, before deducting underwriting discounts and other estimated expenses payable by the Company. The closing of the over-allotment option under the IPO took place on January 24, 2025.
2025 Share Incentive Plans
On February 28, 2025, the Company has adopted the 2025 Share Incentive Plan whereby the Company reserved and was authorized to issue and allot a maximum aggregate 3,000,000 Ordinary Shares. Please refer to the Form S-8 filed with the SEC on March 3, 2025 for further information.
On July 7, 2025, the Company has adopted the Amended and Restated 2025 Share Incentive Plan whereby the Company reserved and was authorized to issue and allot an additional 4,500,000 Ordinary Shares. Please refer to the Form S-8 filed with the SEC on July 10, 2025 for further information.
As of the date of this prospectus, there are 33,874,403 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding.
Transfers of cash to and from our subsidiaries
As a holding company, we may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC Subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements. If any of our PRC Subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to us. Under current PRC laws and regulations, our PRC Subsidiaries are permitted to pay dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Furthermore, our PRC Subsidiaries are required to make appropriations to certain statutory reserve funds or may make appropriations to certain discretionary funds, which are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of a solvent liquidation of the companies. As of the date of this prospectus, none of our subsidiaries have made any dividends or distributions to their respective holding companies, nor have we made any dividends or distributions to our shareholders. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.
In August 2025, Park Ha Cayman transferred US$1.4 million to WFOE as investments. Other than that, as of the date of this prospectus, no cash or assets were transferred between us and any of our subsidiaries or among any of our subsidiaries. In the future, cash may be transferred among us and our subsidiaries in the following manner: (i) funds may be transferred to our subsidiaries from us as needed in the form of capital contributions or shareholder loans through the intermediary holding companies, as the case may be; (ii) dividends or other distributions may be paid by our subsidiaries to us directly or through intermediary holding company, as the case may be; and (iii) internal borrowing and lending between subsidiaries. Currently, there are no restrictions of transferring funds between our Cayman Islands holding company and subsidiary in Hong Kong. However, to the extent cash or assets in the business is in the PRC or Hong Kong or a PRC or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other uses outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due to the imposition of restrictions and limitations by the PRC government on the ability of us or our subsidiaries to transfer cash or assets. Our management monitors the cash position of each entity within our organization regularly and prepares budgets on a monthly basis to ensure each entity has the necessary funds to fulfill its obligation for the foreseeable future and to provide adequate liquidity. In the event that there is a need for cash or a potential liquidity issue, it will be reported to our Chief Financial Officer and subject to approval by our board of directors, we will enter into an intercompany loan for the applicable subsidiary in accordance with applicable PRC laws and regulations.
Summary of Risk Factors
Investing in our securities involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our securities. Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors” in the 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated in this prospectus by reference.
4
Risks Related to Doing Business in the PRC
• To the extent cash or assets in the business are in the PRC or Hong Kong or a PRC or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other uses outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets;
• Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice, which could materially adversely affect our business;
• The PRC government may intervene or influence our operations at any time and with no advance notice, or may exert more oversight and control over our operations, and offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless;
• The approval or filing of the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may be required to maintain our listing status or conduct future offshore securities offerings;
• The continued U.S. regulatory and legislative focus, including the enactment of the HFCAA, may adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares and may eventually require us to delist our securities from the U.S. markets;
• Recent greater oversight by the CAC over data security, particularly for companies seeking to list on a foreign exchange, could adversely impact our business and our offering;
• We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC Subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC Subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business;
• You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in this prospectus based on foreign laws;
• It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigations or collect evidence within China;
• Fluctuations in currency exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on the value of your investment;
• Governmental regulations on currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment;
• Changes in PRC political, economic and governmental policies may have an adverse impact on our business;
• Failure to comply with PRC laws and regulations related to labor and employee benefits may subject us to penalties or additional cost;
• The PRC Labor Contract Law, increased labor costs or other factors affecting our labor force in the PRC may adversely affect our business and results of operations;
• PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds from any future financings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC Subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business;
• Certain PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions;
• We may be classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, which could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our shareholders; and
5
• PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC Subsidiaries’ ability to change their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC laws.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Risks and uncertainties related to our business and industry, include but are not limited to the following:
• The PRC Subsidiaries operate in a dynamic industry and have a limited operating history. Our historical results of operations and financial performance may not be indicative of future performance;
• The beauty industry is highly competitive. If we are unable to compete effectively, we may lose our market share and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected;
• Our success is dependent on the continued popularity of our products and our ability to anticipate and respond to changes in industry trends and consumer preferences and behavior in a timely manner;
• Our business depends, in part, on the quality, effectiveness and safety of our products;
• If we are unable to provide superior customer experiences, our business and reputation may be materially and adversely affected;
• We rely on a limited number of suppliers to provide us with the raw materials and ingredients we use for the products. We may not be able to obtain such supplies at competitive prices during times of high demand, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;
• We derive a significant portion of our revenue from a few major customers. Any significant decrease in the demand from our largest customers for our products may materially and adversely affect our financial conditions and results of operations; and
• Our success depends on the implementation of the franchise business model. Our growth through franchising may not occur as rapidly as we anticipate.
Risks Related to the Our Ordinary Shares
Risks and uncertainties related to our business and industry, include but are not limited to the following:
• Our Chairperson of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer, Ms. Xiaoqiu Zhang, has a significant influence over our Company and future corporate decisions. Her interests may not always be aligned with those of other shareholders;
• We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements;
• As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq Listing Rules;
• We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies;
• The trading price of the Ordinary Shares is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors; and
• If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
6
Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
Trading in our securities on U.S. markets may be prohibited under the HFCAA if the PCAOB determines that it is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor for two consecutive years because of the position taken by authorities in a foreign jurisdiction. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. Our auditor, WWC, P.C., has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, and it is not subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021. The PCAOB currently has the full access needed to inspect the working papers of our auditor.
If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we continue to use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. There can be no assurance that we would not be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we were so identified for two consecutive years, we would become subject to the prohibition on trading under the HFCAA.
PRC Limitations on Overseas Listing
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC promulgated the Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Under the Trial Measures, a filing-based regulatory system shall be applied to “indirect overseas offerings and listings” of PRC domestic companies, which refers to securities offerings and listings in an overseas market made under the name of an offshore entity but based on the underlying equity, assets, earnings or other similar rights of a domestic company that operates its main business domestically. The Trial Measures state that, any post-listing follow-on offering by an issuer in the same overseas market, including issuance of shares, convertible notes and other similar securities, shall be subject to filing requirement within three business days after the completion of the offering. Therefore, any of our future offering in an overseas market shall be subject to the filing requirements under the Trial Measures. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, we are required to complete the record filing requirement with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of this offering.
If we fail to obtain required approval or complete other review or filing procedures, under the Trial Measures or otherwise, for any future overseas securities offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities, which may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, limitations on our operating privileges in China, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in China, restrictions on or delays to our future financing transactions offshore, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of the Ordinary Shares.
On February 24, 2023, the CSRC jointly with other relevant governmental authorities, promulgated the Confidentiality and Archives Management Provisions, which took effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Confidentiality and Archives Management Provisions, domestic companies, whether offering and listing securities overseas directly or indirectly, must strictly abide by the applicable laws and regulations when providing or publicly disclosing, either directly or through their overseas listed entities, documents and materials to securities services providers such as securities companies and accounting firms or overseas regulators in the process of their overseas offering and listing. If such documents or materials contain any state secrets or government authorities work secrets, domestic companies must obtain the approval from competent governmental authorities according to the applicable laws, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level with the approving governmental authority. Furthermore, the Confidentiality and Archives Management Provisions provide that securities companies and securities service providers shall fulfill the applicable legal procedures when providing overseas regulatory institutions and other relevant institutions and individuals with documents or materials containing any state secrets or government authorities work secrets or other documents or materials that, if divulged, will jeopardize national security or public interest. Since the Confidentiality and Archives Management Provisions were promulgated recently, substantial uncertainties still exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of such provisions and how they will affect us.
7
Recent Cybersecurity Regulatory Development in PRC
On December 28, 2021, CAC together with 12 other regulatory authorities jointly promulgated the amended Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022. The amended Cybersecurity Review Measures provide that a “internet platform operator” that possesses personal information of more than one million users and seeks a listing in a foreign country must apply for a cybersecurity review. Further, if a CIIO purchases Internet products and services that affect or may affect national security, it should be subject to cybersecurity review by the CAC. In addition, on March 22, 2024, the CAC issued the Provisions on Promoting and Standardizing Cross-Border Data Flows, which set forth the circumstances exempted from performing the security assessment or filing procedures for cross-border data transfer and further clarify the thresholds and scenarios for data processors to go through these procedures as stipulated under the aforementioned measures.
As of the date of this prospectus, we and our PRC Subsidiaries have not been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by any PRC regulatory authority, nor has any of them received any inquiry, notice, or sanction. As of the date of prospectus, in the opinion of our PRC counsel, Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm, we are not subject to cybersecurity review or network data security review by the CAC under the amended Cybersecurity Review Measures, given that our PRC Subsidiaries are not CIIOs or internet platform operators that possess personal information of more than one million users or engage in data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. However, we cannot assure you that the CAC would take the same view as we do to this matter.
Permission Required from the PRC Authorities
As of the date of this prospectus, our PRC Subsidiaries have obtained all permissions and approvals to operate their respective business, including registration of incorporation, business license, permit for opening bank account, labor and employment recordation, social insurance registration and such other permissions and approval as required by the PRC regulatory authorities. In addition, Xinzhan has completed record filing with the Ministry of Commerce of China to conduct franchise business. Such record filing shall be renewed every year. Xinzhan has also obtained a medical device operation permit, expiring on August 20, 2028, despite the fact that the devices in the stores are not medical devices and that the operation does not require such permit.
We manage our business operations in a prudent manner where we determine whether a particular regulatory permission or approval is required based on opinions and guidance from our in-house and external legal counsel and relevant governmental authorities, as the case may be. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not received any regulatory notice requesting us to obtain a permission or approval that we have concluded is not required. If our PRC Subsidiaries (i) do not receive or maintain required permissions or approvals, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and our PRC Subsidiaries are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, they could be subject to fines, legal sanctions, or an order to suspend their relevant services, which may materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive office is located at 901, Building C, Phase 2, Wuxi International Life Science Innovation Campus, 196 Jinghui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 214000. The telephone number of our principal executive offices is +86-400-012-7562. Our registered office is at Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman, KY1-1002, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service for process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., 122 E 42nd Street 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:
• the ability to include only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations disclosure;
8
• an exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
• reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports, proxy statements and registration statements; and
• a delay in adopting new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.
We have elected to take advantage of certain of the reduced disclosure obligations in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and may elect to take advantage of other reduced reporting requirements in future filings. Specifically, we have elected to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply under Section 102(b)(1) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. This election may result in our financial statements not being comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenue of at least US$1.235 billion; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (c) the date on which we have, during the preceding three-year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of the Ordinary Shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above.
Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act. As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:
• we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports or provide periodic and current reports as frequently, as a domestic public company;
• for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies;
• we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation;
• we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information;
• we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and
• we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction.
In addition, as a foreign private issuer, the Nasdaq listing rules allow us to follow corporate governance practice in our home country, the Cayman Islands, with respect to certain corporate governance requirements. Although we do not intend to rely on the “foreign private issuer” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we may elect to rely on this exemption after we complete this offering. Accordingly, you would not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares — As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq listing rules.” These risks are discussed more fully in “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors” in the 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated in this prospectus by reference.
9
The Offering
|
Securities Offered by Us: |
Up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares, and Warrants to purchase up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares. |
|
|
Offering Price: |
[*] |
|
|
Shares Issued and Outstanding Prior to this Offering: |
33,874,403 Ordinary Shares. |
|
|
Ordinary Shares Issued and Outstanding after this Offering: |
[*] Ordinary Shares. |
|
|
Lock-up: |
[*]. |
|
|
Listing: |
Our Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “PHH.” |
|
|
Transfer Agent: |
Transhare Corporation |
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|
Risk Factors: |
Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 12 of this prospectus before deciding to invest in our securities. |
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|
Use of Proceeds: |
We estimate the net proceeds from this offering to us will be approximately $[*] million, assuming the sales of all of the securities we are offering, after deducting the placement agent commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. However, because this is a best-efforts offering and there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, the placement agent commissions and net proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We currently intend to use the net proceeds to us from this offering for the expansion in directly operated stores. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 14 of this prospectus. |
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Best Efforts Offering: |
We have agreed to offer and sell the Securities offered hereby to the investors through the placement agent. The placement agent is not required to buy or sell any specific number or dollar amount of the Securities offered hereby, but it will use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the Securities offered by this prospectus. See “Plan of Distribution” on page 69 of this prospectus. |
10
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this prospectus other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, our business strategy and plans, and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in the “Risk Factors” section. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no duty to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.
11
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before deciding whether to invest in our securities, you should consider carefully the risks under Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and under the heading “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors” in the 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated in this prospectus by reference, together with any other information appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and in any accompanying prospectus supplement, in light of your particular investment objectives and financial circumstances. In addition to those risk factors, there may be additional risks and uncertainties of which our management is unaware or deems immaterial. Our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks. The trading price of our Ordinary Shares could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Additionally, we are also subject to the following risk factors.
If we cannot continue to satisfy the continued listing requirements and other Nasdaq rules, our securities may be delisted, which could negatively impact the price of our securities and your ability to sell them.
Our Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq. In order to maintain our listing on Nasdaq, we are required to comply with applicable Nasdaq rules, including those regarding minimum shareholders’ equity, minimum share price, minimum market value of publicly held shares, and various additional requirements. We may not be able to continue to satisfy these requirements and applicable rules. If we are unable to satisfy the Nasdaq criteria for maintaining our listing, our securities could be subject to delisting.
On September 2, 2025, we received a notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of Nasdaq notifying the Company that based upon the closing bid price of the Ordinary Shares of the Company for the last 30 consecutive business days, the Company no longer meets the continued listing requirement of Nasdaq under Nasdaq Listing Rules 5550(a)(2) to maintain a minimum bid price of $1 per share. Nasdaq has provided the Company with an 180 calendar days compliance period, or until March 2, 2026, in which to regain compliance with Nasdaq continued listing requirement. The details of the bid price deficiency are described in the report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on September 5, 2025 (File No. 001-42453), which is incorporated by reference herein. Given that a substantial number of Ordinary Shares will be sold in this offering, this offering could cause the bid price of our Ordinary Shares to remain below the minimum bid price of $1 per share.
If the Nasdaq Capital Market subsequently delists our securities from trading, we could face significant consequences, including:
• a limited availability for market quotations for our securities;
• reduced liquidity with respect to our securities;
• a determination that our Ordinary Share is a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our Ordinary Share to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our Ordinary Share;
• limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
• a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
The Company is currently evaluating options to regain compliance and intends to timely regain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirement, including, among other things, to effect a share consolidation. As of the date of this prospectus, our board of directors is still evaluating the ratio of the share consolidation and other options to regain compliance.
12
This is a best efforts offering, no minimum number or dollar amount of securities is required to be sold, and we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our business plans.
The Placement Agent has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the securities in this offering. The Placement Agent has no obligation to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, Placement Agent fees, and proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth above. We may sell fewer than all of the securities offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell a number of securities sufficient to fund our business plan. Thus, we may not raise the amount of capital we believe is required for our operations in the short term and may need to raise additional funds, which may not be available or available on terms favorable to us, or at all.
13
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately $[*] million, assuming the sales of all of the securities we are offering, after deducting the placement agent commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. However, because this is a best-efforts offering and there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, placement agent commissions, and net proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
We plan to use the net proceeds we receive from this offering for the expansion in directly operated stores.
The foregoing represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. To the extent that the net proceeds we receive from this offering are not immediately used for the above purposes, we intend to invest our net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing bank deposits or debt instruments.
14
For cash transfers and transfers of other assets between us and our subsidiaries, see “Item 3. Key Information — Transfers of cash to and from our subsidiaries” and see “Item 3. Key Information — To the extent cash or assets in the business are in the PRC or Hong Kong or a PRC or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other uses outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due to the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets” in our 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
For our policy on dividend distributions, see “Item 3. Key Information — We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business” and “Item 3. Key Information — You may need to rely on a price appreciation of the Ordinary Shares for a return on your investment” in our 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
15
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of April 30, 2025
• on an actual basis, and
• on an as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) the issuance of up to [*] Ordinary Shares offered hereby, based on an assumed public offering price of $[*] per share, assuming the sale of all the securities we are offering, and (ii) the application of the net proceeds after deducting placement agent commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The as adjusted information below is illustrative only, and our capitalization following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual net proceeds to us from the offering. You should read this table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
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As of |
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Actual |
As Adjusted(1) |
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Shareholders’ Equity: |
|
|
||||
|
Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.00002 per share, 2,500,000,000 shares authorized, 29,374,403 shares issued and outstanding on an actual basis, [*] shares issued and outstanding on a pro forma as adjusted basis |
$ |
587 |
|
|||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
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23,751,471 |
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|||
|
Statutory reserves |
|
131,962 |
|
|||
|
Accumulated deficits |
|
(19,564,205 |
) |
|||
|
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
|
(69,375 |
) |
|
||
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Total Shareholders’ Equity |
$ |
4,250,440 |
|
|
||
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Total Capitalization |
|
5,832,432 |
|
|
||
16
If you invest in the securities being offered in this offering, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the assumed offering price per Ordinary Share and our net tangible book value per Ordinary Share after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the public offering price per Ordinary Share is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per Ordinary Share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding Ordinary Shares.
As of April 30, 2025, our net tangible book value was $[*], or approximately $[*] per Ordinary Share. Our net tangible book value per share represents total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding on April 30, 2025. After giving effect to the sale of securities in this offering at the assumed public offering price of $[*] per Ordinary Share after deducting the placement agent commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us and assuming the sale of all of the securities we are offering, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of April 30, 2025 would have been $[*] per Ordinary Share. This represents an immediate decrease in as adjusted net tangible book value of $[*] to our existing investors and an immediate dilution of in as adjusted net tangible book value of $[*] per Ordinary Share to new investors.
The following table illustrates this dilution on a per Ordinary Share basis to new investors.
|
Per Share |
||
|
Assumed offering price per Ordinary Share |
||
|
Net tangible book value per Ordinary Share as of April 30, 2025 |
||
|
Increase in as adjusted net tangible book value per Ordinary Share attributable to new investors purchasing Ordinary Shares in this offering |
||
|
As adjusted net tangible book value per Ordinary Share after this offering |
||
|
Dilution per Ordinary Share to new investors in this offering |
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of $[*] per share would increase (decrease) the as-adjusted net tangible book value as of April 30, 2025 after this offering, assuming the sale of all of the securities we are offering, by approximately $[*] per Ordinary Share, and would increase dilution to new investors by approximately $[*] per Ordinary Share, assuming that the number of Ordinary Shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the placement agent commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.
17
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
Park Ha Cayman was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands to take advantage of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands exempted company, such as:
• political and economic stability;
• an effective judicial system;
• a favorable tax system;
• the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions;
• the availability of professional and support services.
However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include, but are not limited to:
• the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors as compared to the United States;
• Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in the federal courts of the United States.
Our constituent documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.
All of our operations are conducted in China, and substantially all of our assets are located in China. All our directors and officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and all of their assets are located outside the United States. Specifically, all our directors and officers are located in China. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these individuals, or to bring an action against us or these individuals in the United States, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
We have appointed Cogency Global Inc., as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.
Ogier, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us that are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States, or (ii) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States.
Our Cayman Islands counsel has further advised us that there is currently no statutory enforcement or treaty between the United States and the Cayman Islands providing for enforcement of judgments. A judgment obtained in the United States, however, may be recognized and enforced in the courts of the Cayman Islands at common law, without any re-examination on the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, provided such judgment: (i) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction; (ii) imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given; (iii) is final; (iv) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty; (v) was not obtained by fraud; and (vi) was not obtained in a manner and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or public policy of the Cayman Islands. Subject to the above limitations, in appropriate circumstances, a Cayman Islands court may give effect in the Cayman Islands to other kinds of final foreign judgments such as declaratory orders, orders for performance of contracts and injunctions.
Furthermore, it is uncertain that the Cayman Islands courts would enforce: (1) judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or other persons that are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws; or (2) original actions brought against us or other persons predicated upon the Securities Act. Our Cayman Islands
18
counsel has informed us that there is uncertainty with regard to Cayman Islands law relating to whether a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of the securities laws will be determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands as penal or punitive in nature.
Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm, our counsel as to PRC law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of China would:
• recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; or
• entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.
Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm has further advised us that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other form of reciprocity with the United States or the Cayman Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if it decides that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether, and on what basis, a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or in the Cayman Islands. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law against a company in China for disputes if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause for the suit. It will be, however, difficult for U.S. shareholders to originate actions against us in the PRC in accordance with PRC laws because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and it will be difficult for U.S. shareholders, by virtue only of holding the Ordinary Shares, to establish a connection to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.
19
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
For our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the years ended October 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, please read “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” in our 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
For our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024, please read our report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on August 26, 2025, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
20
Corporate history and structure
The following diagram shows our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus and after giving effect to the sales of all of the securities offered in this offering.

We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated and registered under the laws of the Cayman Islands on October 11, 2022. Our principal executive office is located at 901, Building C, Phase 2, Wuxi International Life Science Innovation Campus, 196 Jinghui East Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China 214000. The telephone number of our principal executive offices is +86-400-012-7562. Our registered office is at Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman, KY1-1002, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service for process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., 122 E 42nd Street 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.
The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy, and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC using its EDGAR system.
For a description of our history, development and structure, please read “Item 4. Information on the Company — A. History and Development of the Company” in our 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
21
Our Goal
We aim to provide cost-effective solutions to skin problems and improve the confidence of women in need of skin treatment.
Overview
Our business primarily consists of developing our private skincare label, direct skincare products sales and franchise alliances promotions. Our “Park Ha” brand focuses on providing solutions for problematic skin. In addition to three stores directly operated by Park Ha Jiangsu, as of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, we had 39 and 45 franchisees in China, of which 38 and 43 franchisees operate under the store name “Park Ha,” and 1 and 2 franchisees operate under a different brand name, “Geni” or “歌妮”. Xinzhan has entered into supplemental agreements with these franchisees that operate stores under a different brand name, pursuant to which each such franchisee is allowed to keep the existing store name and does not have to change the store name to “Park Ha.” The franchisees operating under the “Geni” or “歌妮” brand sell products from the “Park Ha” brand and other third-party brands with Xinzhan’s permission.
Our PRC Subsidiaries specialize in providing skincare and cosmetic products under our brand name “Park Ha” in China. Our PRC Subsidiaries develop our proprietary beauty products and offer complimentary after-sales beauty services in our physical stores. Park Ha Jiangsu is the research and development center focusing on skincare products development and improvement for sensitive skin. Xinzhan leads the marketing and promotional efforts and is the entity in charge of our franchising business. Park Ha Shanghai is a training center for our franchisee staff. As part of our value-added service for our products, our directly operated stores and franchisees offer “light beauty experience”, a quick complimentary after-sales beauty service performed in the stores. Light beauty experience is offered to our customers as an effective way to demonstrate how our products are used in order to deliver the intended results.
Our revenues mainly consist of (i) products sales and (ii) franchise fees. Our total revenue increased by $386,269 to $1,239,197 for the six months ended April 30, 2025 from $852,928 for the six months ended April 30, 2024. Products sales accounted for 33% of the total revenue and franchise fees accounted for 67% of the total revenue for the six months ended April 30, 2025. Products sales accounted for 35% of the total revenue and franchise fees accounted for 65% of the total revenue for the six months ended April 30, 2024. Our total revenue decreased by $77,251 to $2,381,851 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 from $2,459,102 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, product sales accounted for 30% of the total revenue and franchise fees accounted for 70% of the total revenue. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023, product sales accounted for 26% of the total revenue and franchise fees accounted for 74% of the total revenue. We recorded net loss of $19,835,994 for the six months ended April 30, 2025 and net income of $48,900 for the six months ended April 30, 2024. Our net income decreased by $373,481 to $478,561 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 from $852,042 for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for more information.
As of April 30, 2025, the 39 franchisees locate in the following regions: 22 in Jiangsu Province, 4 in Shandong Province, 3 in Shaanxi Province, 1 in Anhui Province, 1 in Liaoning Province, 1 in Shanxi Province, 1 in Hainan Province, 1 in Henan Province, 1 in Heilongjiang Province, 1 in Guizhou Province, 1 in Zhejiang Province, 1 in Tianjin, and 1 in Hebei Province, forming a complete commercial network.
Our Business Model
Under our retail model, Park Ha Jiangsu provides our products to the franchisees, and Park Ha Shanghai provides staff training to the staff of the franchisees. We believe that by creating franchisee chains, Xinzhan provides customers with more effective skincare experiences. Xinzhan’s franchisee strategy gives franchisees the option to determine the quantity and timing of the purchase from Xinzhan, thus lowering the franchisees’ inventory pressure. Xinzhan provides full training for franchisees’ beginner-level staff.
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Our operations consist of the following segments:
I. Xinzhan is responsible for the experiential marketing of skincare products to target customers. Store beauticians perform Xinzhan’s after-sales service through one-on-one visits by phone or WeChat, giving customers the opportunity to review their purchase on the first day, the third day, and the seventh day after purchasing. We believe that this boosts customers’ confidence in the product and encourages future purchases.
II. Xinzhan also manages the franchisees. It enters into franchisee agreements with our franchisees and operates directly-owned stores.
III. Park Ha Shanghai serves as a training center where we provide training to staff working at our franchise stores. We also cooperate with third-party training agencies to provide more professional training to our staff.
Our core operating model has helped us efficiently and quickly build and expand our successful brand and products.
Our Franchise Model
Our franchise system is critical to our business operations. As of April 30, 2025 and October 31, 2024, we had 39 and 45 franchisees in China, of which 38 and 43 franchisees operate under the store name “Park Ha,” and 1 and 2 franchisees operate under a different brand name, “Geni” or “歌妮”.
Xinzhan enters into franchise agreements with its franchisees, pursuant to which the franchisees are granted permission to open and operate a store under the brand name “Park Ha” in a specific geographic area. Xinzhan has entered into supplemental agreements with these franchisees that operate stores under the “Geni” or “歌妮” brand, pursuant to which each such franchisee is allowed to keep the existing store name and does not have to change the store name to “Park Ha”. The franchisees operating under the “Geni” or “歌妮” brand sell products from the “Park Ha” brand and other third-party brands with Xinzhan’s permission. Franchisees must adhere to the proper use of equipment and engage in the sale of authorized skincare or beauty products.
Park Ha Shanghai provides monthly training to the beauticians of each franchisee. The training courses include skin physiology, “Park Ha” product theory, store operation skills, standardized user manual for stores, procurement and store management. After each monthly training, an assessment of these beauticians is conducted. We also intend to provide training courses for franchisees on subjects that new industry trends in customer development skills, new product releases, and other topic.
Our products are sold under our franchisee’s sale models. Franchisees estimate the product sales volume of each month based on the sales records of prior months. Accordingly, they place orders with us based on the expected sales volume. If any product-related problems come up aftersales, the franchisees will consult with us for guidance. Our products carry specific production record-filing certificates and quality inspection reports. In case of product damage due to logistics reasons, the products can be exchanged.
We utilize various channels such as Douyin, Meiye Observation and beautydata.ai (beauty industry websites), Baidu online advertising and other platforms, to publish advertisements highlighting preferential pricing for franchisees to attract potential franchisees. The PRC Subsidiaries participate in beauty industry exhibitions and events, such as the China Beauty Expo, where we introduce our products and services and engage in face-to-face communication with potential franchisees. Some existing franchisees also become promoters of the “Park Ha” brand by introducing potential franchisees to us. Additionally, the PRC Subsidiaries organize franchise promotion events periodically in physical stores to attract potential franchisees.
Xinzhan is entitled to an annual franchisee fee depending on the size of the franchise, payable within 30 business days from execution of the franchise agreement and within 30 business days of each anniversary date of execution thereafter. Our franchise agreement typically lasts for three years and can be renewed upon both parties’ mutual consent. Xinzhan has the right to terminate the franchise agreement for cause if the franchisee is found in breach of the agreement. The franchisees may terminate the franchise agreements early due to business reasons by submitting a written application to Xinzhan for consent.
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Furthermore, we offer incentives such as cash subsidies to our regional store franchisees and skin management center franchisees within two weeks upon the entry of franchise agreements/renewals and full payment of the franchise fees. We also require our franchisees to use the cash subsidies for renovation and advertising purposes only. We do not offer any discounts to our franchisees.
|
Type of Franchisees |
Annual Franchise Fees |
Cash Subsidies |
Area |
Notes |
||||
|
Regional store |
RMB 2 million (approximately $278,730) |
RMB 360,000 |
200 sqm |
territorial exclusivity and a wider variety of products than single store |
||||
|
Skin management center |
RMB 550,000 (approximately $76,650) |
RMB 50,000 |
200 sqm |
a wider variety of products than single store |
||||
|
Single store |
RMB 100,000 (approximately $13,936) |
N/A |
50 sqm |
Research and Development
Park Ha Jiangsu is our research and development center focusing on skincare products development and improvement for sensitive skin. We will continue to improve upon and expand our products and services offerings through our research and development mainly focus on the development of small molecule peptide hydration penetration technology, as well as providing other products and technologies to solve the problem of skin moisture loss.
Our Sales and Marketing
We seek to build an industry-leading platform in the beauty market in China. Since 2021, we have adopted a franchise chain system to supplement our owned stores. We provide our franchisees with training, a stable supply chain to franchisees and a unified guidance strategy for geographical location and market competition.
We believe that our solutions have a strong competitive edge in China’s beauty market. Our CEO and CTO each has over ten years of experience in the industry and plays essential roles in reaching out to potential customers. Additionally, we have established a good reputation among our customers through our consistent high-quality products. Due to our reputation in China, we also receive consultation requests and offers from prospective customers.
In addition, we have adopted a digital strategy to better engage with our customers to promote our products through in online communities. This includes launching VR product trials, live online sales and social app advertising. Since 2020, “Park Ha” brand has established its own official account on various popular short video platforms in China including Douyin, RED, and WeChat Video, which has promoted its popularity among the beauty industry and consumers in China. Since 2022, “Park Ha” brand has launched a live channel on Douyin, which promotes products through live activities. By interacting directly with consumers through live streaming and cutting-edge marketing channels, providing instant and customized content access, “Park Ha” brand has created a marketing model that is designed to be effective among beauty consumers in China. To better promote our products, we provide value-added services, complimentary facial treatment trial in stores, where our trained staff give 30 to 45-minute facial treatment sessions to customers who purchase our products. Such sessions are meant to educate our customers about the optimal ways to use our products.
Our Competitive Advantages
We believe that we are prepared for continued growth due to several competitive advantages:
An innovative social marketing model
We have successfully established a regional brand effect through a social marketing model. We help our franchisees organize local salon activities, build product experience models, offer awards on promotion, and take advantage of our internet promotion, to build brand awareness and drive customers to our trusted community. This, in turn, attracts additional franchisees.
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To reach potential customers through social marketing, the PRC Subsidiaries hold interest-based community virtual events through the WeChat platform and connect people within the community who are interested in skincare products or knowledge. The PRC Subsidiaries promote our products according to our customers’ skincare needs. Our social marketing model is designed to stimulate potential customers’ desire to buy our products by reaching accurately targeted user groups who are interested in our products through community activities. Since this marketing is carried out within residential communities, we find it easier to build close ties to our target customers through community events in the long run, which we believe enhances our long-term customer loyalty.
A Stable supply chain system
Our suppliers are located in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, and Jiangsu Province in China. The ingredients we use for the product formula are supplied by large international and national raw material companies. We also carry out functional testing and compatibility testing on the raw materials used for packaging of our products to ensure the quality of the ingredients. We conduct supplier visits and factory inspections to check whether the information they provide is accurate and reliable.
A strong and diversified management team
Our founders have extensive experience in various industries, including beauty, fashion, retail, and the internet industries. Our CEO and CTO each has over ten years of experience in the industry and plays essential roles in reaching out to potential customers. We believe that their experience, coupled with their profound understanding of the beauty industry and their passion and determination, make them effective business leaders. They are firmly committed to our mission and customer-oriented approach, helping more customers to solve skin problems.
Our Growth Strategies
Strengthening the development of own products
We plan to expand our partnership with scientific research institutions to develop new skincare raw materials and products. We also plan to expand the scope of services to existing customers and acquire new customers by continually making significant investments in R&D. We will continue to improve upon and expand our products and services offerings through our research and development and technology innovations. In the future, we will mainly focus on the development of small molecule peptide hydration penetration technology, as well as providing other products and technologies to solve the problem of skin moisture loss.
Intensifying our Training Practice
We plan to open vocational training schools offering beauty industry knowledge in inland China and western provinces of China, such as Guizhou Province and Ningxia Province. The purpose of the vocational training schools will be to provide professional training to our franchisee staff. We currently have 19 employees in directly owned stores and encourage our franchisees to equip each store with around five employees.
We have set up an internal training institute on beauty treatment to advance existing talents at the headquarters. We will also establish a set of complete on-the-job training system, where we partner with vocational and technical colleges to provide professional courses and textbooks and help students obtain professional qualification certificates of beautician.
Enhance our social media-based sales and marketing capabilities
We will continue to seek to improve brand awareness by using social media platforms, such as Douyin, RED and WeChat video, to promote our brand and attract potential future customers and franchisees.
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Improve supply chain capacity
In order to meet the rapidly growing customer demand, Park Ha Jiangsu has partnered with additional third-party manufacturers to increase production and shorten the wait time. We also plan to establish partnerships with third-party warehouse and distribution centers to support our businesses.
Seeking strategic investment, acquisition and other cooperation
We plan to evaluate and selectively seek strategic alliances, investment and acquisition opportunities in the beauty industry across China by investing in incubating product patents and acquiring supply chain partners and manufacturers, as part of our long-term goal to lower production costs and increase future profit margin.
Our Products
Our subsidiary Park Ha Jiangsu has developed a full range of “Park Ha” brand skincare products by collaborating with biological laboratories and supply chain systems to transform our technology and rich experience into cost-effective functional skincare products.
Our product line ranges from basic skin physical protection, exfoliation, and sebum film repairing to surface microecological balance and anti-aging. Our product line includes nearly 70 products divided into 10 series, covering almost all categories of the skincare industry. Our signature products “Little Blue Injection Serum” and series of freeze-dried powders have been well received by consumers. Our products mainly focus on small molecule peptide compositions, such as palmitoyl pentapeptide-3, palmitoyl tripeptide-1, acetyl hexapeptide-3, acetyl tetrapeptide-5, carnosine, etc. These substances have a strong permeability and can activate epidermal cells, replenish moisture and nutrients for the skin, stimulate and accelerate the synthesis of collagen, delivering various skincare effects. Our products are not medical graded products and have not been assessed by any medical regulatory authority.
Except for a third-party brand product “whitening and freckle removing freeze-dried powder”, all of our products are classified as “ordinary cosmetics” as defined in the Supervision Regulations, which are subject to filing requirements. As of the date of this prospectus, the filing with National Medical Products Administration for all of our products have been completed before they were marketed in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
1 |
PARKHA CLEAN AND BALANCED CLEANING GEL |
120ml |
Containing the filtrate of yeast fermentation products and quadruple hyaluronic acid, it replenishes skin moisture. Deep cleansing, cleansing pores, moisturizing and refreshing skin |
123 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
2 |
PARKHA CLEAN AND BALANCED CLEANING GEL |
500ml |
Containing the filtrate of yeast fermentation products and quadruple hyaluronic acid, it replenishes skin moisture. Deep cleansing, cleansing pores, moisturizing and refreshing skin |
293 |
All skin type |
|
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|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
3 |
PAPKHA FIBROIN ISOLATION REPAIR MILK |
30ml |
The texture is refreshing and non-greasy, providing a smooth and hydrating feel. It is easy to apply and blend, without easily smudging or coming off. It adheres closely to the skin, effectively concealing roughness and imperfections, brightening the complexion, and minimizing the appearance of pores. It gives the skin a radiant and translucent glow |
156 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
4 |
PARK HA POLYPEPTIDE PREESSENCE |
30ml |
It contains specially selected ingredients such as Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, which has repairing and moisturizing properties. It intensely repairs, firms, and brightens the skin. The rich and nourishing liquid texture soothes roughness and fine lines upon contact with the skin, making it appear smoother and more radiant |
188 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
5 |
PARKHA METABOLISM ENERGY ESSENCE WATER |
120ml |
The product has a fine and smooth texture that is easy to absorb and not sticky. It is formulated with ceramides and high-quality ingredients, combined with a filtrate of yeast fermentation products, to replenish skin moisture, moisturize and moisturize, leaving the skin delicate, hydrated and radiant |
268 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
6 |
PARK HA PERFECT MOISTURIZER CREAM |
50g |
It effectively and evenly nourishes the skin, making it hydrated and radiant. It moisturizes and locks in moisture while having a lightweight and non-greasy texture |
398 |
All skin type |
|
27
|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
7 |
PARKHA AOUA MOISTURIZING PEPRIDE-INFUSION ESSENCE |
2ml*10 bottle |
It contains a hydrating and nourishing essence that replenishes the skin’s moisture and nutrients, relieving dry and rough skin. It smoothens and softens the skin, leaving it hydrated and radiant |
397 |
Dry, mixed |
|
||||||
|
8 |
PARKHA AOUA MOISTURIZING PEPRIDE-INFUSION ESSENCE |
2ml*30 bottle |
It contains a hydrating and nourishing essence that replenishes the skin’s moisture and nutrients, relieving dry and rough skin. It smoothens and softens the skin, leaving it hydrated and radiant |
1191 |
Dry, mixed |
|
||||||
|
9 |
PARK HA GANODERMA MOISTURIZING CREAM |
50g |
Utilizing patented extraction technology of Ganoderma lucidum, it is pure and concentrated. It deeply nourishes and protects the skin’s foundation, caring for the skin’s barrier, resulting in a well-hydrated and plump complexion, while maintaining the stability of the skin’s condition |
298 |
Oily, combination to oily skin, acne-prone skin |
|
||||||
|
10 |
PARK HA MUSSEL MOISTURIZING ESSENCE LOTION |
120ml |
Containing essence of pearl and a variety of plant extracts, it nurtures and cares for the skin. It improves the dry, rough, and tight state of the skin, increases the skin’s moisture content, provides moisturizing care, and strengthens the skin, resulting in a translucent, radiant, and luminous complexion |
199 |
Oily, combination to oily skin, acne-prone skin |
|
28
|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
11 |
PARK HA LACTOSE ACID OIL CONTROL SERUM |
2ml*10 bottle |
Enriched with lactobionic acid tenderizing essence, it improves enlarged pores and rough skin texture. It combines various plant essences to gently rejuvenate the skin, balance the skin’s moisture and oil, and promote an even and radiant complexion |
459 |
Oily, combination to oily skin, acne-prone skin |
|
||||||
|
12 |
PARKHA COLLAGEN ENERGIZING & FIRMING ESSENCE |
3ml*10 bottle |
Using a firming formula to soften the skin, replenish moisture, enhance skin hydration, and improve dryness and roughness; Effectively enhance skin elasticity, improve skin sagging, gradually tighten your skin under daily care, make your skin delicate, smooth, and radiant with charming radiance |
619 |
All skin types, customers with anti-aging needs |
|
||||||
|
13 |
PARKHA COLLAGEN ENERGIZING & FIRMING ESSENCE |
30ml |
Using a firming formula to soften the skin, replenish moisture, enhance skin hydration, and improve dryness and roughness; Effectively enhance skin elasticity, improve skin sagging, gradually tighten your skin under daily care, make your skin delicate, smooth, and radiant with charming radiance |
449 |
All skin types, customers with anti-aging needs |
|
||||||
|
14 |
ANTI-AGING LIFTING GEL |
18g*10 piece |
Provides hydration and nutrients to the skin, repairs and rejuvenates the skin, making it soft, smooth, and firm |
339 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
15 |
YEAST AND PLANT EXTRACT FACIAL TONER |
3ml*10 bottle |
Contains plant extract essence that improves dry and rough skin, making the skin moisturized, tender, and radiant |
188 |
All skin type |
|
29
|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
16 |
YEAST AND PLANT EXTRACT FACIAL SET |
(3ml+7g)*10 |
It contains a variety of essences, with a natural and hydrating texture. It endows the facial skin with abundant moisture, as if forming a hydrating film on the skin surface. It deeply moisturizes and hydrates, improving the dry and rough condition of the skin caused by water shortage. It makes the skin refreshing, plump, and more moisturized, bringing a comfortable feeling of moisture. It presents a water-like, bright and shiny look, making the facial skin reveal a tender and bright luster, and creating a delicate, hydrated and charming skin |
567 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
17 |
YEAST ESSENCE SKIN TREATMENT MILK |
7g*10 |
Contain water replenishing and moisturizing essence, replenish skin moisture and nutrients, relieve dry and rough skin, smooth and tender and moisturize skin |
379 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
18 |
AQUA HYDRATING MASK |
28ml*10P |
Rich in various plant extracts and sodium hyaluronate, effectively improving dry and dehydrated skin. The face mask uses a thin and breathable sheet that adheres closely to the skin, providing hydration while improving dry skin, resulting in a refined and moisturized complexion |
158 |
All skin type |
|
30
|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
19 |
ACNE CLEAN TEA MASK |
28ml*10P |
The thin and breathable sheet adheres closely to the face, providing moisture while being gentle and translucent. It contains various plant extracts that help refine pores, refresh and cleanse the skin, improve skin hydration, and keep the skin moisturized, refreshed, smooth, and delicate |
199 |
Acne-prone oily skin |
|
||||||
|
20 |
PARKHA COLLAGEN BRIGHTENING ESSENCE MASK |
5piece |
The fermentation process contains a recombinant protein expressed by Pichia pastoris, which combines two patented skincare ingredients, glycyrrhizin and β — glucan, to care for beautiful skin, nourish and brighten the skin while increasing skin hydration. It helps improve skin problems such as dehydration, dryness, and roughness, making the skin delicate, translucent, smooth, and radiant |
268 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
21 |
PARKHA SHUIGUANG MASK |
28ml*10P |
It contains ingredients such as sodium hyaluronate and Sophora flavescens root extract, which provide the skin with essential nutrients and moisture, moisturize and hydrate, and care for the skin. It improves dryness and roughness of the skin, leaving it hydrated, radiant, and soft to the touch |
158 |
All skin type |
|
31
|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
22 |
PARKHA REVITALIZING ESSENTIAL MASK |
6P/box |
It contains ingredients such as sodium hyaluronate and Sophora flavescens root extract, which provide the skin with essential nutrients, deeply nourish, moisturize, and protect the skin. It also has excellent hydrating and water-locking properties, providing intensive hydration to the skin, improving dryness, and giving the skin a hydrated, radiant, and elastic appearance |
268 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
23 |
PARKHA REVITALIZING ESSENTIAL EYE CREAM |
15g |
It contains lavender extract from France, retinyl palmitate, and tocopherol (vitamin E), which repair the skin around the eyes, improve dullness, and diminish the appearance of dark circles and fine lines. It moisturizes the skin around the eyes, replenishes the moisture and nutrients needed for the eye area, leaving the skin around the eyes hydrated, radiant, firm, and elastic |
398 |
All skin type |
|
32
|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
24 |
WHITENING AND FRECKLE REMOVING FREEZE-DRIED POWDER |
(0.05g+3ml)*10 |
The texture is smooth and refreshing. It contains whitening and brightening ingredients such as 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid and tranexamic acid, effectively brightening the skin tone and making it fair and luminous. Alpha-arbutin helps reduce skin pigmentation and fade dark spots, resulting in a fair and radiant complexion. The extract of kava pepper (PIPER METHYSTICUM) leaves/roots/stems, in combination with imported cherry blossom (PRUNUS SPECIOSA) flower extract from Korea, provides a moisturizing, smooth, delicate, and soft sensory experience to the skin |
1430 |
For skin with whitening needs |
|
||||||
|
25 |
UMBILICAL CORD ESSENCE FREEZE-DRIED POWDER |
(0.05g+3ml)*10 |
The texture is smooth and easy to spread. It contains (animal) umbilical cord extract, which deeply nourishes the skin, leaving it hydrated and silky smooth |
1660 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
26 |
PARRHA EXTRACT RENEWAL ESSENCE OIL |
30ml |
Contains various botanical extracts such as white lotus flower and squalane, improving fine lines and wrinkles caused by skin dehydration, providing deep hydration. The synergistic effect of licorice fruit and Vitamin E enhances radiance, making the skin smooth and translucent |
228 |
All skin type |
|
33
|
NO. |
PRODUCT |
STANDARD |
FUNCTION |
RETAIL |
TARGET |
PICTURE |
||||||
|
27 |
PARK HA REVITALIZE EYE ESSENCE |
2ml*10 |
Moisturizes the skin, improves dryness and dehydration, provides intense hydration to the skin around the eyes, revitalizing and rejuvenating it with a fresh and hydrated appearance |
298 |
All skin type |
|
||||||
|
28 |
PARKHA LIGHT SENSE HUAN LIANG FREEZE DRIED POWDER |
(50mg+3ml)*10 |
The texture is smooth and refreshing. effectively brightening the skin and making it fair and luminous. Alpha-arbutin helps reduce skin pigmentation and fade dark spots, resulting in a fair and radiant complexion. provides a moisturizing, smooth, delicate, and soft sensory experience to the skin |
1430 |
For skin with whitening needs |
|
Risks and Challenges
There are complex risks and challenges associated with our business operation and brand development, including high costs of our marketing efforts, intense competition from similar businesses, and whether we can efficiently oversee our franchisees’ daily operations, among many others. Our management team has identified the following as the biggest risks and challenges the Company is facing:
1. Intense competition in the skincare industry. We face intense competition in the skincare industry. We believe it is crucial to establish our brand awareness and differentiate ourselves from our competitors in order to attract new franchisees and investors. Besides, consumers tend to be more loyal to brands that they are familiar with and trust. Having a strong brand presence would reinforce our credibility in the eyes of consumers, and thus leading to increased customer loyalty and higher chances of repeat purchases.
2. Limited resources and great challenges in building and maintaining a robust supply chain infrastructure. As a fast-growing company with a limited operating history, we have limited resources and face great challenges in building and maintaining a robust supply chain infrastructure to efficiently respond to consumer demand. Our Company has a concentration risk related to its suppliers. As such, we face an increased risk of supply chain disruptions due to our reliance on a limited number of suppliers. We believe the key to a robust supply chain system lies in maintaining a good relationship with our existing suppliers, ensuring our suppliers’ consistency in meeting our quality, quantity and delivery requirements, as well as diversifying our suppliers.
3. Challenges in maintaining product consistency and quality. Our business depends largely on the quality, effectiveness and safety of our products. Any loss of confidence on the part of consumers in the ingredients used in our products, whether related to product contamination or product safety or quality failures, actual or perceived, or inclusion of prohibited or restricted ingredients or an improper mixture of ingredients, could tarnish the image of our brand and could cause consumers to choose other products.
See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry” in our 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus for more information.
34
Our Customers
The majority of our customers are franchisees and retail customers in the skincare industry. For the six months ended April 30, 2025, none of the customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue. For the six months ended April 30, 2024, there were two customers who accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue and such customers accounted for approximately 14% and 15% of our total revenue, respectively. For the year ended October 31, 2024, two customers accounted for approximately 10% and 10% of our total revenue, respectively. For the year ended October 31, 2023, two customers accounted for approximately 10% or more of our total revenue, respectively and such customers accounted for approximately 10% and 10% of our total revenue, respectively.
As of April 30, 2025, the stores, including directly operated stores and franchisees, are mostly located in first-, second-, and third-tier cities in various provinces in China, including Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Hainan Province, Henan Province, Shanxi Province, Shandong Province, Liaoning Province, Guizhou Province, Shaanxi Province, Heilongjiang Province, Zhejiang Province, Tianjin Province, and Hebei Province.
As of April 30, 2025, we had about 8,000 customers in our directly operated stores, all of whom are retail customers. Our products and innovative digital marketing strategy are primarily targeted at young adults and middle-aged generations consisting of women with white-collared occupations. Our primary focus currently is on the female group living or working within 2-3 kilometers of the business district. According to the consumption survey report, 95% of our customers were women. In the future, we will also launch new brands that target male groups across all ages.
Our Suppliers
For the six months ended April 30, 2025, there were six suppliers who accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total purchases and such suppliers accounted for approximately 12%, 12%, 13%, 15%, 11% and 11% of our total purchase, respectively. For the six months ended April 30, 2024, there were four suppliers who accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total purchases and such suppliers accounted for approximately 19%, 16%, 12% and 10% of our total purchase, respectively. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, four suppliers accounted for approximately 15%, 11%, 10% and 11% of our total purchases, respectively. For the year ended October 31, 2023, there was one supplier who accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total purchases and such supplier accounted for approximately 58% of our total purchases.
Manufacture of Our Products
Park Ha Jiangsu engages and commissions third-party manufacturers to produce our products. The engagement specifies that the third-party manufacturers shall purchase raw materials from our designated raw material suppliers. Park Ha Jiangsu does not enter into direct contracts with raw material suppliers.
Pursuant to the Agreement of Commissioned Processing, the third-party manufacturers shall provide the formulas to be used in our products and a packaging material inspection report, produce a manufacture plan in written form, and manufacture and process our products that meet the relevant national standards, industry standards, and our requirements, as well as provide temporary storage of our products. The Agreement of Commissioned Processing also requires us to provide the third-party manufacturers with packaging materials that meet the requirements under applicable laws and regulations such as the Advertising Law and intellectual property regulations. However, given our reliance on our third-party manufacturers to provide us with the formulas for our products and that we do not own the formulas, if we fail to enforce such agreements and if our competitors engage the same manufacturers and introduce the same or similar products at a significantly lower price in the same markets that we operate in, our results of operations may be adversely affected.
Before sending a product for mass production, the third-party manufacturers produce the product samples. Park Ha Jiangsu will conduct internal tests and may improve the formula provided by the third-party manufacturers. In addition, Park Ha Jiangsu engages third-party testing agencies to conduct cosmetics safety testing.
Once the samples pass the third-party testing agency’s safety testing, Park Ha Jiangsu will coordinate with the third-party manufacturers to complete the record-filing with the NMPA.
35
Park Ha Jiangsu has entered into agreements with third-party manufacturers who are responsible for obtaining the raw ingredients for our products and for manufacturing them according to specific product formula used by the third-party manufacturers. We maintain control of the ingredients being used in the process and the quality of finished goods by providing a list of designated ingredients to the third-party manufacturers and carefully examining the products before accepting them. We store excess raw materials with the third-party manufacturers for future use. The third-party manufacturers have obtained and maintained licenses for cosmetic production.
Once the record-filing is completed, the third-party manufacturers will start manufacturing the products.
Distribution and Warehouse
The third-party manufacturers deliver the products to our warehouse and Park Ha Jiangsu ships products from the warehouse to the directly operated stores on an as-needed basis and ship products from the warehouse to the franchise stores pursuant to their orders.
Park Ha Jiangsu maintains a warehouse in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, PRC. Products produced and packaged by third-party manufacturers are delivered by third-party logistics companies directly from the production site to Park Ha Jiangsu’s warehouse. Park Ha Jiangsu pays for the freight. The warehouse stores the products in a dry environment and away from direct sunlight.
Our Stores
Our stores are generally located in commercial complexes in urban centers in China. As of the date of this prospectus, our three directly operated stores are located in Wuxi Xinwu Wanda Plaza, Jinlun Xingguang Mingzuo Life Plaza and Wuxi Baile Plaza, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, PRC, the areas of which are 66.30 square meters, 53.64 square meters and 44.00 square meters, respectively. Each of the directly operated stores has a product sample area and a product experience area. We sell our products in the stores and provide complimentary after-sales beauty services. As of the date of this prospectus, we have a total of 19 employees working in our three directly operated stores.
Digital Customer Engagement Strategy
We believe that Chinese consumers expect to have a more intimate product use experience offered by beauty brands on social media platforms. Many local skincare enterprises in China also promote their products by increasing their marketing investment in online communities, such as launching VR product trials, live online sales, social app advertising. Since 2020, “Park Ha” brand has established its own official account on various popular short video platforms in China including Douyin, RED, and WeChat Video, which has promoted its popularity among the beauty industry and consumers in China. Since 2022, “Park Ha” brand has launched a live channel on Douyin, which promotes products through live activities. By interacting directly with consumers through live streaming and cutting-edge marketing channels, providing instant and customized content access, we believe that the “Park Ha” brand has created a marketing model that is widely effective among beauty consumers in China.
Our Online to Offline(“O2O”) Model
We believe that we should leverage both e-commerce platforms and brick-and-mortar shops to create an omnichannel seamless shopping experience for our customers. Therefore, we constructed our Online-to-Offline (“O2O”) business model in January 2017. Specifically, we use various e-commerce strategies, such as click-and-collect service (i.e., offering our customers the option to purchase products online and pick them up in-store), and offering digital coupons to attract customers on social media platforms (e.g., Douyin and Meituan, two of the largest social media platforms in China) to visit our physical stores and encourage them to purchase our products. We also offer group-buying deals, which refers to a group of customers coming together to purchase products at discounted prices. We offer group-buying deals on social media platforms, including aforementioned platforms like Douyin and Meituan, and we would require a minimum number of purchasers for the discounted price to apply. We believe that our O2O Model has enabled us to reach a wider audience online, attract new customers, engage with customers across multiple channels, and increase sales while our customers can enjoy significant discounts and a seamless shopping experience.
Through holding events for customers to experience products under the “Park Ha” brand, stores promote and sell our skincare products. Our online order system is open to our franchisees to place orders.
36
We believe that through our physical stores, we have built a closer relationship with our customers to enhance their experience with Park Ha products. Generally, each of our physical stores has a prominent product trial area at the front of the store to showcase all of our products. We also train and employ several aestheticians to answer customers’ questions related to skin problems and provide skincare advice accordingly. The stores have set up a storage area for centralized storage of products and fulfillment of short-term orders from customers.

Quality Control
We have a comprehensive quality assurance program designed to ensure product quality and safety throughout the procurement and production cycle. Park Ha Jiangsu outsources our product manufacture process to third-party ingredients suppliers and manufacturers, who shall follow our guidelines and product formula in production. We have strict control over the ingredients choices and the quality of finished goods. Each batch of products will only be produced after we have examined the sample product from the third-party manufacturers and approved its quality. During the quality control process, we perform a series of functionality, stability, and compatibility tests on the designed packaging materials and product components under various strict conditions.
In addition, we implement a rigorous on-site audit program to ensure that third-party raw material suppliers comply with the product safety compliance standards in China. We take great care to ensure that third-party suppliers of raw materials share our commitment to quality and ethics. Given the experience of our third-party manufacturers in supplying high-end and luxury beauty brands around the world, they generally establish high-quality production standards to ensure that the product quality meets the stringent standards we set.
We ensure consistency in our manufacturing quality through regular on-site inspections and audits of third-party manufacturers and ingredients suppliers. We have a policy of terminating our cooperation with partners that do not meet our quality standards.
Our Delivery, Return and Exchange Policies
Our delivery policy is as follows: on the 15th and 30th of each month, free-of-charge deliveries of our products are made by Park Ha Jiangsu to various stores within the Wuxi urban area. Deliveries to stores outside the Wuxi urban area are sent through Deppon Logistics Express and SF Express.
Our return and exchange policy dictates that within three months from the delivery of the initial inventory listed for each store, products within their shelf life can be exchanged for other products of up to 10% of the total value. For products purchased at the stores within one month before the expiration of the warranty period, free returns and exchanges are accepted.
37
Our Competition
We compete with both established multinational and domestic brands, as well as smaller niche brands in both the PRC market and the global beauty market. Some of our largest competitors are Fanwenhua, DR PLANT, and Beauty Farm, each of whom has over 100 franchisees nationwide. They have a longer operating history and relatively higher market share than us, and have established brand recognition and a strong reputation in the market. Therefore, we may have trouble gaining visibility and credibility among consumers. Besides, larger and more established companies tend to benefit from economies of scale, which allows them to produce goods at lower costs per unit. This could result in pricing advantages, making it difficult for us to compete on price while maintaining profitability. We believe that we compete primarily based on perceived value, including pricing and innovation, product efficacy, service to the customer, promotional activities, advertising, special events, new product introductions, e-commerce initiatives, direct sales, and other activities. It is difficult for us to predict the timing, scale, and effectiveness of our competitors’ actions in these areas or the timing and impact of new entrants into the marketplace.
Insurance
We carry director and officer insurance for our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and directors. We will continue to review and assess our risk portfolio and make necessary and appropriate adjustments to our insurance practices to align with our needs and with industry practice in the markets in which we operate. We do not maintain any insurance to cover our assets, operations and any loss arising from business interruptions.
Seasonality
Our operating results historically have not been subject to seasonal variations.
Intellectual Property
Protecting our intellectual property is a priority of our business. We rely on trademarks, patents, and know-how, as well as contractual restrictions on information disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We have signed confidentiality agreements or clauses with our executives, certain customers, and suppliers, and rely on such confidentiality agreements or clauses and other protections of our technical knowledge to maintain our technological advantages in products and designs. As of the date of this prospectus, Park Ha Jiangsu and Xinzhan have a total of 21 registered trademarks, 12 registered patents, 5 registered copyrights, and 1 domain name. All of them are in China.
As we engage third-party manufacturers to manufacture our products on our behalf, we rely on the formulas provided by these third-party manufacturers commissioned by us. Under our current commissioned processing agreements with our third-party manufacturers, we do not own the formulas for our products. Given our reliance on our third-party manufacturers to provide us with the formulas for our products and that we do not own the formulas, if we fail to enforce such agreements and if our competitors engage the same manufacturers and introduce the same or similar products at a significantly lower price in the same markets that we operate in, our results of operations may be adversely affected.
Trademarks
The following table sets forth a brief description of Park Ha Jiangsu and Xinzhan’s trademarks as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are registered in China:
|
Trademark |
File Date |
Trademark |
Status |
Expiration |
Jurisdiction |
Owner |
||||||
|
40583272 |
2020/5/21 |
|
Granted |
2030.5.20 |
China |
Park Ha Jiangsu |
||||||
|
73621052 |
2024/2/28 |
|
Granted |
2034/2/27 |
China |
Park Ha Jiangsu |
||||||
|
19552102 |
2017/5/21 |
|
Granted |
2027.5.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
52389822 |
2021/12/21 |
|
Granted |
2031.12.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
52369491 |
2021/9/21 |
|
Granted |
2031.9.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
52374721 |
2021/9/21 |
|
Granted |
2031.9.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
52331512 |
2021/11/28 |
|
Granted |
2031.11.27 |
China |
Xinzhan |
38
|
Trademark |
File Date |
Trademark |
Status |
Expiration |
Jurisdiction |
Owner |
||||||
|
51586756 |
2021/8/14 |
|
Granted |
2031.8.13 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
51578063 |
2021/7/21 |
|
Granted |
2031.7.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
49183046 |
2021/8/21 |
|
Granted |
2031.8.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
44201869 |
2020/10/21 |
|
Granted |
2030.10.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
31045437 |
2019/5/21 |
|
Granted |
2029.5.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
31035182 |
2019/2/28 |
|
Granted |
2029.2.28 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
26363194 |
2018/9/28 |
|
Granted |
2028.9.27 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
25600575 |
2018/7/28 |
|
Granted |
2028.7.27 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
24916764 |
2018/6/21 |
|
Granted |
2028.6.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
24923602 |
2018/6/21 |
|
Granted |
2028.6.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
24919892 |
2018/6/21 |
|
Granted |
2028.6.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
19552028 |
2017/5/28 |
|
Granted |
2027.5.27 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
19552238 |
2017/5/28 |
|
Granted |
2027.5.27 |
China |
Xinzhan |
||||||
|
19552309 |
2017/5/21 |
|
Granted |
2027.5.20 |
China |
Xinzhan |
Patents
The following table sets forth a brief description of Park Ha Jiangsu’s utility model patents as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are registered in China:
|
Patent Number |
File Date |
Issue Date |
Expiration |
Title |
Status |
|||||
|
ZL202220091842.2 |
2022.1.13 |
2022.8.26 |
2032.1.12 |
A kettle type device for fine chemical reaction |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL20220087676.9 |
2022.1.13 |
2022.8.26 |
2032.1.12 |
A filter device for biofiltration |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL20220088104.2 |
2022.1.13 |
2022.8.26 |
2032.1.12 |
A high-efficiency chemical material mixing equipment for deep-processing reaction |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL202123449958.3 |
2021.12.31 |
2022.9.20 |
2031.12.30 |
A biological response kettle |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL202220087588.9 |
2022.1.13 |
2022.08.26 |
2032.1.12 |
A Natural Effective Ingredients Extraction Equipment |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL202223446372.6 |
2022.12.22 |
2023.3.21 |
2032.12.21 |
A biomass continuous dry distillation equipment |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL202222184931.4 |
2022.8.19 |
2023.10.20 |
2032.8.18 |
A biological denitrification equipment |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL202322585783.1 |
2023.9.22 |
2024.4.30 |
2033.9.21 |
A biomass pressing device |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL 2023 2 2299499.8 |
2023.8.25 |
2024.3.26 |
2033.8.24 |
A deep mixing bioreactor |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL 2023 2 2268335.9 |
2023.8.22 |
2024.3.26 |
2033.8.21 |
A cooling and screening device for biochemical applications |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL202210977506.2 |
2022.08.15 |
2024.05.24 |
2032.08.14 |
A biological nanofilm dust suppression device |
Effective |
|||||
|
ZL202322265294.8 |
2023.08.22 |
2024.05.24 |
2033.8.21 |
A biochemical experimental platform |
Effective |
39
Copyrights
The following table sets forth a brief description of Park Ha Jiangsu’s software copyrights as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are registered in China:
|
Copyright Number |
Issue Date |
Expiration |
Category |
Copyright Name |
Owner |
|||||
|
RZDZ NO. 8929556 |
2021.12.29 |
2071.12.29 |
Software |
A plant harmful component detection system basing on big data analysis V1.0 |
Park Ha Jiangsu |
|||||
|
RZDZ NO. 8929558 |
2021.12.29 |
2071.12.29 |
Software |
A microbial culture environment data analysis system |
Park Ha Jiangsu |
|||||
|
RZDZ NO. 8929557 |
2021.12.29 |
2071.12.29 |
Software |
An online trading system for biosynthetic prepared products based on block chain technology |
Park Ha Jiangsu |
|||||
|
RZDZ NO. 8934000 |
2021.12.29 |
2071.12.29 |
Software |
A bioactive substance synthesis system based on artificial intelligence technology |
Park Ha Jiangsu |
|||||
|
RZDZ NO. 8934001 |
2021.12.29 |
2071.12.29 |
Software |
An herbal essence extraction control system based on AI technology |
Park Ha Jiangsu |
Domain
Through Xinzhan, we currently have the right to use one domain name that is registered and issued in the PRC, as follows:
|
Number |
Domain Name |
Owner |
||
|
1 |
parkha.cn |
Xinzhan |
Our Properties and Facilities
Our principal executive offices are located in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. Information on our leased properties as of the date of this prospectus is summarized below:
|
Location |
Area |
Lease Term |
Purpose |
|||
|
Room 901, Building C, Phase 2, International Life Science Innovation Park, No. 196 Jinghui East Road, Xinwu District, Wuxi City |
290.00 |
1.1.2025 – 12.31.2025 |
Office |
|||
|
Building 3, No. 380 Jincheng East Road, Xinwu District, Wuxi |
180.00 |
9.18.2024 – 9.17.2025 |
Warehouse |
|||
|
Unit 3404, Building 52, Haiyue Garden, No. 196 Guanshan Road, Binhu District, Wuxi |
109.93 |
3.13.2023 – 3.12.2026 |
Employee Dormitory |
|||
|
Shop 3013-3-3, 3rd Floor, Wuxi Baile Plaza, No. 331 Sheng’an West Road, Wuxi |
44.00 |
8.1.2024 – 7.31.2029 |
Store |
|||
|
3 Qianwei Road, Jinlun Xingguang Mingzuo Life Plaza, Store #1094, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China |
53.64 |
11.1.2021 – 9.30.2027 |
Store |
|||
|
No. 31 & 33 Zhenze Road, Wanda Plaza, 3rd floor, #3050B, Xinwu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China |
66.30 |
10.1.2021 – 9.29.2025 |
Store |
|||
|
Total |
868.38 |
40
Our Employees
As of April 30, 2025, October 31, 2024 and 2023, we had a total of 38, 31, and 25 full-time employees in China, respectively. The breakdown of our employees is as follows:
|
Department |
As of |
|
|
Senior Management |
2 |
|
|
Warehouse Management |
1 |
|
|
Finance |
2 |
|
|
Research and Development |
1 |
|
|
Production & Procurement |
1 |
|
|
Sales and Marketing |
26 |
|
|
Human Resources & Administration |
2 |
|
|
General Affairs |
3 |
|
|
Total |
38 |
Our success depends on our ability to attract, motivate, train and retain qualified personnel. We believe we offer our employees competitive compensation packages and an environment that encourages self-development and, as a result, have generally been able to attract and retain qualified personnel and maintain a stable core management team.
As required by regulations in China, we participate in various mandatory employee social security plans that are organized by local governments, including social insurance, pension, unemployment insurance, childbirth insurance, work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, and housing insurance. We are required under PRC law to make contributions to employee benefit plans at specified percentages of the salaries, bonuses, and certain allowances of our employees, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government.
Our employees are not represented by a labor organization or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees and to date, we have not experienced any significant labor disputes.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings, investigations, and claims incidental to the conduct of our business. We record a liability when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not involved in any legal or administrative proceedings that may have a material adverse impact on our business, balance sheets or results of operations and cash flows other than as described herein.
41
For a description of major regulations that affect our business, please read “Item 4. Information on the Company — B. Business Overview — Regulations” in our 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
42
For a description of our management, please read “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees” in our 2024 Annual Report, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. There have been no material changes or developments to our management since the filing of our 2024 Annual Report, except as otherwise set forth in this prospectus.
On August 25, 2025, Mr. Da Yang tendered his resignation as an independent director of the Company, effective August 25, 2025. Please read our report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on August 25, 2025, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
43
For our related party transaction during the year ended October 31, 2024, please read “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” in our 2024 Annual Report; For our related party transaction for the six months ended April 30, 2025, please read “Note 12 — Related Party Transactions” in our report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on August 26, 2025, which both are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
44
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our Ordinary Shares as of the date of this prospectus by:
• each of our directors and executive officers who beneficially owns our Ordinary Shares;
• each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our Ordinary Shares; and
• all directors and executive officers as a group.
The information presented below regarding beneficial ownership of our voting securities has been presented in accordance with the rules of the SEC and is not necessarily indicative of ownership for any other purpose. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally requires that such person have voting or investment power with respect to securities. The percentage of beneficial ownership by any person as of a particular date is calculated by dividing the number of shares beneficially owned by such person, which includes the number of shares as to which such person has the right to acquire voting or investment power within sixty (60) days, by the sum of the number of shares outstanding as of such date, plus the number of shares as to which such person has the right to acquire voting or investment power within sixty (60) days. Consequently, the denominator used for calculating such percentage may be different for each beneficial owner. Except as otherwise indicated below and under applicable community property laws, we believe that the beneficial owners of our shares listed below have sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares shown.
Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes, the address of each person listed on the table is 901, Building C, Phase 2, Wuxi International Life Science Innovation Campus, 196 Jinghui East Road, Xinwu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China.
|
|
Ordinary Shares beneficially |
Ordinary Shares beneficially |
|||||||
|
Number |
% |
Number |
% |
||||||
|
Directors and Named Executive Officers: |
|
||||||||
|
Xiaoqiu Zhang, Chief Executive Officer and Director(3) |
19,050,000 |
56.09 |
% |
19,050,000 |
|||||
|
Li Wang, Director |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
||||
|
Xiaoyan Zhu, Chief Financial Officer |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
||||
|
Xinyu Li, Product Manager, Chief Technology Officer |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
||||
|
Yanan Shan, Independent Director |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
||||
|
Qixiong Sheng, Independent Director |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
||||
|
Xiaozhong Yu, Independent Director |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
||||
|
Da Yang, Independent Director |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
||||
|
All executive officers and directors as a group (8 persons) |
19,050,000 |
56.09 |
% |
19,050,000 |
|||||
|
5% or Greater Shareholders: |
|
||||||||
|
Xiaoqiu Holding Ltd(3) |
19,050,000 |
56.09 |
% |
19,050,000 |
|||||
|
Changxin International Limited Partnership(4) |
2,500,000 |
7.38 |
% |
2,500,000 |
|||||
____________
(1) Calculation based on 33,874,403 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. Holders of Ordinary Shares are entitled to one (1) vote per share.
(2) Based on [*] Ordinary Shares that will be issued and outstanding after this offering, assuming the sales of all of the securities in this offering.
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(3) Xiaoqiu Holding Ltd, a company formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, of which Xiaoqiu Zhang is the sole shareholder and director, holds 19,050,000 Ordinary Shares. In addition, Xiaoqiu Zhang is deemed the beneficial owner of the 19,050,000 Ordinary Shares held by Xiaoqiu Holding Ltd.
(4) Changxin International Limited Partnership, a company formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, of which Li Wang, Xiaoyan Zhu and Guozhen Liu are limited partners. Under the “rule of three,” if voting and dispositive decisions regarding an entity’s securities are made by three or more individuals, and voting and dispositive decisions require approval of a majority of those individuals, then none of the individuals is deemed a beneficial owner of the entity’s securities. Therefore, none of the individual members of the board of directors of Changxin International Limited partnership is a beneficial owner and each such member disclaims beneficial ownership of Changxin International Limited partnership.
46
Park Ha Cayman was incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability under the laws of the Cayman Islands and our affairs are governed by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time (the “Articles”), and the Companies Act (as amended) of the Cayman Islands, or the “Cayman Islands Companies Act.” A Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability:
• is a company that conducts its business mainly outside the Cayman Islands;
• is prohibited from trading in the Cayman Islands with any person, firm or corporation except in furtherance of the business of the exempted company carried on outside the Cayman Islands (and for this purpose can effect and conclude contracts in the Cayman Islands and exercise in the Cayman Islands all of its powers necessary for the carrying on of its business outside the Cayman Islands);
• does not have to hold an annual general meeting;
• does not have to make its register of members open to inspection by shareholders of that company;
• may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation;
• may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;
• may register as a limited duration company; and
• may register as a segregated portfolio company.
“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on that shareholder’s shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).
Our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association
The following are summaries of material provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and the Cayman Islands Companies Act insofar as they relate to the material terms of our Ordinary Shares.
Ordinary Shares
All of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Our Ordinary Shares are issued in registered form, and are issued when registered in our register of members. Unless the board of directors determine otherwise, each holder of our Ordinary Shares will not receive a certificate in respect of such Ordinary Shares. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and exercise voting rights on their Ordinary Shares. We may not issue shares or warrants to bearer.
On June 29, 2024, the Company effected a forward split of our Ordinary Shares at a ratio of 1-for-5. Our authorized share capital is US$50,000 divided into 2,500,000,000 Ordinary Shares, par value US$0.00002 per share. Subject to the provisions of the Cayman Islands Companies Act and the Articles, and directions given by any ordinary resolution and the rights attaching to any class of existing shares, the directors have general and unconditional authority to issue, allot, grant options over or otherwise dispose of shares to such persons, at such times and on such terms as they may determine. Such authority could be exercised by the directors to allot shares which carry rights and privileges that are preferential to the rights attached to Ordinary Shares. The directors may refuse to accept any application for shares, and may accept any application in whole or in part, for any reason or for no reason.
As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital is US$50,000, divided into 2,500,000,000 Ordinary Shares of par value of US$0.00002 each. All of our shares to be issued in the offering will be issued as fully paid. There are 33,874,403 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this prospectus.
Listing
Our Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “PHH.”
47
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for our Ordinary Shares is Transhare Corporation.
Dividends
Subject to the provisions of the Cayman Islands Companies Act and the Articles, the directors may declare dividends or distributions out of our funds which are lawfully available for that purpose.
Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our Company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. The directors when paying dividends to shareholders may make such payment either in cash or in specie.
No dividend shall bear interest as against the Company.
Voting Rights
Subject to any rights or restrictions as to voting attached to any shares and the Articles, unless any share carries special voting rights, on a show of hands every shareholder who is present in person, by its duly authorized representative or by proxy shall have one vote. On a poll, every shareholder shall have one vote for every share of which he is the holder.
Variation of Rights of Shares
If at any time our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may be varied either (a) by, or with the approval of, the directors without the consent of the holders of the shares of the affected class if the directors determine that the variation or abrogation is not materially adverse to the interests of those shareholders, or (b) with the consent in writing of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a separate general meeting of the holders of that class of share, provided that the necessary quorum for such meeting shall be one or more persons holding or representing by proxy one-third of the issued shares of the class, and at which any holder of shares of the class present in person or by proxy may demand a poll.
Unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of any class, the rights conferred on the holders of shares of that class shall not be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with that class.
Alteration of Share Capital
Subject to the Cayman Islands Companies Act, our shareholders may, by ordinary resolution:
(a) increase our share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such amount, and with such rights, privileges, priorities and restrictions attached to them as prescribed by that ordinary resolution;
(b) consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing shares;
(c) subject to the Cayman Islands Companies Act, sub-divide our shares or any of them into shares of smaller amounts than that fixed; and
(d) cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of that ordinary resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person.
Subject to the Cayman Islands Companies Act and the Articles, we may, by special resolution of our shareholders, reduce the share capital of the Company and any capital redemption reserve in any manner.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture
The directors may, from time to time, make calls on the shareholders in respect of some or all of any monies unpaid on their shares, whether in respect of par value or the premium payable on those shares, and each shareholder shall (subject to receiving at least 14 days’ notice specifying the time or times of payment), pay to us at the time or
48
times so specified the amount called on his shares. The directors may revoke or postpone a call at any time. The joint holders of a share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls in respect of the share and the holder or joint holders of a share at the time of a call shall remain liable to pay the call on that share, notwithstanding any subsequent transfer of the share being registered by the Company. If a sum called in respect of a share is not paid before or on the day appointed for payment of that call, the shareholder from whom it is due and payable shall pay interest on the sum at such rate as the directors may determine (which may be the rate fixed by the terms of allotment of the share or in the notice of the call or if no rate is fixed, or such other rate as the directors determine) from the day appointed for payment of the call to the time of the actual payment. The directors may, at their discretion, waive payment of the interest in full or in part.
We have a first and paramount lien on every share (whether or not it is a fully paid share). The lien is for all monies, whether presently payable or not, called or payable at a fixed time in respect of that share and for all debts, liabilities or other obligations owed, whether presently or not, by the shareholder or by one or more joint shareholders or by any of their estates to the Company.
At any time, the directors may declare any share to be wholly or in part exempt from the lien on shares provisions of the Articles. Our lien, if any, on a share shall extend to all distributions payable on it.
Unclaimed Dividend
Any dividend that remains unclaimed after a period of six years from the date of declaration of such dividend shall be forfeited and revert to the Company.
Forfeiture or Surrender of Shares
If a shareholder fails to pay any call or instalment of a call in respect of shares on the day appointed for payment, the directors may serve a notice on such shareholder naming a further date not earlier than the expiration of 14 days from the date of service on or before which the payment required by the notice is to be made and containing a statement that in the event of non-payment the shares, or any of them, will be liable to be forfeited.
If the requirements of such notice are not complied with, we may forfeit the shares together with any distributions declared payable in respect of the forfeited shares and not paid at any time before tender of payment.
A forfeited share may be sold or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the directors think fit, and at any time before a sale or disposition the forfeiture may be cancelled on such terms as the directors think fit. The proceeds of any sale or disposition of the forfeited Share may be received and used by us as the directors determine.
A person whose shares have been forfeited shall cease to be a shareholder in respect of the forfeited shares, but shall, notwithstanding such forfeit, remain liable to pay to us all monies which at the date of forfeiture were payable by him to us in respect of the shares, together with interest.
Share Premium Account
The directors shall establish a share premium account and shall carry the credit of such account from time to time to a sum equal to the amount or value of the premium paid on the issue of any share or capital contributed or such other amounts required by the Cayman Islands Companies Act.
Redemption and Purchase of Own Shares
Subject to the Cayman Islands Companies Act and to the rights attaching to any class of shares, we may by our directors:
(a) issue shares on terms that they are to be redeemed or liable to be redeemed, at our option or the shareholder holding those redeemable shares, on such terms and in such manner the directors may, before the issue of those shares, determine;
(b) purchase our own shares (including any redeemable shares) on such terms and in such manner as the directors determine;
49
(c) make a payment in respect of the redemption or purchase of its own Shares in any manner permitted by the Companies Act including out of capital; and
(d) permit the surrender of fully paid Shares for no consideration.
When making payments in respect of redemption or purchase of shares, the directors may make such payments in cash or in kind if so authorized by the terms of issue of those shares or with the agreement of the holder of those shares.
Transfer of Shares
The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of an ordinary share until the name of the transferee is entered on the register of members of the Company.
Where the shares in question are not listed on or subject to the rules of Nasdaq, shares are transferable, subject to the consent of our board of directors who may, in their absolute discretion, refuse to consent to any transfer and decline to register the transfer without giving any reason.
If our directors refuse to register a transfer of a share, they are required, within two months after the date on which the transfer was lodged, to notify the transferee of the refusal.
Inspection of Books and Records
Holders of our Ordinary Shares will have no general right under the Cayman Islands Companies Act to inspect or obtain copies of our register of members or our corporate records. Under Cayman Islands law, the names of our current directors can generally be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands.
General Meetings
All general meetings other than annual general meetings shall be called extraordinary general meetings. We may but are not obliged to hold an annual general meeting.
Any director may convene general meetings at such times and in such manner and places within or outside the Cayman Islands as the director considers necessary or desirable. General meetings shall also be convened by any one or more of our directors on the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise 10% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requisitioned. Such written request must state the objects of the meeting and must be signed by the shareholders requisitioning the meeting. The written request must be lodged at our registered office in the Cayman Islands and may be delivered in counterpart. If the directors do not proceed to convene a general meeting within 21 days of the written request to requisition a meeting being lodged the requisitionists, or any of them together holding at least half of the voting rights of all of them, may convene the general meeting in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which a general meeting may be convened by a director. Where the requisitionists fail to convene the general meeting within three months of their right to convene the meeting arising, the right to convene the general meeting shall lapse.
The director convening a general meeting shall give not less than seven days’ notice of a general meeting to those shareholders whose names on the date the notice is given appear as members in our register of members and are entitled to vote at the meeting. Such director shall also give such notice to each of the directors.
A general meeting held in contravention of the requirement to give notice is valid if shareholders holding at least 90% of the total voting rights on all the matters to be considered at the meeting have waived notice of the meeting and, for this purpose, the presence of a shareholder at the meeting shall constitute waiver in relation to all the shares which that shareholder holds.
A general meeting is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are present in person, through their authorized representative or by proxy two or more shareholders entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at the meeting, except where there is only one shareholder entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholder to be considered at the meeting in which case the quorum shall be one shareholder. Where a quorum
50
comprises a single shareholder or proxy, such person may pass a resolution of shareholders and a certificate signed by such person accompanied where such person be a proxy by a copy of the proxy instrument shall constitute a valid resolution of shareholders.
If, within two hours from the time appointed for the general meeting, a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of shareholders, shall be dissolved. In any other case it shall stand adjourned to the next business day in the jurisdiction in which the meeting was to have been held at the same time and place or to such other time and place as the directors may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting the shareholders present shall be a quorum.
The chairman may, with the consent of the meeting at which a quorum is present, adjourn any meeting from time to time, and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place.
At any general meeting the chairman is responsible for deciding in such manner as considered appropriate whether any resolution proposed has been carried or not and the result of the decision shall be announced to the meeting and recorded in the minutes of the meeting. If the chairman has any doubt as to the outcome of the vote on a proposed resolution, he shall cause a poll to be taken of all votes cast upon such resolution and the result shall be announced to the meeting and recorded in the minutes of the meeting. The minutes of the meeting shall be conclusive evidence of the fact that a resolution was carried or not without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against such resolution.
Preferred Shares
Pursuant to our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, our directors have the authority to issue shares and other securities of the Company with such preferred, deferred or other special rights, restrictions or privileges whether with regard to voting, distributions, a return of capital, or otherwise and in such classes and series, if any, as the directors may determine. We do not currently have plans to issue any preferred shares.
Directors
We may by ordinary resolution impose a maximum or minimum number of directors required to hold office at any time and vary such limits from time to time. Under the Articles, we are required to have a minimum of one director.
A director may be appointed by ordinary resolution or by the directors. Any appointment may be to fill a vacancy or as an additional director.
The directors shall be entitled to such remuneration as the directors may determine.
We may in general meeting fix a minimum shareholding required to be held by a director, but unless and until so fixed a director is not required to hold shares.
A director may be removed by ordinary resolution or by a resolution of our directors.
Subject to the provisions of the articles, the office of a director shall be vacated if:
(a) he gives notice in writing to the Company that he resigns the office of director; or
(b) he absents himself (without being represented by an alternate director appointed by him) from three consecutive meetings of the board of directors without special leave of absence from the directors, and they pass a resolution that he has by reason of such absence vacated office; or;
(c) he dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors generally;
(d) he is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; or;
(e) all the other directors (being not less than two in number) resolve that he should be removed as a director;
51
Each of the compensation committee and the nominating and corporate governance committee shall consist of at least three directors and the majority of the committee members shall be independent within the meaning of the NASDAQ corporate governance rules. The audit committee shall consist of at least three directors, all of whom shall be independent within the meaning of the NASDAQ corporate governance rules and will meet the criteria for independence set forth in Rule 10A-3 or Rule 10C-1 of the Exchange Act.
Powers and Duties of Directors
Subject to the provisions of the Cayman Islands Companies Act and our amended and restated memorandum and articles and any directions given by ordinary resolution, our business and affairs shall be managed by, or under the direction or supervision of, the directors. The directors shall have all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business and affairs of the Company as are not by the Cayman Islands Companies Act, our amended and restated memorandum and articles or the terms of any special resolution required to be exercised by the shareholders. No alteration of our amended and restated memorandum and articles or any direction given by ordinary or special resolution shall invalidate any prior act of the directors that was valid at the time undertaken.
The directors may delegate any of their powers to any committee consisting of one or more directors. They may also delegate to any managing director or director holding any other executive office such of their powers as they consider desirable to be exercised by him provided that an alternate director may not act as managing director and the appointment of a managing director shall automatically terminate if he ceases to be a director. Any such delegation may be made subject to any conditions the directors may impose and may be revoked or altered. Subject to any such conditions, the proceedings of a committee of directors shall be governed by the Articles regulating the proceedings of directors, so far as they are capable of applying.
The directors may establish any committees, local boards or agencies or appoint any person to be a manager or agent for managing the affairs of the Company and may appoint any person to be a member of such committees or local boards. Any such appointment may be made subject to any conditions the directors may impose, and may be revoked or altered. Subject to any such conditions, the proceedings of any such committee, local board or agency shall be governed by the Articles regulating the proceedings of directors, so far as they are capable of applying.
The directors may by power of attorney or otherwise appoint any company, firm, person or body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the directors, to be the attorney or authorized signatory of the Company for such purpose and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the directors under the Articles) and for such period and subject to such conditions as they may think fit, and any such powers of attorney or other appointment may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorneys or authorized signatories as the directors may think fit and may also authorize any such attorney or authorized signatory to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him.
The directors may appoint such officers as they consider necessary on such terms, at such remuneration and to perform such duties, and subject to such provisions as to disqualification and removal as the directors may think fit. Unless otherwise specified in the terms of his appointment an officer may be removed by the directors.
The directors may exercise all the powers of the Company to incur indebtedness, liabilities or obligations and to issue debentures, debenture stock, mortgages, bonds and other such securities and to secure indebtedness, liabilities or obligations whether of the Company or of any third party.
No person shall be disqualified from the office of director or alternate director or prevented by such office from contracting with the Company, either as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract or any other contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which any director or alternate director shall be in anyway interested be or be liable to be avoided, nor shall any director or alternate director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company for any profit realized by any such contract or transaction by reason of such director holding office or of the fiduciary relation thereby established. A director (or his alternate director in his absence) shall be at liberty to vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is interested provided that the nature of the interest of any director or alternate director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote thereon. A general notice that a director or alternate director is a shareholder, director, officer or employee of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interested in any transaction with such firm or company shall be sufficient disclosure for the purposes of voting on a resolution in respect of a contract or transaction in which he has an interest, and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction.
52
Capitalization of Profits
The directors may capitalize any sum standing to the credit of any of the Company’s reserve accounts (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve) or to the credit of profit and loss account or otherwise available for distribution and appropriate such sum to shareholders in the proportions in which such sum would have been divisible amongst them had the same been a distribution of profits by way of dividend and apply such sum on their behalf in paying up in full unissued shares for issue, allotment and distribution credited as fully paid-up to and amongst them in the proportions aforesaid. In such event the directors may make such provisions as they think fit in the case of shares becoming distributable in fractions.
Liquidation Rights
The shareholders may, subject to the Articles and any other sanction required by the Cayman Islands Companies Act, pass a special resolution allowing the Company to be wound up voluntarily. If the Company shall be wound up, and the assets available for distribution amongst the shareholders shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the share capital, such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them. If in a winding up the assets available for distribution amongst the shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst the shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to the Company for unpaid calls or otherwise, without prejudice to the rights of holders of shares issued upon special terms and conditions.
Register of Members
Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, we must keep a register of members and there should be entered therein:
• the names and addresses of our shareholders, together with a statement of the shares held by each shareholder, such statement shall confirm (i) the amount paid or agreed to be considered as paid, on the shares of each shareholder; (ii) the number and category of shares held by each member, and (iii) whether each relevant category of shares held by a member carries voting rights under the articles of association of the company, and if so, whether such voting rights are conditional;
• the date on which the name of any person was entered on the register as a shareholder; and
• the date on which any person ceased to be a shareholder.
Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, the register of members of our Company is prima facie evidence of the matters set out therein (that is, the register of members will raise a presumption of fact on the matters referred to above unless rebutted) and a shareholder registered in the register of members is deemed as a matter of the Cayman Islands Companies Act to have legal title to the shares as set against its name in the register of members. Upon the completion of this offering, the register of members will be immediately updated to record and give effect to the issuance of shares by us to the custodian or its nominee. Once our register of members has been updated, the shareholders recorded in the register of members will be deemed to have legal title to the shares set against their name.
If the name of any person is incorrectly entered in or omitted from our register of members, or if there is any default or unnecessary delay in entering on the register the fact of any person having ceased to be a shareholder of our company, the person or shareholder aggrieved (or any shareholder of our company or our company itself) may apply to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for an order that the register be rectified, and the Court may either refuse such application or it may, if satisfied of the justice of the case, make an order for the rectification of the register.
Differences in Corporate Law
The Cayman Islands Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of the United Kingdom but does not follow recent United Kingdom statutory enactments, and accordingly there are significant differences between the Cayman Islands Companies Act and the current Companies Act of the United Kingdom. In addition, the Cayman Islands Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their
53
shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain significant differences between the provisions of the Cayman Islands Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware in the United States.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements
The Cayman Islands Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies provided that the laws of the foreign jurisdiction permit such merger or consolidation. For these purposes, (1) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company and (2) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (1) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (2) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette.
Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is affected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders. For this purpose, a subsidiary is a company of which at least 90% of the issued shares entitled to vote are owned by the parent company.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest of a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.
Except in certain limited circumstances, a dissenting shareholder of a Cayman Islands constituent company is entitled to payment of the fair value of his or her shares upon dissenting from a merger or consolidation. The exercise of such dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, except for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
In addition, the Cayman Islands Companies Act contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by (a) at least a majority in number of the creditors or class of creditors, who must, in addition, represent at least three-fourths in value of each such creditors or class of creditors; and/or (b) shareholders or a class of shareholders representing at least three-fourths in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, in each case that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands (the “Grand Court”). While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
(a) the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;
(b) the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;
(c) the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and
(d) the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Cayman Islands Companies Act.
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The Cayman Islands Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholders upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court, but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, or if a takeover offer is made and accepted, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
Shareholders’ Suits and Protection of Minority Shareholders.
In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company and as a general rule, a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English law authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Grand Court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule derived from the seminal English case of Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto, which limits the circumstances in which a shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the company or a personal action to claim loss which is reflective of loss suffered by the company) which permit a minority shareholder to commence a class action against, or derivative actions in the name of, a company to challenge the following acts in the following circumstances:
• a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires;
• the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and
• those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”
In the case of a company (not being a bank) having its share capital divided into shares, the Grand Court may, on the application of members holding not less than one fifth of the shares of the company in issue, appoint an inspector to examine the affairs of the company and to report thereon in such manner as the Grand Court shall direct.
Any of our shareholders may petition the Grand Court which may make a winding up order if the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands is of the opinion that it is just and equitable that we should be wound up and cease doing business. Alternatively, the Grand Court may make an order: (1) regulating the conduct of our affairs; (2) requiring us to refrain from doing or continuing an act complained of by the shareholder petitioner or to do an act which the shareholder petitioner has complained we have omitted to do; (3) authorizing civil proceedings to be brought in our name and on our behalf by the shareholder petitioner on such terms as the Grand Court may direct; or (4) providing for the purchase of the shares of any of our shareholders by other shareholders or us and, in the case of a purchase by us, a reduction of our capital accordingly.
Generally, claims against us must be based on the general laws of contract or tort applicable in the Cayman Islands or individual rights as shareholders as established by our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against the consequences of committing a crime, or against the indemnified person’s own fraud or dishonesty. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for liabilities incurred in their capacities as such as a result of any act or failure to act unless such losses or damages arise from their own actual fraud or willful default. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.
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Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties
Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, directors of a Cayman Islands company owe fiduciary duties to the company. Under Cayman Islands law, directors and officers owe the following fiduciary duties: (i) a duty to act in good faith in what the director or officer believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; (ii) a duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; (iii) a duty not to improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; (iv) a duty to exercise powers fairly as between different classes of shareholders; (v) a duty to exercise independent judgment; and (vi) a duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests. In fulfilling their duty of care to our company, our directors must ensure compliance with our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time.
A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, there are indications that English and Commonwealth courts are moving towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.
Shareholder Proposals
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. The Delaware General Corporation Law does not provide shareholders an express right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, but in keeping with common law, Delaware corporations generally afford shareholders an opportunity to make proposals and nominations provided that they comply with the notice provisions in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
The Cayman Islands Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our articles provide that general meetings may also be convened by any one or more of our directors on the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise 10% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requisitioned. Such written request must state the objects of the meeting and must be signed by the shareholders requisitioning the meeting. The written request must be lodged at our registered office in the Cayman Islands and may be delivered in counterpart. If the directors do not proceed to convene a general meeting within 21 days of the written request to requisition a meeting being lodged the requisitionists, or any of them together holding at least half of the voting rights of all of them, may convene the general meeting in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which a general meeting may be convened by a
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director. Where the requisitionists fail to convene the general meeting within three months of their right to convene the meeting arising, the right to convene the general meeting shall lapse. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obligated by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.
Cumulative Voting
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for election of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. As permitted under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, our articles do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Subject to the provisions of our articles (which include the removal of a director by ordinary resolution), the office of a director may be vacated if: (a) he gives notice in writing to the Company that he resigns the office of director; or (b) he absents himself (without being represented by an alternate director appointed by him) from three consecutive meetings of the board of directors without special leave of absence from the directors, and they pass a resolution that he has by reason of such absence vacated office; or; (c) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors generally; (d) he is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; or; (e) the other directors (being not less than two in number) resolve that he should be removed as a director.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders
The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation or bylaws that is approved by its shareholders, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock or who or which is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and owned 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
The Cayman Islands Companies Act has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although the Cayman Islands Companies Act does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, under Cayman Islands law such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
Dissolution; Winding Up
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board of directors.
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Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act and our articles, the Company may be wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders, or if the winding up is initiated by our board of directors, by either a special resolution of our members or, if our company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of our members. In addition, a company may be wound up by an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.
Variation of Rights of Shares
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act and our articles, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, the rights attaching to any class of share (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may be varied either with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the holders of shares of the class present in person or by proxy at a separate general meeting of the holders of shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s certificate of incorporation may be amended only if adopted and declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, and the bylaws may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote and may, if so provided in the certificate of incorporation, also be amended by the board of directors. Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, our articles may only be amended by special resolution of our shareholders.
Anti-money Laundering — Cayman Islands
In order to comply with legislation or regulations aimed at the prevention of money laundering, we may be required to adopt and maintain anti-money laundering procedures, and may require subscribers to provide evidence to verify their identity and source of funds. Where permitted, and subject to certain conditions, we may also delegate the maintenance of our anti-money laundering procedures (including the acquisition of due diligence information) to a suitable person.
We reserve the right to request such information as is necessary to verify the identity of a subscriber. In some cases the directors may be satisfied that no further information is required since an exemption applies under the Anti-Money Laundering Regulations (Revised) of the Cayman Islands, as amended and revised from time to time (the “Regulations”). Depending on the circumstances of each application, a detailed verification of identity might not be required where:
• the subscriber makes the payment for their investment from an account held in the subscriber’s name at a recognized financial institution; or
• the subscriber is regulated by a recognized regulatory authority and is based or incorporated in, or formed under the law of, a recognized jurisdiction; or
• the application is made through an intermediary which is regulated by a recognized regulatory authority and is based in or incorporated in, or formed under the law of a recognized jurisdiction and an assurance is provided in relation to the procedures undertaken on the underlying investors.
For the purposes of these exceptions, recognition of a financial institution, regulatory authority, or jurisdiction will be determined in accordance with the Regulations by reference to those jurisdictions recognized by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority as having equivalent anti-money laundering regulations.
In the event of delay or failure on the part of the subscriber in producing any information required for verification purposes, we may refuse to accept the application, in which case any funds received will be returned without interest to the account from which they were originally debited.
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We also reserve the right to refuse to make any redemption payment to a shareholder if our directors or officers suspect or are advised that the payment of redemption proceeds to such shareholder might result in a breach of applicable anti-money laundering or other laws or regulations by any person in any relevant jurisdiction, or if such refusal is considered necessary or appropriate to ensure our compliance with any such laws or regulations in any applicable jurisdiction.
If any person resident in the Cayman Islands knows or suspects or has reason for knowing or suspecting that another person is engaged in criminal conduct or is involved with terrorism or terrorist property and the information for that knowledge or suspicion came to their attention in the course of their business in the regulated sector, or other trade, profession, business or employment, the person will be required to report such knowledge or suspicion to (i) a nominated officer (appointed in accordance with the Proceeds of Crime Act (as amended) of the Cayman Islands) or the Financial Reporting Authority of the Cayman Islands, pursuant to the Proceeds of Crime Act (as amended), if the disclosure relates to criminal conduct or money laundering or (ii) to a police constable or a nominated officer (pursuant to the Terrorism Act (as amended of the Cayman Islands) or the Financial Reporting Authority, pursuant to the Terrorism Act (as amended), if the disclosure relates to involvement with terrorism or terrorist financing and terrorist property. Such a report shall not be treated as a breach of confidence or of any restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by any enactment or otherwise.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING
We are offering up to 11,428, 571 Ordinary Shares, along with Warrants to purchase up to 11,428, 571 Ordinary Shares. Each Ordinary Share is being sold together with a Warrant to purchase one Ordinary Share. The Ordinary Shares and accompanying Warrants will be issued separately. We are also registering the Ordinary Shares issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Warrants offered hereby.
Ordinary Shares
The material terms and provisions of our Ordinary Shares are described under the caption “Description of Share Capital” in this prospectus.
Warrants
The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Warrants offered hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by the form of Warrant, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions set forth in the form of Warrant.
Duration and Exercise Price. The Warrants offered hereby will have an exercise price of $[ ] per share. The Warrants will be immediately exercisable upon issuance and will be exercisable for [ ] years from the date of issuance. The exercise price and number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise are subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of stock dividends, stock splits, reorganizations or similar events affecting our Ordinary Shares and the exercise price. The Warrants will be issued in certificated form only.
Exercisability. The Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part, by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice accompanied by payment in full for the number of Ordinary Shares purchased upon such exercise (except in the case of a cashless exercise as discussed below). A holder (together with its affiliates) may not exercise any portion of such holder’s Warrants to the extent that the holder would own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding Ordinary Shares immediately after exercise, except that upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us, the holder may increase the amount of ownership of outstanding Ordinary Shares after exercising the holder’s Warrants up to 9.99% of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Warrants. Purchasers in this offering may also elect prior to the issuance of Warrants to have the initial exercise limitation set at 9.99% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares.
Exercise Price. The exercise price for the Warrants initially will be $[ ] per Ordinary Share. The exercise price is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain Ordinary Share dividends and distributions, Ordinary Share splits, Ordinary Share combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our Ordinary Shares and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our shareholders.
Cashless Exercise. If at the time of exercise of the Warrants there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the resale of the Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, then the Warrants will only be exercisable on a “cashless exercise” basis under which the holder will receive upon such exercise a net number of Ordinary Shares determined according to a formula set forth in the Warrants.
Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, the Warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.
No Listing. There is no established public trading market for the Warrants and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Warrants on any securities exchange or trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Warrants will be limited.
Fundamental Transactions. [In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Warrants and generally including any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our Ordinary Shares, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares, or any person or group becoming the
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beneficial owner of more than 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding Ordinary Shares, the holders of the Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction without regard to any limitations on exercise contained in the Warrants.]
Rights as a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our Ordinary Shares, the holder of a Warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our Ordinary Shares, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the Warrant.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Lock-up Agreements
See “Plan of Distribution — Lock-up Agreements.”
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, once we have been subject to the public company reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act for at least 90 days, persons who are not our affiliates and have beneficially owned our Ordinary Shares for more than six months but not more than one year may sell such Ordinary Shares without registration under the Securities Act subject to the availability of current public information about us. Persons who are not our affiliates and have beneficially owned our Ordinary Shares for more than one year may freely sell our Ordinary Shares without registration under the Securities Act. Persons who are our affiliates (including persons beneficially owning 10% or more of our outstanding shares), and have beneficially owned our Ordinary Shares for at least six months, may sell within any three-month period a number of restricted securities that does not exceed the greater of the following:
• 1% of the then outstanding Ordinary Shares; or
• the average weekly trading volume of the Ordinary Shares during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale on Form 144 is filed with the SEC by such person.
Such sales are also subject to manner-of-sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us. In addition, in each case, these shares would remain subject to any applicable lock-up arrangements and would only become eligible for sale when the lock-up period expires.
Rule 701
Beginning 90 days after we became a reporting company, persons other than affiliates who purchased ordinary shares under a written compensatory plan or other written agreement executed prior to the completion of this offering may be entitled to sell such shares in the United States in reliance on Rule 701 under the Securities Act, or Rule 701. Rule 701 permits affiliates to sell their Rule 701 shares under Rule 144 without complying with the holding period requirements of Rule 144.
Rule 701 further provides that non-affiliates may sell these shares in reliance on Rule 144 subject only to its manner-of-sale requirements. However, the Rule 701 shares would remain subject to any applicable lock-up arrangements and would only become eligible for sale when the lock-up period expires, if any.
Regulation S
Regulation S provides generally that sales made in offshore transactions are not subject to the registration or prospectus-delivery requirements of the Securities Act.
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The following summary of the material Cayman Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Ordinary Shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this registration statement, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in the Ordinary Shares, such as the tax consequences under U.S. state and local tax laws or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands, the People’s Republic of China and the United States. To the extent that the discussion relates to matters of Cayman Islands tax law, it represents the opinion of Ogier, our Cayman Islands counsel; to the extent it relates to PRC tax law, it is the opinion of Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm, our PRC counsel.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Ordinary Shares and Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
The Cayman Islands enacted the International Tax Co-operation (Economic Substance) Act (2021 Revision) together with the Guidance Notes published by the Cayman Islands Tax Information Authority from time to time. The Company is required to comply with the economic substance requirements from July 1, 2019 and make an annual report in the Cayman Islands as to whether or not it is carrying on any relevant activities and if it is, it must satisfy an economic substance test.
People’s Republic of China Taxation
Under the EIT Law, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. Under the implementation rules to the EIT Law, a “de facto management body” is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and properties of an enterprise.
In April 2009, State Administration of Taxation (the “SAT”) issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore-Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or SAT Circular 82, which was amended in December 2017, specifies that certain offshore incorporated enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups will be classified as PRC resident enterprises if the following are located or resident in the PRC: (a) senior management personnel and departments that are responsible for daily production, operation and management; (b) financial and personnel decision making bodies; (c) key properties, accounting books, company seal, minutes of board meetings and shareholders’ meetings; and (d) half or more of the senior management or directors having voting rights. Further to SAT Circular 82, the SAT issued SAT Circular 45, which took effect in September 2011 and was last amended in June 2018, to provide more guidance on the implementation of SAT Circular 82. SAT Circular 45 provides for procedures and administration details of determination on resident status and administration on post-determination matters. Our Company is a company incorporated outside of the PRC. As a holding company, its key assets are its ownership interests in its subsidiaries, and its key assets are located, and its records (including the resolutions of its board of directors and the resolutions of its shareholders) are maintained, outside of the PRC. As such, we do not believe that our Company meets all of the conditions above and as a result we do not believe our Company is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. For similar reasons, we believe our other entities outside of China are also not PRC resident enterprises. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” There can be no assurance that the PRC regulatory authority will ultimately take a view that is consistent with us. If the PRC tax authorities determine
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that our Cayman Islands holding company is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. For example, a 10% withholding tax would be imposed on dividends we pay to our non-PRC enterprise shareholders, if such shareholders do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC, or if they have such establishment or place of business in the PRC but the relevant income is not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends have their sources within the PRC. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders may be generally subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10% on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid to our non-PRC individual shareholders and any gain realized on the transfer of the Ordinary Shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 20% (which, in the case of dividends, may be withheld at source). These rates may be generally reduced by an applicable tax treaty, but it is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to obtain the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise.
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
WE RECOMMEND POTENTIAL PURCHASERS OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE PERSONAL TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRANSACTION, WHICH MAY VARY.
The following discussion is a summary of U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of the Ordinary Shares by a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that acquires the Ordinary Shares in this offering and holds the Ordinary Shares as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based upon existing U.S. federal tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion, moreover, does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift, Medicare, and alternative minimum tax considerations, or any state, local and non-U.S. tax considerations, relating to the ownership or disposition of the Ordinary Shares. The following summary does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances or to persons in special tax situations such as:
• banks and other financial institutions;
• insurance companies;
• pension plans;
• cooperatives;
• regulated investment companies;
• real estate investment trusts;
• broker-dealers;
• traders that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting;
• certain former U.S. citizens or long-term residents;
• tax-exempt entities (including private foundations);
• holders who acquire their Ordinary Shares pursuant to any employee share option or otherwise as compensation;
• investors that will hold their Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
• investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar;
• persons holding their Ordinary Shares in connection with a trade or business conducted outside the United States;
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• persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our stock (by vote or value); or
• partnerships or other entities taxable as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or persons holding the Ordinary Shares through such entities, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those discussed below.
General
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of the ordinary that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
• an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
• a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created in or organized under the law of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
• an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or
• a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more U.S. persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has otherwise validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person under the Code.
If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding the Ordinary Shares and their partners are recommended to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in the Ordinary Shares.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder of Ordinary Shares will generally be treated as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares represented by the Ordinary Shares. The remainder of this discussion assumes that a U.S. Holder of the Ordinary Shares will be treated in this manner. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of Ordinary Shares for Ordinary Shares will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
A non-U.S. corporation, such as our Company, will be a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, if either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, cash and assets readily convertible into cash are generally categorized as a passive asset and the company’s goodwill and other unbooked intangibles are taken into account. Passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the assets and earning a proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.
After the restructure that was completed in July, 2023, our PRC Subsidiaries are now an indirect subsidiary of the Company. Based upon our current and projected income and assets, including the expected proceeds from this offering, and projections as to the value of our assets (which are based on the expected market price of the Ordinary Shares immediately following this offering), we do not expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future. However, no assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC is a factual determination made annually that will depend, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. Fluctuations in the market price of the Ordinary Shares may cause us to be or become a PFIC for the current or future taxable years because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and unbooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market price of the Ordinary Shares from time to time (which may be volatile). In estimating the value of our goodwill and other unbooked intangibles, we have taken into account our anticipated market capitalization immediately following the close of this offering. Among other matters, if our market capitalization is less than anticipated or subsequently declines, we may be or become a PFIC for the current or future taxable years. The composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in this offering. Under circumstances where our revenue
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from activities that produce passive income significantly increases relative to our revenue from activities that produce non-passive income, or where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of being or becoming a PFIC may substantially increase. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules, and because our PFIC status is an annual factual determination, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.
If we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares.
The discussion below under “Dividends” and “Sale or Other Disposition” is written on the basis that we will not be or become a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply generally if we are treated as a PFIC are discussed below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”
Dividends
Any cash distributions paid on the Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any PRC tax withheld) out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, will generally be includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Ordinary Shares, in the case of Ordinary Shares. Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles, any distribution we pay will generally be treated as a “dividend” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received on the Ordinary Shares will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from U.S. corporations.
Individuals and other non-corporate U.S. Holders will be subject to tax at the lower capital gain tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income”; provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including that (1) the Ordinary Shares on which the dividends are paid are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or, in the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC tax law, we are eligible for the benefit of the United States-PRC income tax treaty (the “Treaty”), (2) we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to a U.S. Holder (as discussed below) for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid and the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period and other requirements are met. We have applied to list the Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Provided that this listing is approved, we believe that the Ordinary Shares will generally be considered to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. There can be no assurance that the Ordinary Shares will continue to be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in later years. Because the Ordinary Shares will not be listed on a U.S. exchange, we do not believe that dividends received with respect to Ordinary Shares that are not represented by Ordinary Shares will be treated as qualified dividends. Non-corporate U.S. Holders are recommended to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to the Ordinary Shares.
In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (see “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the Treaty. If we are eligible for such benefits, dividends we pay on our Ordinary Shares, regardless of whether such shares are represented by the Ordinary Shares, and regardless of whether the Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, would be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation described in the preceding paragraph, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met and that we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to a U.S. Holder for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid and the preceding taxable year.
For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid on the Ordinary Shares generally will be treated as income from foreign sources and generally will constitute passive category income. In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a U.S. Holder may be subject to PRC withholding taxes on dividends paid on the Ordinary Shares (see “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”). Depending on the U.S. Holder’s particular facts and circumstances and subject to a number of complex conditions and limitations, PRC withholding taxes on dividends that are non-refundable under the Treaty may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. A U.S. Holder who does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for foreign tax withheld may instead claim a deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in respect of such withholding, but only for a year in which such holder elects to do so for all creditable foreign income taxes. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and U.S. Holders are recommended to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.
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Sale or Other Disposition
A U.S. Holder will generally recognize gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the disposition and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such Ordinary Shares. The gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. Any capital gain or loss will be long term if the Ordinary Shares have been held for more than one year. The deductibility of a capital loss may be subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that the U.S. Holder recognizes will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes, which may limit the availability of foreign tax credits. However, in the event we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and PRC tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition of the Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the Treaty may elect to treat such gain as PRC source income. If a U.S. Holder is not eligible for the benefits of the Treaty or fails to make the election to treat any gain as foreign source, then such U.S. Holder may not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any PRC tax imposed on the disposition of the Ordinary Shares unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against United States federal income tax due on other income derived from foreign sources in the same income category (generally, the passive category). Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the tax consequences if a foreign tax is imposed on a disposition of the Ordinary Shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under its particular circumstances.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, and unless the U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election (as described below), the U.S. Holder will generally be subject to special tax rules on (i) any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder (which generally means any distribution paid during a taxable year to a U.S. Holder that is greater than 125 percent of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Ordinary Shares), and (ii) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition including, under certain circumstances, a pledge, of Ordinary Shares. Under the PFIC rules:
• the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Ordinary Shares;
• the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable years in the U.S. Holder’s holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we are a PFIC (each, a “pre-PFIC year”) will be taxable as ordinary income; and
• the amount allocated to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year, will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that year, increased by an additional tax equal to the interest on the resulting tax deemed deferred with respect to each such taxable year.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, and any of our subsidiaries is also a PFIC (a “lower-tier PFIC”), such U.S. Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. U.S. Holders are recommended to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.
As an alternative to the foregoing rules, a U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election with respect to such stock. If a U.S. Holder makes this election with respect to the Ordinary Shares, the holder will generally (i) include as ordinary income for each taxable year that we are a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of Ordinary Shares held at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such Ordinary Shares and (ii) deduct as an ordinary loss the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the Ordinary Shares over the fair market value of such Ordinary Shares held at the end of the taxable year, but such deduction will only be allowed to the extent of the amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Ordinary Shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting from the mark-to-market election. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election in respect of the Ordinary Shares and we cease to be a PFIC, the holder will not be required to take into account the gain or loss described above during any period that we are not a PFIC. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election, any gain such U.S. Holder
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recognizes upon the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares in a year when we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but such loss will only be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.
The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable United States Treasury regulations. We anticipate that the Ordinary Shares should qualify as being regularly traded, but no assurances may be given in this regard.
Because a mark-to-market election cannot technically be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect to such U.S. Holder’s indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We do not intend to provide information necessary for U.S. Holders to make qualified electing fund elections which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from (and generally less adverse than) the general tax treatment for PFICs described above.
If a U.S. Holder owns the Ordinary Shares during any taxable year that we are a PFIC, the holder must generally file an annual IRS Form 8621. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the Ordinary Shares if we are or become a PFIC.
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Pursuant to a placement agency agreement to be entered prior to this agreement (the “Placement Agency Agreement”), we will engage FT Global Capital, Inc. to act as our exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering to solicit offers to purchase the Securities offered by this prospectus on a reasonable best-efforts basis, subject to the terms and conditions of the Placement Agency Agreement. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any of our securities, nor is it required to arrange for the purchase and sale of any specific number or dollar amount of such securities, other than to use their “reasonable best efforts,” to arrange for the sale of such securities by us. The terms of this offering are subject to market conditions and negotiations between us, the placement agent, and prospective investors. The Placement Agency Agreement does not give rise to any commitment by the placement agent to purchase any of our securities, and the placement agent will have no authority to bind us by virtue of the Placement Agency Agreement. Further, the placement agent does not guarantee that it will be able to raise new capital in any prospective offering. The placement agent may engage sub-agents or selected dealers to assist with this offering.
We will enter into a securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) directly with each investor in connection with this offering and we may not sell the entire amount, or any amount, of securities offered pursuant to this prospectus. The form of the Securities Purchase Agreement is included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. We have agreed to indemnify the investors against certain losses resulting from our breach of any of our representations, warranties, or covenants under agreements with the purchasers as well as under certain other circumstances described in the Securities Purchase Agreement.
We will deliver to the investors the Ordinary Shares and Warrants, upon closing and receipt of investor funds for the purchase of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus. We intend to complete one closing of this offering, but may undertake one or more additional closings for the sale of additional securities to the investors in the initial closing. We expect to hold an initial closing on [•], 2025, but the offering will be terminated by [•], 2025, provided that the closing(s) of the offering for all of the securities have not occurred by such date, and may be extended by written agreement of the Company and the placement agent. Any extensions or material changes to the terms of the offering will be contained in an amendment to this prospectus. We expect initial delivery of up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares, and warrants to purchase up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares being offered pursuant to this prospectus against payment in U.S. dollars will be made on or about [•], 2025.
Commissions and Expenses
The following table shows the total placement agent’s commissions we will pay in connection with the sale of the securities in this offering, assuming the purchase of all of the securities we are offering.
|
Per Share and |
Per Pe-Funded |
Total |
||||||
|
Public offering price |
$ |
$ |
||||||
|
Placement agent commissions |
$ |
$ |
||||||
|
Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
$ |
$ |
||||||
We have agreed to pay to the placement agent commissions equal to 7.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse the placement agent for its non-accountable expenses up to $45,000 and for its legal expenses, up to $65,000.
We estimate the total expenses payable by us for this offering to be approximately $[•], which amount includes (i) a placement agent’s commissions of $[•], assuming the purchase of all of the securities we are offering; (ii) the placement agent’s non-accountable expense allowance in the amount of $45,000 in connection with this offering; and (iii) legal expenses of approximately $65,000 associated with the offering of our securities.
In addition, we agreed to pay additional compensation to the placement agent in the form of the placement agent warrants to purchase that number of shares which equals 5.0% of the aggregate number of the Ordinary Shares sold in this offering at an exercise price of $[•] per share. The placement agent warrants and the underlying shares may be deemed to be compensation by FINRA, and therefore will be subject to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1). In accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1), neither the placement agent warrants nor any of our Ordinary Shares issued upon exercise
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of the placement agent warrants may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities by any person, for a period of 180 days immediately following the commencement date of sales in this offering, subject to certain exceptions. The placement agent warrants to be received by the placement agent and related persons in connection with this offering: (i) fully comply with lock-up restrictions pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1); and (ii) fully comply with transfer restrictions pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2).
Lock-Up Agreements
Our directors, executive officers, and beneficial owners of 5% or more of our outstanding Ordinary Shares will enter into lock-up agreements. Under these agreements, these parties have agreed, subject to specified exceptions, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, hypothecate, pledge, or otherwise dispose of any Ordinary Shares or securities convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, our Ordinary Shares for a period of [_] days after the date of this prospectus without the prior consent of the placement agent.
Notwithstanding these limitations, our securities may be transferred under limited circumstances, including by gift, will, or intestate succession.
Tail Financing
The placement agent shall be entitled to the cash fee and placement agent warrants set forth above with respect to the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of any public or private offering or other financing or capital-raising transaction of any kind (each, a “Tail Financing”) to the extent that such financing or capital is provided to the Company by parties contacted by the placement agent directly and indirectly, and such Tail Financing is consummated within 12 months after the expiration or termination of the Placement Agency Agreement.
Securities Issuance Standstill
In addition, we have agreed that for a period of ninety (90) days from the closing of this offering, subject to certain exemptions, we will not (a) offer, sell, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any capital shares of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for capital shares of the Company; or (b) file or caused to be filed any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any capital shares of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for capital shares of the Company.
Listing
Our Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “PHH.” There is no established public trading market for the Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. We do not plan to list the Warrants on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other securities exchange or trading market.
Regulation M
The placement agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act and any fees received by it and any profit realized on the sale of the securities by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting commissions under the Securities Act. The placement agent will be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act including, without limitation, Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of the securities by the placement agent. Under these rules and regulations, the placement agent may not (i) engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and (ii) bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until they have completed their participation in the distribution.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent and registrar for the Ordinary Shares is Transhare Corporation.
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Other Relationships
From time to time, the placement agent may provide, various advisory, investment, and commercial banking and other services to us in the ordinary course of business, for which it may receive customary fees and commissions. However, except as disclosed in this prospectus, we have no present arrangements with the placement agent for any services. We have agreed to indemnify the placement agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. If we are unable to provide this indemnification, we will contribute to payments that the placement agent may be required to make for these liabilities.
Selling Restrictions
No action may be taken in any jurisdiction other than the United States that would permit a public offering of the Securities or the possession, circulation, or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. Accordingly, our securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, and neither the prospectus nor any other offering material or advertisements in connection with our securities may be distributed or published in or from any country or jurisdiction except under circumstances that will result in compliance with any applicable laws, rules, and regulations of any such country or jurisdiction.
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EXPENSES RELATED TO THIS OFFERING
Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses, excluding placement agent commissions that we expect to incur in connection with this offering. With the exception of the SEC registration fee and the FINRA filing fee, all amounts are estimates.
|
SEC Registration Fee |
$ |
||
|
FINRA Filing Fee |
$ |
||
|
Printing Expenses |
$ |
||
|
Legal Fees and Expenses |
$ |
||
|
Miscellaneous |
$ |
|
|
|
Total |
$ |
|
We will bear these expenses incurred in connection with the offer and sale of the securities.
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We are being represented by Concord & Sage PC with respect to certain legal matters as to U.S. federal securities law. The validity of the Ordinary Shares offered in this offering and certain legal matters as to Cayman Islands law will be passed upon for us by Ogier. Legal matters as to PRC law will be passed upon for us by Jiangsu Junjin law Firm. ArentFox Schiff LLP is acting as counsel to the Placement Agent in connection with this offering.
The consolidated financial statements as of October 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, and for each of the fiscal years in the period then ended incorporated by reference into this prospectus from our 2024 Annual Report, have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of WWC, P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm in auditing and accounting. The office of WWC, P.C. is located at 2010 Pioneer Court, San Mateo, CA 94403.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1, including relevant exhibits and schedules under the Securities Act, covering the securities offered by this prospectus. You should refer to our registration statements and their exhibits and schedules if you would like to find out more about us and about the securities offered hereby. This prospectus summarizes material provisions of contracts and other documents that we refer you to. Since the prospectus may not contain all the information that you may find important, you should review the full text of these documents.
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. All information filed with the SEC can be inspected over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
MATERIAL CHANGES
Except as otherwise described in the 2024 Annual Report, in our reports of foreign issuer on Form 6-K filed or submitted under the Exchange Act and incorporated by reference herein, and as disclosed in this prospectus or the applicable prospectus supplement, no reportable material changes have occurred since October 31, 2024.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” into this prospectus certain information we file with the SEC. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein, or in any subsequently filed document, which is incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such earlier statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.
We hereby incorporate by reference into this prospectus the following documents: The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. We incorporate by reference in this prospectus the documents listed below:
• our 2024 Annual Report filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025;
• our report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on August 25, 2025;
• our report of foreign private issuer on Form 6-K filed with the SEC on August 26, 2025;
• the description of our securities contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on December 26, 2024, the description of securities contained in the exhibit 2.2 to the 2024 Annual Report filed with the SEC on February 24, 2025.
The information relating to us contained in this prospectus does not purport to be comprehensive and should be read together with the information contained in the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
As you read the above documents, you may find inconsistencies in information from one document to another. If you find inconsistencies between the documents and this prospectus, you should rely on the statements made in this prospectus. All information appearing in this prospectus is qualified in its entirety by the information and financial statements, including the notes thereto, contained in the documents incorporated by reference herein.
Copies of all documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to those document unless such exhibits are specially incorporated by reference in this prospectus, will be provided at no cost to each person, including any beneficial owner, who receives a copy of this prospectus on the written or oral request of that person made to:
Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Address: 901, Building C,
Phase 2, Wuxi International Life Science Innovation Campus,
196 Jinghui East Road
Xinwu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province
+86 400 012 7562
Attention: Email: ir@parkha.cn, Company Contact Person
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained or incorporated in this prospectus by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document containing the information.
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Up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares
Warrants to Purchase up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares
Up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Shares underlying such Warrants

Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Prospectus dated , 2025

PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 6. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against the consequences of committing a crime, or against the indemnified person’s own fraud or dishonesty. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provides that every director, alternate director or officer shall be indemnified out of the assets of the Company against any liability incurred by him as a result of any act or failure to act in carrying out his functions other than such liability (if any) that he may incur by his own actual fraud or willful default.
To the extent permitted by law, we may make a payment, or agree to make a payment, whether by way of advance, loan or otherwise, for any expenses, including legal costs, incurred by an existing or former director, alternate director or officer in defending any legal, administrative or investigative proceedings in respect of any matter identified above on the condition that such person must repay the amount paid by us to the extent that we are ultimately found not liable to indemnify such person(s) for the relevant expenses.
The Placement Agency Agreement, the form of which will be filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration Statement, will also provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
ITEM 7. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.
During the past three years, we have issued the following securities. We believe that each of the following issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Rule 901 of Regulation S under the Securities Act regarding sales by an issuer in offshore transactions, or Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act regarding transactions not involving a public offering. No underwriters were involved in these issuances of securities.
On October 11, 2022, we issued 5,000,000 Ordinary Shares in connection with the incorporation of the Company pursuant to the exemptions from registration under Rule 901 of Regulation S and Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act. In particularly, we issued one Ordinary Share to Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, which was transferred to Xiaoqiu Holdings Limited thereafter. On the same day, we issued (i) 3,810,000 Ordinary Shares to Xiaoqiu Holdings Limited, (ii) 500,000 Ordinary Shares to Changxin International Limited Partnership, (iii) 240,000 Ordinary Shares to Jinling International Holdings Limited, (iv) 225,000 Ordinary Shares to Mengqi Holding Ltd., and (v) 225,000 Ordinary Shares to Yangjie International Holding Ltd.
On June 29, 2024, the Company effected a forward split of our Ordinary Shares at a ratio of 1-for-5. As a result, as of the date of this prospectus, we are authorized to issue 2,500,000,000 Ordinary Shares and we have 33,874,403 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding.
In December 2024, the Company completed its IPO of 1,200,000 Ordinary Shares at a price of $4.00 per share. The total gross proceeds received from the IPO was US$4.8 million. Our Ordinary Shares began trading on December 27, 2024 on Nasdaq under the symbol “PHH.” On January 22, 2025, the then representative of the underwriters of the IPO exercised the over-allotment option partially to purchase an additional 174,403 Ordinary Shares. The Company received $697,612 in gross proceeds from the partial exercise of the over-allotment option, before deducting underwriting discounts and other estimated expenses payable by the Company. The closing of the over-allotment option under the IPO took place on January 24, 2025.
On March 5, 2025, the Company issued 3,000,000 Ordinary Shares under the 2025 Share Incentive Plan.
On July 14, 2025, the Company issued 4,500,000 Ordinary Shares under the Amended and Restated 2025 Share Incentive Plan.
II-1
ITEM 8. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a) Exhibits
See “Exhibit Index” beginning on page II-4 of this registration statement.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules have been omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the data is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
ITEM 9. UNDERTAKINGS.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the Placement Agent at the closing specified in the Placement Agency Agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the Placement Agent to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 6, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
provided, however, that: Paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
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(3) That for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof, as required by Item 512(a)(2) of Regulation S-K.
(4) That for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(5) That for the purpose of determining any liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
(iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
(iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
(6) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering, as required by Item 512(a)(3) of Regulation S-K.
(7) To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by Item 8.A of Form 20-F at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering, as required by Item 512(a)(4) of Regulation S-K.
II-3
Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
|
1.1** |
Form of Placement Agency Agreement |
|
|
3.1 |
||
|
4.1 |
||
|
4.2* |
||
|
4.3* |
||
|
5.1* |
Opinion of Ogier regarding the validity of the Ordinary Shares |
|
|
5.2* |
Opinion of Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm regarding certain PRC law matters |
|
|
10.1 |
||
|
10.2 |
||
|
10.3 |
||
|
10.4 |
||
|
10.5 |
||
|
10.6 |
||
|
14.1 |
||
|
14.2 |
||
|
14.3 |
||
|
21.1* |
||
|
23.1* |
Consent of WWC, P.C., Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
|
|
23.2* |
||
|
23.3* |
Consent of Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm (included in Exhibits 5.2) |
|
|
101.INS* |
Inline XBRL Instance Document |
|
|
101.SCH* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
|
|
101.CAL* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
|
|
101.DEF* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
|
|
101.LAB* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
|
|
101.PRE* |
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
|
|
104 |
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
|
|
107* |
____________
* Filed herewith.
** To be filed by amendment.
II-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Jiangsu, China, on September 19, 2025.
|
Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. |
||||
|
By: |
/s/ Xiaoqiu Zhang |
|||
|
Name: |
Xiaoqiu Zhang |
|||
|
Title: |
Chief Executive Officer |
|||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on September 19, 2025.
|
Signature |
Title |
|
|
/s/ Xiaoqiu Zhang |
Chief Executive Officer and Director |
|
|
Name: Xiaoqiu Zhang |
(Principal Executive Officer) |
|
|
/s/ Xiaoyan Zhu |
Chief Financial Officer |
|
|
Name: Xiaoyan Zhu |
(Principal Accounting Officer) |
|
|
/s/ Xinyu Li |
Chief Technology Officer |
|
|
Name: Xinyu Li |
||
|
/s/ Li Wang |
Director |
|
|
Name: Li Wang |
||
|
/s/ Yanan Shan |
Director |
|
|
Name: Yanan Shan |
||
|
/s/ Qixiong Sheng |
Director |
|
|
Name: Qixiong Sheng |
||
|
/s/ Xiaozhong Yu |
Director |
|
|
Name: Xiaozhong Yu |
II-5
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of America, has signed this registration statement thereto in New York, NY on September 19, 2025.
|
Authorized U.S. Representative |
||||
|
By: |
/s/ Colleen A. De Vries |
|||
|
Name: |
Colleen A. De Vries |
|||
|
Title: |
Senior Vice-President on behalf of |
|||
II-6
Exhibit 4.2
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of September [●], 2025, between Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd., a Cayman Islands business company (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).
WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:
ARTICLE I.
DEFINITIONS
1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:
“Acquiring Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.
“Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York are generally are open for use by customers on such day.
“Closing” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.
“Closing Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date hereof.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Company Counsel” means Concord & Sage PC, with offices located at 1360 Valley Vista Dr Suite 140, Diamond Bar, CA 91765.
“Disclosure Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.
“Disclosure Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.
“Evaluation Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) Ordinary Shares or options to employees, officers, consultants or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, before or after the date hereof, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company; (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities; and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.12(a) herein, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.
“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Indebtedness” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).
“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).
“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.
2
“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).
“Material Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).
“Ordinary Shares” means the ordinary shares of the Company, par value $0.00002, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Ordinary Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Ordinary Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares.
“Per Share Purchase Price” equals $[●], subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Ordinary Shares that occur after the date of this Agreement.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Placement Agent” means FT Global Capital, Inc.
“Preliminary Prospectus” means the preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the time the Registration Statement is declared effective.
“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Prospectus” means the final prospectus filed under the Registration Statement complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act.
“Purchaser Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.
“Registration Statement” means means the effective registration statement with the Commission on Form F-1 (File No. 333-[●]), as amended, including all information, documents and exhibits filed with or incorporated by reference into such registration statement, which registers the sale of the Securities and includes any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.
“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Rule 462(b) Registration Statement” means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional Securities, which was filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.
3
“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Securities” means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Shares” means the Ordinary Shares issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.
“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing Ordinary Shares).
“Subscription Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares and Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.
“Subsequent Financing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(a).
“Subsequent Financing Notice” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(b).
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, and the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means means [●] the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of [●] and an email address of [●], and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“Variable Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b).
“Warrants” means, collectively, the Ordinary Shares purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2 hereof, which Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to [●] years, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.
“Warrant Shares” means the Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.
4
ARTICLE II.
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1 Closing. On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase (and hereby subscribe for), up to an aggregate of $[●] of Shares and Warrants. On the Closing Date, (i) each Purchaser shall pay its respective Subscription Amount to the Company as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser for the Shares and the Warrants to be issued and sold to such Purchaser at Closing, by wire transfer of immediately available funds in accordance with the Company’s written wire instructions set forth in Section 2.2(iii), and (ii) the Company shall (A) cause the Transfer Agent via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) to deliver Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, (B) deliver to each Purchaser the Warrant such Purchaser is purchasing at such Closing, in each case, duly executed on behalf of the Company and registered in the name of such Purchaser or its designee and (C) deliver to each such Purchaser the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of Placement Agent counsel or such other location as the parties shall mutually agree.
2.2 Deliveries.
(a) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:
(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;
(ii) a legal opinion of Company Counsel, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers addressed to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers;
(iii) the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;
(iv) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;
(v) a copy of the lockup agreement in the form of Exhibit C hereof (the “Lock-Up Agreement”), by and between the Company and the shareholders listed on Schedule 2.2(a)(4) attached hereto (which, for the avoidance of doubt, must include all officers, directors and 5% or more holders of Ordinary Shares) (the “Shareholders”), duly executed by the parties thereto;
(vi) a Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of Ordinary Shares equal to [●]% of such Purchaser’s Shares, with an exercise price equal to $[●], subject to adjustment therein;
5
(vii) the Preliminary Prospectus and Prospectus (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act); and
(viii) the wire instructions for the Company relating to the transactions contemplate by this Agreement on the letterhead of the Company.
(b) On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:
(i) this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and
(ii) such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount.
2.3 Closing Conditions.
(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);
(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and
(iii) the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.
(b) The respective obligations of each Purchaser hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);
(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
(iii) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement (an the update of the register of shareholders (being prime facie evidence of legal title) to reflect the issuance of the Securities);
(iv) the Registration Statement shall be effective and available for the issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder and the Company shall have delivered to such Purchaser the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus as required thereunder;
(v) there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and
6
(vi) from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Ordinary Shares shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.
ARTICLE III.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:
(a) Subsidiaries. Each of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries as defined under Rule 405 (each a “Subsidiary” and collectively, the “Subsidiaries”) has been identified on Schedule 3.1(a) hereto. Each of the Subsidiaries has been duly incorporated, is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation, has the corporate power and authority to own its property and to conduct its business as described in the Preliminary Prospectus, Prospectus, and SEC Reports; all of the equity interests of each Subsidiary have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, are fully paid and non-assessable and, are free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims. None of the outstanding issued shares or share capital or equity interest in any Subsidiary was issued in violation of pre-emptive or similar rights of any security holder of such Subsidiary. All of the constitutive or organizational documents of each of the Subsidiaries comply with the requirements of applicable laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or organization and are in full force and effect. Apart from the Subsidiaries, the Company has no direct or indirect Subsidiaries.
(b) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or memorandum and articles of association, articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.
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(c) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or memorandum and articles of association, articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus, (iii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Securities for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, (iv) approval of the Board of Directors of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated herein; and (v) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).
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(f) Issuance of the Securities; Registration. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents and when the register of shareholders (being prime facie evidence of legal title) is updated to reflect the issuance of the Securities, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants and when the register of shareholders (being prime facie evidence of legal title) is updated to reflect the issuance of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on [●], 2025 (the “Effective Date”), including the Preliminary Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Preliminary Prospectus, Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
(g) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(h), which Schedule 3.1(h) shall also include the number of Ordinary Shares owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof. The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed Form 20-F, other than (i) pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans disclosed in the SEC Reports, (ii) pursuant to the issuance of Ordinary Shares to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans disclosed in the SEC Reports, and (iii) pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Ordinary Share Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed Form 20-F. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(h) and except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any Ordinary Shares or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue Ordinary Shares or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors, or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.
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(h) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing, or the amendments thereto. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved, except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.
(i) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(j), (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(j), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.
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(j) Litigation. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(k), there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”). None of the Actions set forth on Schedule 3.1(k) (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated or threatened, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(k) Labor Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(l) Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(m) Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
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(n) Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.
(o) Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.
(p) Intellectual Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(q) Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
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(r) Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. None of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.
(s) Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(t) Certain Fees. Except for the fees payable to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
(u) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
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(v) Registration Rights. No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.
(w) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Ordinary Shares is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Ordinary Shares under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Ordinary Shares is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.
(x) Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s articles of association and/or memorandum of association (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.
(y) Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Preliminary Prospectus. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.
(z) No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.
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(aa) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. The SEC Reports sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.
(bb) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.
(cc) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.
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(dd) Accountants. The Company’s accounting firm is set forth on Schedule 3.1(dd) of the Disclosure Schedules. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act, and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending October 31, 2025.
(ee) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.
(ff) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Ordinary Shares, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.
(gg) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Company’s placement agent in connection with the placement of the Securities.
(hh) Stock Equity Plans. Each stock option or equity award granted by the Company under the Company’s equity award plans was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the Company’s shareholder approved equity award plan(s) and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares on the date such option or equity award would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option or equity award granted under the Company’s or equity award plan(s) has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.
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(ii) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).
(jj) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.
(kk) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.
(ll) Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.
(mm) Foreign Private Issuer. The Company is a “foreign private issuer” within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
(nn) Compliance with PRC Overseas Investment and Listing Regulations. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has complied, and has taken all reasonable steps to ensure compliance by each of its shareholders, directors and officers that is, or is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by, a PRC resident or citizen with any applicable rules and regulations of the relevant PRC government agencies (including but not limited to the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (the “SAFE”)) relating to overseas investment by PRC residents and citizens (the “PRC Overseas Investment and Listing Regulations”), including, without limitation, requesting each such Person that is, or is directly or indirectly owned or controlled by, a PRC resident or citizen, to complete any registration and other procedures required under applicable PRC Overseas Investment and Listing Regulations (including any applicable rules and regulations of the SAFE).
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(oo) M&A Rules. The Company is aware of and has been advised as to the content of the Rules on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors and any official clarifications, guidance, interpretations or implementation rules in connection with or related thereto (the “PRC Mergers and Acquisitions Rules”) jointly promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Tax Administration, the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on August 8, 2006 and amended on June 22, 2009, including the provisions thereof which purport to require offshore special purpose entities formed for listing purposes and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of their securities on an overseas stock exchange. The Company has received legal advice specifically with respect to the PRC Mergers and Acquisitions Rules from its PRC counsel, and the Company understands such legal advice. In addition, the Company has communicated such legal advice in full to each of its directors that signed the Registration Statement and each such director has confirmed that he or she understands such legal advice. The issuance and sale of the Shares, the listing and trading of the Shares on NASDAQ Capital Market and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (i) are not and will not be, as of the date hereof or at the Closing Date, adversely affected by the PRC Mergers and Acquisitions Rules and (ii) do not require the prior approval of the CSRC.
3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):
(a) Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(b) Understandings or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.
(c) Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants, it will be an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act.
(d) Experience of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.
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(e) Access to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.
(f) Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
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ARTICLE IV.
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1 Warrant Shares. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise shall be issued free of all legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Company shall use its best efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Warrants.
4.2 Furnishing of Information. Until the earliest of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.
4.3 Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.
4.4 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted pursuant to this sentence.
4.5 Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.
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4.6 Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented to the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.
4.7 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption of any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.
4.8 Indemnification of Purchasers. The Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity (including a Purchaser Party’s status as an investor), or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by the Company or any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, arising out of or relating to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. For the avoidance of doubt, the indemnification provided herein is intended to, and shall also cover, direct claims brought by the Company against the Purchaser Parties; provided, however, that such indemnification shall not cover any loss, claim, damage or liability to the extent it is finally judicially determined to be attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in any Transaction Document or any conduct by a Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct. If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and, except with respect to direct claims brought by the Company, the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel to the applicable Purchaser Party (which may be internal counsel), a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. In addition, if any Purchaser Party takes actions to collect amounts due under any Transaction Documents or to enforce the provisions of any Transaction Documents, then the Company shall pay the costs incurred by such Purchaser Party for such collection, enforcement or action, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and disbursements. The indemnification and other payment obligations required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation, defense, collection, enforcement or action, as and when bills are received or are incurred; provided, that if any Purchaser Party is finally judicially determined not to be entitled to indemnification or payment under this Section 4.8 such Purchaser Party shall promptly reimburse the Company for any payments that are advanced under this sentence. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.
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4.9 Reservation of Shares. So long as any of the Warrants remain outstanding, the Company shall take all action necessary to at all times have authorized, and reserved from its duly authorized issued shares, no less than the maximum number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (without taking into account any limitations on the exercise of the Warrants set forth in the Warrants) not yet issued.
4.10 Listing of Ordinary Shares. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Ordinary Shares on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and prior to the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Ordinary Shares traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Ordinary Shares on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Ordinary Shares for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.
4.11 Subsequent Equity Sales.
(a) From the date hereof until 45 days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (i) issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (each, a “Subsequent Placement”) or (ii) file any registration statement or any amendment or supplement thereto, other than the Prospectus.
(b) From the date hereof until such date that no Warrants remain outstanding, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional Ordinary Shares either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Ordinary Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Ordinary Shares or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.
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(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.11 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.
4.12 Internationally omitted.
4.13 Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.
4.14 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.
4.15 Exercise Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise the Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.
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4.18 Acknowledgment of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities may result in dilution of the outstanding Ordinary Shares, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, its obligation to issue the Shares and Warrant Shares pursuant to the Transaction Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless of the effect of any such dilution or any claim the Company may have against any Purchaser and regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance may have on the ownership of the other stockholders of the Company.
4.19 No Waiver of Lockup Agreement. The Company shall not amend, waive, modify or fail to use best efforts to enforce any provision of the Lockup Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, no Purchaser shall be a third party beneficiary of any Lockup Agreement.
ARTICLE V.
MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided, however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).
5.2 Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.In addition to the Transaction Expenses, the Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent’s fees, financial advisory fees, transfer agent fees, Depositary Fees, DTC fees or broker’s commissions (other than for Persons engaged by any Purchaser) relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby (including, without limitation, (x) any fees or commissions payable to the Placement Agent, who is the Company’s sole placement agent in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (y) any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), and any stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers. The Company shall pay, and hold each Purchaser harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any claim relating to any such payment. Except as otherwise set forth in the Transaction Documents, each party to this Agreement shall bear its own expenses in connection with the sale of the Securities to the Purchasers.
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5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.
5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report on Form 6-K.
5.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased (a) if on or prior to the Closing Date, 100% or (b) if after the Closing Date, at least 50.1%, as applicable, in interest of the Shares based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.
5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.
5.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”
5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. The Placement Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.
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5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding. The Company irrevocably appoints Cogency Global Inc. as its respective authorized agent (the “Authorized Agent”) in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York upon which process may be served in any such suit or proceeding, and agree that service of process in any manner permitted by applicable law upon such agent shall be deemed in every respect effective service of process in any manner permitted by applicable law upon the Company, as the case may be, in any such suit or proceeding. The choice of laws of the State of New York as the governing law of this Agreement will be honored by competent courts in the People’s Republic of China and the Cayman Islands, subject to compliance with relevant People’s Republic of China and Cayman Islands civil procedural and other requirements. None of the Company nor any of its properties, assets or revenues has any right of immunity under the People’s Republic of China, Cayman Islands or New York law, from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from the giving of any relief in any such legal action, suit or proceeding, from set-off or counterclaim, from the jurisdiction of the People’s Republic of China, Cayman Islands, New York or United States federal court, from service of process, attachment upon or prior to judgment, or attachment in aid of execution of judgment, or from execution of a judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement of a judgment, in any such court, with respect to its obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection with this Agreement; and, to the extent that the Company, or any of its properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become entitled to any such right of immunity in any such court in which proceedings may at any time be commenced, the Company hereby waives such right to the extent permitted by law and hereby consents to such relief and enforcement as provided in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents.
5.10 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.
5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file or other electronic medium recognized as an electronic signature under applicable law, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile, “.pdf” signature page or other electronic signature were an original thereof.
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5.12 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
5.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that, in the case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any Ordinary Shares subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).
5.14 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.
5.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
5.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.
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5.17 Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.
5.18 Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.
5.19 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
5.20 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and Ordinary Shares in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Ordinary Shares that occur after the date of this Agreement.
5.21 Sales During Pre-Settlement Period. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing (the “Pre-Settlement Period”), such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of any Shares to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the “Pre-Settlement Shares”), such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase, and the Company shall be deemed unconditionally bound to sell, such Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser at the Closing; provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company’s receipt of the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; and provided further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period such Purchaser shall sell any Shares to any Person and that any such decision to sell any Shares by such Purchaser shall be made, in the sole discretion of such Purchaser, at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any.
5.22 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.
(Signature Pages Follow)
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
| Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. | Address for Notice: | |||
| By: | ||||
| Name: | E-Mail: | |||
| Title: | ||||
| With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice): | ||||
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]
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[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
Name of Purchaser: ________________________________________________________
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser: _________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________
Email Address of Authorized Signatory:_________________________________________
Address for Notice to Purchaser:_____________________________________________
Address for Delivery of Securities to Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):
Subscription Amount: $_________________
Shares: _________________
Warrant Shares: __________________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker ☐ 4.99% or ☐ 9.99%
EIN Number: _______________________
o Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the Closing shall occur on the first (1st) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.
[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]
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Exhibit 4.3
WARRANT TO PURCHASE ORDINARY SHARES
Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
| Warrant Shares: [●] |
Initial Exercise Date: [●], 2025
|
| Issue Date: [●], 2025 |
THIS WARRANT TO PURCHASE ORDINARY SHARES (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, [●] or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on [●]1 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd., a Cayman Islands business company (the “Company”), up to [●] Ordinary Shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one (1) Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant or in the Securities Purchase Agreement dated [●], 2025, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Ordinary Shares for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Ordinary Share” means the ordinary shares of the Company, par value $0.00002 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
| 1 | Insert [●] year anniversary of the Issue Date |
“Ordinary Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Ordinary Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the Ordinary Shares are traded on a Trading Market.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares are listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means the Securities Purchase Agreement dated [●], 2025, these Warrants, such other Warrants as contemplated in the Securities Purchase Agreement, and all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means [●], the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of [●] and an email address of [●], and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Warrants” means this Warrant and other Ordinary Shares purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
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Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price (and in doing so, subscribe) for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Warrant Share shall be $[●], subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).
c) International omitted.
d) Mechanics of Exercise.
i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) one (1) Trading Day after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for purposes of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act to have become the holder of the Warrant Shares irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the instance of a cashless exercise) is received by the Company on or prior to the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Ordinary Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder.
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ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.
iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.
iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored and return any amount received by the Company in respect of the Exercise Price for those Warrant Shares (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Ordinary Shares having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Ordinary Shares with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
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v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.
vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.
vii. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its shareholder books register of members or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.
e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of Ordinary Shares which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Ordinary Share Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding Ordinary Shares was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.
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Section 3. Certain Adjustments.
a) Share Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a share dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on Ordinary Shares or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Ordinary Shares (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Ordinary Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding Ordinary Shares into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of Ordinary Shares any shares of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
b) Share Combination Event Adjustment. In addition to the adjustments set forth in this Section 3, if at any time on or after the Issue Date there occurs any share split, share dividend, bonus share issuance, share combination recapitalization or other similar transaction involving the Ordinary Shares (each, a “Share Combination Event”, and such date thereof, the “Share Combination Event Date”) and the lowest VWAP during the five (5) consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding the Share Combination Event Date and ending five (5) consecutive Trading Days immediately after the Share Combination Event Date (the “Event Market Price”) (provided if the Share Combination Event is effective after close of Trading on the primary Trading Market, then commencing on the next Trading Day which period shall be the “Share Combination Adjustment Period”) is less than the Exercise Price then in effect (after giving effect to the adjustment in clause 3(a) above), then at the close of trading on the primary Trading Market on the last day of the Share Combination Adjustment Period, the Exercise Price then in effect on such 5th Trading Day shall be reduced (but in no event increased) to the Event Market Price. For the avoidance of doubt, if the adjustment in the immediately preceding sentence would otherwise result in an increase in the Exercise Price hereunder, no adjustment shall be made, and if this Warrant is exercised, on any given Exercise Date during the Share Combination Adjustment Period, solely with respect to such portion of this Warrant exercised on such applicable Exercise Date, such applicable Share Combination Adjustment Period shall be deemed to have ended on, and included, the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date and the Event Market Price on such applicable Exercise Date will be the lowest VWAP of the Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the Share Combination Event Date and ending on, and including the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date.
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c) Subsequent Equity Sales. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding (such period, the “Adjustment Period”), the Company issues, sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any option to purchase, or sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any right to reprice, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition), or, in accordance with this Section 3(c), is deemed to have issued or sold, any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (excluding any Exempt Issuance issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold) for a consideration per share (the “New Issuance Price”) less than a price equal to the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issue or sale or deemed issuance or sale (such Exercise Price then in effect is referred to as the “Applicable Price”) (the foregoing a “Dilutive Issuance”), then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement) of such Dilutive Issuance, the Exercise Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the New Issuance Price. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustments shall be made, paid or issued under this Section 3(c) in respect of an Exempt Issuance. The Company shall notify the Holder, in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance or deemed issuance of any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents subject to this Section 3(c), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 3(c), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares based upon the New Issuance Price regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the New Issuance Price in the Notice of Exercise. If the Company enters into a Variable Rate Transaction, the Company shall be deemed to have issued Ordinary Share or Ordinary Share Equivalents at the lowest possible price, conversion price or exercise price at which such securities may be issued, converted or exercised. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the Ordinary Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Ordinary Shares, other than in connection with customary anti-dilution adjustments resulting from future stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions, or (ii) issues or sells any amortizing convertible security that amortizes prior to its maturity date, whereby it is required to or has the option to (or the investor in such security has the option to require the Company to) make such amortization payments in Ordinary Shares (whether or not such payments in stock are subject to certain equity conditions) or (iii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or “at-the-market” offering, whereby it may sell securities at a future determined price, regardless of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually been issued and regardless of whether such agreement is subsequently canceled, provided that any issuance of shares upon the exercise of the Warrants will not be deemed a Variable Rate Transaction.
Issuance of Options. If the Company in any manner grants, issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to grant, issue or sell) any Options and the lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such share of Ordinary Shares shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the granting, issuance or sale (or the time of execution of such agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) of such Option for such price per share. For purposes of this Section 3(c)(i), the “lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to any one share of Ordinary Shares upon the granting, issuance or sale (or pursuant to the agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) of such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalent issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest exercise price set forth in such Option for which one share of Ordinary Shares is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon the exercise of any such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Option (or any other Person) upon the granting, issuance or sale (or the agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalent issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof plus the value of any other consideration received or receivable by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Option (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares or of such Ordinary Share Equivalents upon the exercise of such Options or otherwise pursuant to the terms of or upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalents.
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Issuance of Ordinary Share Equivalents. If the Company in any manner issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to issue or sell) any Ordinary Share Equivalents and the lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such share of Ordinary Shares shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the issuance or sale (or the time of execution of such agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of such Ordinary Share Equivalents for such price per share. For the purposes of this Section 3(c)(ii), the “lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to one share of Ordinary Shares upon the issuance or sale (or pursuant to the agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of the Ordinary Share Equivalent and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalent or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest conversion price set forth in such Ordinary Share Equivalent for which one share of Ordinary Shares is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Ordinary Share Equivalent (or any other Person) upon the issuance or sale (or the agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of such Ordinary Share Equivalent plus the value of any other consideration received or receivable by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Ordinary Share Equivalent (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalents or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof, and if any such issuance or sale of such Ordinary Share Equivalents is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustment of this Warrant has been or is to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 3(c), except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made by reason of such issuance or sale.
Change in Option Price or Rate of Conversion. If the purchase or exercise price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the issue, conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents, or the rate at which any Ordinary Share Equivalents are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares increases or decreases at any time (other than proportional changes in conversion or exercise prices, as applicable, in connection with an event referred to in Section 3(a)), the Exercise Price in effect at the time of such increase or decrease shall be adjusted to the Exercise Price which would have been in effect at such time had such Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents provided for such increased or decreased purchase price, additional consideration or increased or decreased conversion rate, as the case may be, at the time initially granted, issued or sold. For purposes of this Section 3(c)(iii), if the terms of any Option or Ordinary Share Equivalent that was outstanding as of the Initial Exercise Date are increased or decreased in the manner described in the immediately preceding sentence, then such Option or Ordinary Share Equivalent and the Ordinary Shares deemed issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange thereof shall be deemed to have been issued as of the date of such increase or decrease. No adjustment pursuant to this Section 3(c) shall be made if such adjustment would result in an increase of the Exercise Price then in effect.
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Calculation of Consideration Received. If any Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalents and/or Adjustment Right is issued in connection with the issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale of any other securities of the Company (as determined by the Holder, the “Primary Security”, and such Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalents and/or Adjustment Right, the “Secondary Securities” and together with the Primary Security, each a “Unit”), together comprising one integrated transaction, the aggregate consideration per share of Ordinary Shares with respect to such Primary Security shall be deemed to be the lowest of (x) the purchase price of such Unit, (y) if such Primary Security is an Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalent, the lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise or conversion of the Primary Security in accordance with Section 3(c)(i) or 3(c)(ii) above and (z) the lowest VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the five (5) Trading Day period (the “Adjustment Period”) immediately following the public announcement of such Dilutive Issuance (for the avoidance of doubt, if such public announcement is released prior to the opening of the applicable Trading Market on a Trading Day, such Trading Day shall be the first Trading Day in such five Trading Day period and if this Warrant is exercised, on any given Exercise Date during any such Adjustment Period, solely with respect to such portion of this Warrant converted on such applicable Exercise Date, such applicable Adjustment Period shall be deemed to have ended on, and included, the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date). If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold for cash, the consideration received therefor will be deemed to be the net amount of consideration received by the Company therefor. If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued or sold for a consideration other than cash, the amount of such consideration received by the Company will be the fair value of such consideration, except where such consideration consists of publicly traded securities, in which case the amount of consideration received by the Company for such securities will be the arithmetic average of the VWAPs of such security for each of the five (5) Trading Days immediately preceding the date of receipt. If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued to the owners of the non-surviving entity in connection with any merger in which the Company is the surviving entity, the amount of consideration therefor will be deemed to be the fair value of such portion of the net assets and business of the non-surviving entity as is attributable to such Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents (as the case may be). The fair value of any consideration other than cash or publicly traded securities will be determined jointly by the Company and the Holder. If such parties are unable to reach agreement within ten (10) days after the occurrence of an event requiring valuation (the “Valuation Event”), the fair value of such consideration will be determined within five (5) Trading Days after the tenth (10th) day following such Valuation Event by an independent, reputable appraiser jointly selected by the Company and the Holder. The determination of such appraiser shall be final and binding upon all parties absent manifest error and the fees and expenses of such appraiser shall be borne by the Company. For purposes of hereof, “Adjustment Right” means any right granted with respect to any securities issued in connection with, or with respect to, any issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale in accordance with this Section 3(c) of Ordinary Shares that could result in a decrease in the net consideration received by the Company in connection with, or with respect to, such securities (including, without limitation, any cash settlement rights, cash adjustment or other similar rights).
Record Date. If the Company takes a record of the holders of Ordinary Shares for the purpose of entitling them (A) to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in Ordinary Shares, Options or in Convertible Securities or (B) to subscribe for or purchase Ordinary Shares, Options or Convertible Securities, then such record date will be deemed to be the date of the issuance or sale of the Ordinary Shares deemed to have been issued or sold upon the declaration of such dividend or the making of such other distribution or the date of the granting of such right of subscription or purchase (as the case may be).
d) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Ordinary Share Equivalents or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all (or substantially all) of the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such Ordinary Shares as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
e) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all (or substantially all) holders of Ordinary Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any Ordinary Shares as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.
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f) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person , (ii) the Company or any Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares or 50% or more of the voting power of the ordinary equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Ordinary Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Ordinary Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares or 50% or more of the voting power of the ordinary equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of Ordinary Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Ordinary Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Ordinary Shares are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Ordinary Shares are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Ordinary Shares will be deemed to have received common equity or ordinary shares, as applicable, of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) the 30 day volatility, (2) the 100 day volatility, (3) the 365 day volatility, each of clauses (1)-(3) as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, and (4) 100%, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3(f) and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Business Days after the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(f) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant that is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock (or equity, as applicable) of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the Ordinary Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (or equity, as applicable) (but taking into account the relative value of the Ordinary Shares prior to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock (or equity, as applicable), such number of shares of capital stock (or equity, as applicable) and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term “Company” under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized Ordinary Shares for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date.
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g) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of Ordinary Shares deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
h) Notice to Holder.
i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Ordinary Shares, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Ordinary Shares, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Ordinary Share rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any shareholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Ordinary Shares, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Ordinary Shares are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Ordinary Shares of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Ordinary Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Ordinary Shares for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.
i) Voluntary Adjustment by Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading Market and the consent of the Holder, the Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors.
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Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.
a) Transferability. This Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
Section 5. Miscellaneous.
a) No Rights as Shareholder until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.
b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
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d) Authorized Shares.
The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will have sufficient authorized and unissued Ordinary Shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Ordinary Shares may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith and upon registration in the Register of Members of the Company, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (which means that no further sums are required to be paid by the holders thereof in connection with the issue thereof) and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its memorandum and articles of association or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any action that would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e) Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this paragraph shall limit or restrict the federal district court in which a Holder may bring a claim under the federal securities laws.
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f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.
g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. No provision of this Warrant shall be construed as a waiver by the Holder of any rights which the Holder may have under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
h) Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at [●], Attention: [●], email address: [●], or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K.
i) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Ordinary Shares or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.
j) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
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l) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holder, on the other hand.
m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
n) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.
o) Currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Warrant are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”). All amounts owing under this Warrant shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies shall be converted in the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Warrant, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal (NY edition) on the relevant date of calculation.
********************
[Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Investor Warrant Signature Page Follows]
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[Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Investor Warrant Signature Page]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
| Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Its: | ||
Exhibit A
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
To: Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):
☐ in lawful money of the United States; or
☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).
(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
_______________________________
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]
| Name of Investing Entity: | |
| Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity: | |
| Name of Authorized Signatory: | |
| Title of Authorized Signatory: | |
| Date: |
Exhibit B
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to
| Name: | ||
| (Please Print) | ||
| Address: | ||
| (Please Print) | ||
| Phone Number: | ||
| Email Address: | ||
| Dated: _______________ __, ______ | ||
| Holder’s Signature: | ||
| Holder’s Address: | ||
Exhibit 5.1
|
Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited 4th Floor, Harbour Place 103 South Church Street P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman KY1-1002, Cayman Islands |
D : |
+852 3656 6054 / +852 3656 6010 |
| E : | nathan.powell@ogier.com / cecilia.li@ogier.com | |
| Reference: | NMP/CQL/513882.00002 |
19 September 2025
Dear Sirs
Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (the Company)
We have acted as Cayman Islands counsel to the Company in connection with the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1, including all amendments or supplements thereto (the Registration Statement), as filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Act) on or about the date hereof. The Registration Statement relates to the offering (the Offering) of up to such number of Ordinary Shares (as defined in below) and the warrants or other types of convertible securities to subscribe for the Ordinary Shares (the Warrants, together the Offering Securities) as disclosed in the Registration Statement.
We are furnishing this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 and Exhibit 23.2 to the Registration Statement.
Unless a contrary intention appears, all capitalised terms used in this opinion have the respective meanings set forth in the Documents (as defined below). A reference to a Schedule is a reference to a schedule to this opinion and the headings herein are for convenience only and do not affect the construction of this opinion.
| 1 | Documents examined |
For the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined originals, copies, or drafts of the following documents: (the Documents):
| (a) | the constitutional documents and public records of the Company provided by the Company on 29 May 2025 (the Company Registry Records), including: |
| (i) | the certificate of incorporation of the Company dated 11 October 2022 issued by the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands (the Registrar); and |
| (ii) | the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company adopted pursuant to special shareholder resolutions dated 29 June 2024 as filed with the Registrar on 9 July 2024 (the Memorandum and Articles). |
|
Ogier Providing advice on British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and Guernsey laws
Floor 11 Central Tower 28 Queen’s Road Central Central Hong Kong
T +852 3656 6000 F +852 3656 6001 ogier.com |
Partners Nicholas Plowman Nathan Powell Anthony Oakes Oliver Payne Kate Hodson David Nelson Justin Davis Joanne Collett Dennis Li |
Cecilia Li Rachel Huang** Yuki Yan** Florence Chan*‡ Richard Bennett**‡ James Bergstrom‡
|
* admitted in New Zealand ** admitted in England and Wales ‡ not ordinarily resident in Hong Kong |
Page 2 of 6
| (b) | A search of the Cayman Online Registry Information Service conducted against the Company at the Registrar on 19 September 2025 (the CORIS Search). |
| (c) | The Register of Writs and Other Originating Process at the office of the Clerk of Courts in the Cayman Islands as inspected by us on 19 September 2025 (the Register of Writs). |
| (d) | a certificate of good standing in respect of the Company issued by the Registrar on 11 September 2025 (the Certificate of Good Standing); |
| (e) | a copy of the register of directors of the Company as provided to us on 10 September 2025 (the ROD); |
| (f) | a copy of the listed shareholder list of the Company as at 28 August 2025 provided to us on the same (the ROM, together with the ROD, the Registers); |
| (g) | copies of the written resolutions of the directors of the Company dated 12 September 2025 approving, among other things, the issuance of the Offering Securities and the filing of the Registration Statement (the Board Resolutions); and |
| (h) | a draft copy of the placement agent agreement to be entered between the Company and FT Global Capital, Inc. (the Placement Agent Agreement) as exhibited to the Registration Statement; |
| (i) | a draft copy of the securities purchase agreement to be entered into by the Company (the Securities Purchase Agreement) as exhibited to the Registration Statement; and |
| (j) | the Registration Statement. |
| 2 | Assumptions |
In giving this opinion we have relied upon the assumptions set forth in this paragraph 2 without having carried out any independent investigation or verification in respect of those assumptions:
| (a) | all original documents examined by us are authentic and complete; |
| (b) | all copy documents examined by us (whether in facsimile, electronic or other form) conform to the originals and those originals are authentic and complete; |
| (c) | all signatures, seals, dates, stamps and markings (whether on original or copy documents) are genuine; |
| (d) | each of the Certificate of Incumbency, the Certificate of Good Standing and the Registers is accurate and complete as at the date of this opinion; |
| (e) | the Memorandum and Articles provided to us are in full force and effect and have not been amended, varied, supplemented or revoked in any respect |
| (f) | all copies of the Registration Statement are true and correct copies and the Registration Statement conforms in every material respect to the latest drafts of the same produced to us and, where the Registration Statement has been provided to us in successive drafts marked-up to indicate changes from a previous draft, all such changes have been accurately marked; |
Page 3 of 6
| (g) | the Board Resolutions have been duly passed in accordance with the Memorandum and Articles and remains in full force and effect and each of the directors of the Company has acted in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and has exercised the standard of care, diligence and skill that is required of him or her in approving the Offering and no director has a financial interest in or other relationship to a party of the transactions contemplated in the Board Resolutions which has not been properly disclosed in the Board Resolutions; |
| (h) | neither the directors and shareholders of the Company have taken any steps to wind up the Company or to appoint a liquidator of the Company and no receiver has been appointed over any of the Company’s property or assets; |
| (i) | upon the issue of any Ordinary Shares, whether as a principal issue or on the conversion, exchange or exercise of the securities in connection with the Offering, the Company will receive consideration for the full issue price which shall be equal to at least the par value thereof; |
| (j) | the Company will duly execute and delivery the Placement Agent Agreement in the draft form provided for us for review in accordance with the Board Resolutions; |
| (k) | the Company will duly execute and delivery the Securities Purchase Agreement in the draft form provided for us for review in accordance with the Board Resolutions; |
| (l) | no invitation has been or will be made by or on behalf of the Company to the public in the Cayman Islands to subscribe for any Offering Securities and none of the Offering Securities have been offered or issued to residents of the Cayman Islands; |
| (m) | the capacity, power and authority of all parties other than the Company to enter into and perform their obligations under and all documents entered into by such parties in connection with the issuance of the Offering Securities, and the due execution and delivery thereof by each party thereto; |
| (n) | the Company is, and after the issuance (where applicable) of the Offering Securities, able to pay its liabilities as they fall due; and |
| (o) | there is nothing under any law, other than the Cayman Islands, that would or might affect the opinions expressed herein. |
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| 3 | Opinions |
On the basis of the examinations and assumptions referred to above and subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in paragraph 4 below, we are of the opinion that:
Corporate status
The Company was duly incorporated on 11 October 2022 as and is an exempted company with limited liability. It is validly existing under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and is in good standing with the Registrar.
Share capital
| (a) | Based solely on the Memorandum and Articles, the Company’s authorised share capital is US$50,000.00 divided into 2,500,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$0.00002 each (the Ordinary Shares). |
Valid Issuance of Offering Securities
| (b) | The Ordinary Shares to be included in the Offering Securities to be offered and issued by the Company as contemplated by the Registration Statement have been duly authorised for issue and when: |
| (i) | issued by the Company against payment in full of the consideration thereof in accordance with the terms set out in the Registration Statement, the terms set out in the Placement Agent Agreement referred to within the Registration Statement and the Company’s then effective memorandum and articles of association; and |
| (ii) | such issuance of Ordinary Shares have been duly registered in the Company’s register of members as fully paid shares, |
will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
| (c) | The Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to the Warrants (the Underlying Shares), when the relevant Warrants are exercisable under the terms of the applicable definitive agreement approved by the Board as referred to within the Registration Statement have been duly reserved and authorised for issue and when: |
| (i) | issued by the Company upon due exercise of the relevant Warrants in accordance with the terms of the applicable definitive Documents as referred to in the Registration Statement and in accordance with the Company’s then effective memorandum and articles of association; and |
| (ii) | such issuance of Ordinary Shares have been duly registered in the Company’s register of members as fully paid shares and payment of the consideration specified therein (being not less than the par value of the Ordinary Shares) has been made, |
will be, subject to payment of the exercise price therefor under the terms of the applicable agreement, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
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Registration Statement - Taxation
| (d) | The statements contained in the Registration Statement in the section headed “Cayman Islands Taxation”, in so far as they purport to summarise the laws or regulations of the Cayman Islands, are accurate in all material respects and that such statements constitute our opinion. |
| 4 | Limitations and Qualifications |
| 4.1 | We offer no opinion: |
| (a) | as to any laws other than the laws of the Cayman Islands, and we have not, for the purposes of this opinion, made any investigation of the laws of any other jurisdiction, and we express no opinion as to the meaning, validity, or effect of references in the Placement Agent Agreement, the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Registration Statement to statutes, rules, regulations, codes or judicial authority of any jurisdiction other than the Cayman Islands; or |
| (b) | except to the extent that this opinion expressly provides otherwise, as to the commercial terms of, or the validity, enforceability or effect of the Placement Agent Agreement, the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Registration Statement, the accuracy of representations, the fulfilment of warranties or conditions, the occurrence of events of default or terminating events or the existence of any conflicts or inconsistencies among the Placement Agent Agreement, the Securities Purchase Agreement and Registration Statement and any other agreements into which the Company may have entered or any other documents; or |
| (c) | as to whether the acceptance, execution or performance of the Company’s obligations under the Placement Agent Agreement, the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Registration Statement or the applicable definitive agreement will result in the breach of or infringe any other agreement, deed or document (other than the Company’s Memorandum and Articles) entered into by or binding on the Company. |
| 4.2 | Under the Companies Act (Revised) (Companies Act) of the Cayman Islands annual returns in respect of the Company must be filed with the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands, together with payment of annual filing fees. A failure to file annual returns and pay annual filing fees may result in the Company being struck off the Register of Companies, following which its assets will vest in the Financial Secretary of the Cayman Islands and will be subject to disposition or retention for the benefit of the public of the Cayman Islands. |
| 4.3 | In good standing means only that as of the date of this opinion the Company is up-to-date with the filing of its annual returns and payment of annual fees with the Registrar of Companies. We have made no enquiries into the Company’s good standing with respect to any filings or payment of fees, or both, that it may be required to make under the laws of the Cayman Islands other than the Companies Law. |
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| 5 | Governing law of this opinion |
| 5.1 | This opinion is: |
| (a) | governed by, and shall be construed in accordance with, the laws of the Cayman Islands; |
| (b) | limited to the matters expressly stated in it; and |
| (c) | confined to, and given on the basis of, the laws and practice in the Cayman Islands at the date of this opinion. |
| 5.2 | Unless otherwise indicated, a reference to any specific Cayman Islands legislation is a reference to that legislation as amended to, and as in force at, the date of this opinion. |
| 6 | Reliance |
| 6.1 | We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the headings “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities”, “Taxation” and “Legal Matters” of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission thereunder. |
| 6.2 | This opinion may be used only in connection with the offer and sale of the Offering Securities while the Registration Statement is effective. |
Yours faithfully
| /s/ Ogier |
Ogier
Exhibit 5.1
Building C1, Shangxianhu Fund PARK, No. 1 Qingshu Road, Economic Development Zone, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
Tel: (0510) 8355 3777 Fax: (0510) 8355 3777
September 19, 2025
| To: | Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) |
901, Building C, Phase 2 Wuxi International Life Science Innovation Campus 196 Jinghui East Road Xinwu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China |
Dear Sir/Madam,
We, Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm, are qualified lawyers of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”), and are qualified to issue this legal opinion (this “Opinion”) with respect to all laws, regulations, statutes, rules, decrees, guidelines, notices, and judicial interpretations and other legislations of the PRC currently in force and publicly available as of the date hereof (hereinafter referred to as the “PRC Laws”). For the purpose of this Opinion only, unless otherwise specified, the “PRC or China” does not include the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macau Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan.
We are acting as the Company’s PRC counsel in connection with the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-[*]), including all amendments or supplements thereto (the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 (as amended), (b) the prospectus, including all amendments and supplements thereto, that forms a part of the Registration Statement (the “Prospectus”), and (c) the Company’s proposed offering of (i) up to 11,428,571 ordinary shares, par value US$0.00002 per share of the Company (the “Ordinary Shares”), (ii) warrants to purchase up to 11,428,571 Ordinary Share, at an initial exercise price of $0.42 per share, as set forth in the Registration Statement (the “Offering”).
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| A. | DEFINITIONS |
Unless otherwise expressly prescribed in this Opinion, the following capitalized terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them as follows:
| “CSRC” | means the China Securities Regulatory Commission |
| “Engagement Agreement” | means the Exclusive Engagement Agreement dated July 24, 2025, entered into by and between the Company and FT Global Capital, Inc. (the “Placement Agent”) in the Offering |
| “Governmental Agency(ies)” | means any competent national, provincial, municipal or local government authorities, courts, arbitration commissions, or regulatory bodies of the PRC having jurisdiction over the PRC Subsidiaries in the PRC |
| “PRC Subsidiaries” | means the subsidiaries of the Company formed in the PRC, including Park Ha Investment (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., or WFOE, a wholly foreign-owned company with limited liability, Jiangsu Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd., or Park Ha Jiangsu, a subsidiary wholly owned by WFOE, Wuxi Xinzhan Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd., or Xinzhan, a subsidiary wholly owned by WFOE, Shanghai Park Ha Industrial Development Co., Ltd., a subsidiary wholly owned by Xinzhan, Wuxi Muchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary wholly owned by Jiangsu Park Ha, and Wuxi Mufeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., a subsidiary wholly owned by Jiangsu Park Ha |
| “Prospectus” | means the prospectus, including all amendments or supplements thereto, that forms part of the Registration Statement |
| “Registration Statement” | means the Company’s registration statement on Form F-1, including all amendments or supplements thereto, filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 (as amended) in relation to the Offering |
| “Trial Measures” | means the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, along with five (5) supporting guidelines, promulgated by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, and effective on March 31, 2023 |
| B. | DOCUMENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS |
For the purpose of rendering this Opinion, we have examined the originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the due diligence documents provided by the Company, the Engagement Agreement, and such other documents, including but not limited to corporate records, certificates, governmental authorizations, statements and confirmations made by the Company and/or its representatives, and other instruments as we have considered necessary or advisable for the purpose of rendering this Opinion (collectively, the “Documents”).
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In our examination of the Documents, we have assumed, without independent investigation and inquiry, the following assumptions (the “Assumptions”):
| (a) | All Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic and all Documents submitted to us as copies conform to their originals and such originals are authentic; |
| (b) | All Documents have been validly authorized, executed and delivered by all the relevant parties thereto, other than the Company and all natural persons who have the necessary legal capacity; |
| (c) | All signatures, seals and chops on the Documents submitted to us are genuine; |
| (d) | All Documents and the factual statements provided to us by the Company, including but not limited to those set forth in the Documents, are complete, true and correct; |
| (e) | No amendments, revisions, modifications or other changes have been made with respect to any of the Documents after they were submitted to us for the purposes of this Opinion; |
| (f) | Each of the parties to the Documents, other than the Company, is duly organized and is validly existing in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and/or incorporation; |
| (g) | Each of the parties to the Documents, other than the Company, has full power and authority to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Documents to which it is a party in accordance with the laws of its jurisdiction of organization or incorporation; |
| (h) | All governmental authorizations and other official statement or documentations provided to us are obtained from the competent government agencies by lawful means in due course; |
| (i) | All Documents are legal, valid, binding and enforceable under all such laws as govern or relate to them other than the PRC Laws; and |
| (j) | All required consents, licenses, permits, approvals, exemptions or authorizations required of or by, and any required registrations or filings with, any governmental authority or regulatory body of any jurisdiction other than of the PRC in connection with the transactions contemplated under the Registration Statement have been obtained or made, or where such required consents, licenses, permits, approvals, exemptions or authorizations have not been obtained or made as of the date hereof, no circumstance will cause or result in any failure for the same to be obtained or made. |
| C. | OPINIONS |
Based on the foregoing and subject to the Qualifications set out below, we are of the opinions on the date hereof that:
| (a) | Business Operations. Based on our understanding of the explicit provisions under PRC Laws, we are of the opinion that each of the PRC Subsidiaries has obtained all requisite governmental authorizations that are material for its business operations currently conducted in the PRC as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. However, it is uncertain that the PRC Subsidiaries can renew the governmental authorizations in a timely manner when their current term expires; and new PRC laws and regulations may be enforced from time to time to require additional licenses and permits other than those the PRC Subsidiaries currently have. The interpretation and application of the PRC Laws and future PRC laws and regulations are still evolving, and there can be no assurance that any of the Governmental Agencies will not take a view that is contrary to or otherwise different from our opinions stated herein. |
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| (b) | Enforceability of Civil Procedures. There is uncertainty as to whether the PRC courts would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against the Company or the directors or officers of the Company predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, or (ii) entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against the Company or the directors or officers of the Company predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other forms of written reciprocity with the United States or the Cayman Islands that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against a company or its directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the basic principles of PRC Laws or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or the Cayman Islands. |
| (c) | Taxation. The statements made in the Registration Statement under the caption “Taxation— People’s Republic of China Taxation”, with respect to the PRC tax laws and regulations or interpretations, are correct and accurate in all material respects, and constitute our opinion. |
| (d) | PRC Laws. To the best of our knowledge after due and reasonable inquiry, the statements in the Prospectus on the cover page and under the captions “Prospectus Summary”, “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities”, “Taxation”, and “Legal Matters”, to the extent that such statements describe or summarize PRC legal or regulatory matters, are true, accurate and correct in all material respects, and fairly present or fairly summarize in all material respects the PRC legal and regulatory matters referred to therein; and such statements do not contain an untrue statement of a material fact, and do not omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. |
| (e) | CSRC Filing. According to the Trial Measures, PRC domestic companies that seek to offer and list securities in overseas markets, either directly or indirectly, are required to fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC and report relevant information. Companies that had already been listed overseas are required to file with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of subsequent securities offerings in the same overseas market where its securities were previously offered and listed. We are of the view that the Offering pursuant to the Prospectus will be subject to the Trial Measures, and the Company should, through its major operating entity incorporated in the PRC, file for record with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of the Offering pursuant to the Prospectus. |
| D. | QUALIFICATIONS |
This Opinion is further subject to the following qualifications (the “Qualifications”):
| (a) | We express no opinion as to any laws other than the PRC Laws in force on the date of this Opinion; |
| (b) | The PRC Laws referred to herein are laws currently in force and there is no guarantee that any of such laws, or the interpretation thereof or enforcement therefor, will not be changed, amended or replaced in the immediate future or in the longer term with or without retrospective effect; |
| (c) | This Opinion is intended to be used in the context which is specifically referred to herein and each section should be construed as a whole and no part shall be extracted and referred to independently. Also, this Opinion is strictly limited to the matters stated herein and no opinion is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated herein; and |
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| (d) | This Opinion is subject to the effects of (i) certain legal or statutory principles affecting the validity and enforceability of contractual rights generally under the concepts of public interest, social ethics, national security, good faith, fair dealing, and applicable statutes of limitation; (ii) any circumstance in connection with formulation, execution or performance of any legal documents that would be deemed materially mistaken, clearly unconscionable, fraudulent, coercionary or concealing illegal intentions with a lawful form; (iii) judicial discretion with respect to the availability of indemnifications, remedies or defenses, the calculation of damages, the entitlement to attorney’s fees and other costs, and the waiver of immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from legal process; and (iv) the discretion of any competent PRC legislative, administrative or judicial bodies in exercising their authority in the PRC. |
This Opinion is strictly limited to the matters stated herein and no opinion is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated herein. The Opinions expressed herein are rendered only as of the date hereof, and we assume no responsibility to advise you of facts, circumstances, events or developments that hereafter may be brought to our attention and that may alter, affect or modify the opinion expressed herein.
This Opinion is given for the benefit of the addressee hereof in connection with this Offering. Without our express prior written consent, neither this Opinion nor our opinions herein may be disclosed to or relied upon by any person other than the addressee, except where such disclosure is required to be made by applicable law or is requested by any court, regulatory or governmental authority, in each case on a non-reliance basis and with a prior written notice provided to us.
We hereby consent to the reference to our name in such Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we fall within the category of the person whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, or under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, in each case, as amended, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
| Yours faithfully, | |
| /s/ Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm | |
| Jiangsu Junjin Law Firm |
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Exhibit 21.1
Subsidiaries of Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
The following is a list of subsidiaries of the Registrant.
| Business Entity Name | Place of Formation | |
| Park Ha Biological Technology (HK) Co, Ltd. | Hong Kong | |
| Park Ha Investment (Wuxi) Co.,Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
| Jiangsu Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
| Wuxi Xinzhan Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
| Shanghai Park Ha Industrial Development Co., Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
| Wuxi Muchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
| Wuxi Mufeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference of our report dated February 24, 2025 in the Registration Statement on Form F-1, relating to the audit of the consolidated balance sheets of Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (the “Company”) as of October 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended October 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”).
We also consent to the Company’s reference to WWC, P.C., Certified Public Accountants, as experts in accounting and auditing.
| /s/ WWC, P.C. | ||
| San Mateo, California | WWC, P.C. | |
| September 19, 2025 | Certified Public Accountants | |
| PCAOB ID: 1171 |
Ex-Filing Fees
CALCULATION OF FILING FEE TABLES
F-1
Park Ha Biological Technology Co., Ltd.
Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities
| Line Item Type | Security Type | Security Class Title | Notes | Fee Calculation Rule |
Amount Registered | Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit |
Maximum Aggregate Offering Price | Fee Rate | Amount of Registration Fee | ||||||||||||
| Newly Registered Securities | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fees to be Paid | Equity | Ordinary Shares, par value $0.00002 per Ordinary Share | (1) | 457(o) | 0 | $ | 0.00 | $ | 4,000,000.00 | 0.0001531 | $ | 612.40 | |||||||||
| Fees to be Paid | Equity | Warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares | (2) | Other | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | ||||||||||||
| Fees to be Paid | Equity | Ordinary Shares underlying the Warrants to purchase Ordinary Shares | (3) | 457(o) | 0 | $ | 0.00 | $ | 4,800,000.00 | 0.0001531 | $ | 734.88 | |||||||||
| Total Offering Amounts: | $ | 8,800,000.00 | 1,347.28 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Fees Previously Paid: | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Fee Offsets: | 0.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Fee Due: | $ | 1,347.28 | |||||||||||||||||||
__________________________________________
Offering Note(s)
| (1) | Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the securities registered hereby also include an indeterminate number of additional securities as may from time to time become issuable by reason of share splits, share dividends, recapitalizations, or other similar transactions. |
| (2) | Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). No separate registration fee is payable pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act. |
| (3) | Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”). Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the securities registered hereby also include an indeterminate number of additional securities as may from time to time become issuable by reason of share splits, share dividends, recapitalizations, or other similar transactions. |